19 12 years, American chemist Wilbur scovill developed a method for the determination of capsaicin in his pharmaceutical company. This test method was named "scovill Sensory Heat Test" after him, and the unit of heat was also translated into Gaubil unit (Shu).
Collect a large number of pepper varieties and spicy taste
There are quite a lot of kinds of peppers, and red peppers are hotter than green peppers in color. According to the size, the smaller the pepper, the hotter it is. As shown in the following figure, 1 is a dried pepper, which is in the state of dry red pepper, with more concentrated spicy degree and more spicy than ordinary red pepper; 2 is "small pepper", which is smaller and hotter than red pepper. 3 is the common red pepper in supermarkets and markets. 4, 5 and 6 are green pepper, glutinous rice pepper and horn pepper respectively. Their spicy degree decreases in turn. Glutinous rice pepper has wrinkled skin, which is often used for quick frying, and horn pepper is often used for making meat buns.
In addition to the long red pepper, there are also world-famous peppers commonly used in spicy dishes, from the initial horn pepper and green dragon pepper, intermediate morning pepper and Mexican pepper, to the necessary ghost pepper, scorpion pepper and chocolate pepper for super spicy dishes. Now let's see which hot girl spokespersons are there!
Moruga scorpion pepper (Moruga);
Origin: Havana, Cuba
Features: Although she is round and short, she looks like a rose petal. She won the title of the hottest girl in the world on 20 12!
Spicy degree: 1, 48 1, 000 Shu
Comments: the entrance guarantees 3 seconds of tears.
pepper
Place of production: Mexico
Features: Also known as Chicken Heart Pepper, it is the most popular spice girl group with bright red appearance and slim figure.
Spicy degree: 50000 ~ 100000 Shu
Comments: The entrance tongue will have a slight burning sensation, which is the first choice for many spicy lovers.
Sweet pepper (Qinglong pepper)
Origin: Central and South America
Features: also known as glutinous rice pepper, with wrinkled skin in the middle of the green, the appearance is not flattering, but the popularity is excellent.
Spicy degree: 0 ~ 5000 Shu
Comment: Children can accept it.
Chocolate pepper (chocolate Havana pepper)
Place of production: Mexico
Features: red to purple, named after the chocolate-like color, the spicy taste is as different as its appearance.
Spicy degree: 40000 ~ 500000 Shu
Comments: Bitter and spicy reach the forehead, but this kind of spicy comes and goes quickly.
bhut jolokia
Place of production: India
Features: also known as soul-destroying pepper, it is round but extremely spicy. In 2007, it won the world's first spicy sister throne.
Spicy degree: 1, 598,227 Shu
Comments: Take a sip and it will spread all over your body.
pepper
Origin: Central and South America
Features: tall and thin, seemingly amazing and spicy, but actually slightly spicy and popular.
Spicy degree: 15000 ~ 30000 Shu
Comments: The throat is slightly warm, but for spicy people, it only adds color and flavor to cooking.
Pepper
Place of production: Mexico
Features: short and thin, but very popular with foreigners, although not as popular as other sisters, but has its own unique flavor.
Spicy degree: 6000 ~ 8000 Shu
Comment: Raw food is also acceptable.
Besides! She is the hottest in the world.
Death pepper is named for its short shape and sickle-shaped tail.
General self-defense pepper spray 100 or so? 2 million Shu, police pepper spray mixed with various peppers, about 200? 3.3 million Shu. In 20 13, it was certified as the hottest pepper "Carolina Death" in the world by Guinness World Records, and the spicy degree of pepper was as high as 2.2 million SHU, but it was rare in the market.
Where does the chill come from?
The spicy taste of pepper comes from the seeds and meat of pepper. When cooking, cut the pepper in half and soak it in water, which can dilute the spicy taste of pepper meat in water and reduce the spicy taste.
In addition to soaking peppers in water, you can also remove pepper seeds with a knife to adjust the spicy degree.
Chili powder is spicy?
It is made by grinding dried peppers after air drying. Because Chili powder can be directly used for cooking, which is more convenient. In contrast, Chili powder is more spicy than dried Chili and big red pepper, and different texture of Chili powder is different according to different varieties.
Dried peppers are spicy?
Raw peppers are hard and spicy. Once you eat it, you can immediately feel the pleasure of spicy food running around in your body, but this pleasure comes and goes quickly. However, after baking and sun exposure, dried peppers mainly retain the aroma of peppers and lock the spicy degree. The entrance is soft and spicy, and it will reach the stomach through the throat, making people feel more spicy.
How to preserve fresh peppers?
Can fresh peppers be preserved for 5? 7 days, and the preservation method can be freezing or drying. Before freezing, the pepper is washed and dried, and then put into a plastic bag, which can extend the shelf life to one month. You don't need to thaw when cooking, just take out the peppers, which is more convenient for chopping and cooking. Dry preservation, just string the peppers with needle and thread and hang them in a ventilated place.
Pepper has a little knowledge
How to reduce the spicy feeling in the mouth?
The spicy feeling comes from capsaicin (also known as capsaicin) in pepper. At present, dairy products are the most effective way to relieve spicy taste, because dairy products contain protein named casein, which will combine with capsaicin that causes spicy taste, effectively reducing the burning sensation in the mouth, so milk, yogurt, etc. have a good effect of reducing spicy taste.
Eating Chili peppers is good for your health?
Pepper is rich in nutrients, such as vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, iron and dietary fiber. Among them, the vitamin C content of pepper ranks first among all vegetables, 100 g of fresh red pepper contains 144 mg of vitamin C, and there is another saying that eating spicy food can help sweat and promote body metabolism!
Pepper is a four-season crop?
Pepper belongs to Solanaceae, which is suitable for planting at 25 ~ 30℃ and can be harvested in about 3 months. Therefore, the climate in the north is relatively cool, so most of them are planted at the vernal equinox and harvested in autumn, and the temperature in the south is high, so they are usually planted in autumn and winter and harvested at the vernal equinox, so good peppers can be tasted all year round.