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Prevention and control of invasive alien species: water peanut

Invasive alien organisms - water peanut, is an amphibious perennial rooted herbaceous plants, high fertility, cold resistance, in the farmland, orchards, vegetable gardens, etc. underground stems spread in the form of cobwebs and plants. Competition for fertilizer, competition for water, so that the yield is damaged; on the water to stop the water flow, blocking the channel, affecting water traffic; serious closed water surface, resulting in fish breathing difficulties, affecting fish growth and fishing, belonging to the malignant weeds, must be strengthened to prevent and control.

(Photo transferred from Baidu)

(a) the origin and distribution

water peanut, English name alligator weed, Chinese alias: hollow lotus grass, revolutionary grass, resistance grass, like drought lotus grass, wild flowers, hollow amaranth, water spinach, over the river dragon, pigweed, lake goat grass, water marjoram, Toyo grass, foreign marjoram, a vine grass, water dongguan, water poplar, peanut vine grass, Tongtong grass, and so on.

It is generally believed that water hyacinth originated in South America in wetlands such as southern Paraguay, and spread in eastern and southern Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay and southern Argentina, the Amazon Basin, and the seaside areas of northern South America.

Currently, water peanut is distributed in Australia, Asia, North America, Europe, Africa, 30 countries and regions. In Asia distributed in China, India and many other countries. Become the United States, Australia, China, New Zealand, India and other countries serious harm to the vicious weed.

Watercress was born in the last century in the 30's by the Japanese introduced to the suburbs of Shanghai, Zhejiang Hangjiahu Plain as horse feed, and later, many areas in the south of this grass as "good pig feed" for artificial seed diffusion, stocking planting. At present, the water peanut is widely distributed in China's Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei and other 23 provinces and cities, and its harm is serious.

(2) identification characteristics

Perennial herbaceous plants, stem nodes bearing fibrous roots, can grow on land and in the waters.

Leaves opposite, elliptic, branched from axillary buds, terminal heads, coaxial branches, vigorous growth.

(C) Biology/Ecology

The water peanut is a moisture-loving, fertilizer-loving amphibious perennial rooted herbaceous plant, with a high degree of fecundity, biomass, branching up to a few 10. In our country, water plant is mainly drought type, so it becomes a vicious weed that is more difficult to eliminate in our country.

Water peanut resistance is very strong: ① cold resistance, when the water temperature drops to 0 ℃ in winter, the surface of the plant frozen to death, the underwater part of the still have the power of life; ② salt tolerance, the grass can tolerate up to 10% of the brine solution, can tolerate 10% of the concentration of static seawater and 30% concentration of flowing seawater; ③ resistance to acid and alkali, can adapt to the pH 5-10; ④ anti-pollution, can be in the sewage environment in the growth of lush.

(D) the main hazards

The hazards of aquatic peanuts are mainly manifested in the following: ① the formation of thick mats on the waters, preventing the flow of water, blocking the channel, affecting the water traffic; ② strong reproduction and competitiveness, inhibit the growth of other plants, so that the community of species monoculture; ③ closed the water surface, resulting in respiratory difficulties, affecting the growth and fishing, so that a large number of fish ponds. growth and fishing, so that a large number of fishponds scrapped; ④ often attached to the eggs and larvae (caecilians, cysts) and other parasites of liver vermifuge, endangering the health of livestock; ⑤ in the farmland, orchards, vegetable gardens, mulberry gardens, nurseries, etc., the spread of underground stems in the form of a cobweb, and the plants compete for fertilizer and water, so that the yield is impaired, the severity of the more than 20%; ⑥ a large number of reproducing ditches in the field, so that the flow of water is poor, affecting the drainage of agricultural land; ⑦ invasive Parks, woodlands, rivers, lakes and other scenic areas, affecting tourism; ⑧ breeding mosquitoes and flies, endangering human health.

(E) prevention and control methods

1. Physical prevention and control: in the population density is small or newly discovered invasion of manual extraction; waters rely on artificial salvage; field mechanical cut.

2. Chemical control: the application of a greater number of glyphosate, Nonda, water peanut net and other herbicides. Herbicides are effective in the short term on the above-ground part, and will soon repopulate after control.

3. Biological control: the water peanut leaf beetle has specialized feeding on water peanuts. Its larvae and adults feed on the upper leaves of the peanut, and the mature larvae bore and nibble the stalks and pupate in the lower part of the stalks, preventing the growth of the internodes, destroying the plants and secreting poisonous substances to inhibit the growth of the plants. The continuous feeding of leaf beetles, resulting in the above-ground part can not grow, the underground part of the nutrient accumulation, so that the grass can be controlled.

In April to May each year, when the lowest temperature rises to above 10 ℃, about 200 heads of adult leaf beetles are released per acre, which can produce a good control effect on the water growing peanut in the water.

Environmental news information:

● Yichang organization grow citrus large households to learn agricultural surface pollution management technology. "Years ago the persistent low temperature, orange trees not only did not freeze, but also grow better than other places, how to plant?"

Recently, the city of Yichang City, agricultural ecology and resource protection station organized by the Star Xiang Agricultural Products Professional Cooperative Association of more than a hundred citrus farmers on-site training of agricultural surface pollution management technology.

● Shiyan City handles 1.83 million tons of livestock and poultry manure annually. By the end of 2017, the city's rural household biogas holdings reached 278,000 households, replacing about 11,800 tons of standard coal with fossil energy each year. The annual emission reduction of carbon dioxide is 31,400 tons. It has formed the capacity to handle 1.83 million tons of livestock and poultry waste per year, effectively managing livestock and poultry breeding pollution.

● Xianning Municipality mainly promotes seven models of weight loss, drug reduction and efficiency. Recently, Xianning City focused on discussing the implementation of the 2018 "two fine, two reduction and one efficiency" project. In 29 pilot villages, seven technical models of weight loss, drug reduction and efficiency enhancement are to be promoted.