Jerusalem artichoke, also known as Jerusalem artichoke and Guizijiang. It is a perennial herb of Compositae. Take tuberous roots, stems and leaves as medicine. Has the effects of treating fever, diarrhea due to intestinal heat, and traumatic injury. Distributed in North China, East China, South China and Central China.
Jerusalem artichoke, alias ginger, Guizijiang, scientific name sunflower, belongs to the genus Panicum in Compositae. Jerusalem artichoke feeds on underground tubers. There are sporadic cultivation in all parts of our city. The tubers of Jerusalem artichoke are rich in inulin, which is a fructose polymer and has a certain auxiliary effect on diabetes. Extensive planting is promising.
1. Botanical characteristics: erect stems, with a plant height of 2-3m. It is oblate with irregular protrusions, and the underground tubers are irregular, spherical and spindle-shaped, with red, yellow or white peel. Classify varieties according to the skin color of tubers. The leaves are opposite at the base, alternate at the upper part of the stem, rectangular, sharp at the apex, rough on the leaf surface, hairy on the back, serrated on the edge and green. The petiole has narrow wings. There are many heads, which are born at the ends of branches, yellow, with tongue-shaped flowers around them, which are not easy to bear fruit, and tubular flowers are yellow. Achene is wedge-shaped and hairy, with 2 ~ 4 hairy flat awns at the upper end.
2. Requirements for environmental conditions: Jerusalem artichoke likes a slightly cool and dry climate, which is cold-resistant and drought-tolerant. Tubers germinate at 0 ~ 6℃ and emerge at 8 ~ 10℃. Because the underground tubers of Jerusalem artichoke can overwinter in the cold northern soil and germinate new plants in the next year, they are often mistaken for perennial crops. Its seedlings can tolerate the low temperature of 65438 0 ~ 2℃. Under the conditions of 18 ~ 22℃ and sunshine 12 hours, it is beneficial to tuber formation. Tubers can safely overwinter in the frozen soil at 25 ~ 30℃. Strong adaptability to soil, high yield can be obtained by cultivation in fertile and loose soil.
3. Cultivation techniques
(1) The propagation method is tuber propagation. After harvesting tubers in autumn and winter, choose 20-25g tubers for sowing or sand storage for seed preparation. You can also dig out tubers of the right size and sow them after the soil thaws in spring.
(2) Sowing in spring. Hole sowing or furrow sowing. The plant spacing is 50 square centimeters. Plant holes, dig loose soil, and sow after applying base fertilizer, but the base fertilizer should not be too much. The sowing depth is about 10 cm. After sowing, cover the soil and level the pit.
(3) Emerge about 1 month after field management. Appropriate topdressing and watering after emergence. Then intertillage weeds and cultivate the soil into low ridges. When it is not too dry, you don't need to water it again, and then water it until the tuber expands, in line with the principle of "seeing dry and seeing wet". If the stems and leaves grow too luxuriantly, the tops should be picked to promote tuber expansion. Jerusalem artichoke is rarely damaged by pests and diseases, so there is no need to use pesticides. Aphids may appear in extreme drought and can be eliminated by spraying water.
4. Harvest after autumn frost harvest. After harvesting and digging, it is cleaned up and taken out of the soil for marketing. If it is planted in idle land, if it is necessary to continue planting, small tubers can be selected and buried in the soil during excavation, and interplanting and replanting should be done in time after emergence in the next year.
5. Nutritional components and utilization of Jerusalem artichoke The edible rate of Jerusalem artichoke is 100%. Every 100g tuber contains 79.8g of water, 0. 1g of crude protein, 0. 1g of fat, 0. 16.6g of carbohydrate, 0.6g of crude fiber, 2.8g of ash and 49 of calcium. Vitamin b 10. 13 mg, vitamin b20.06 mg, nicotinic acid 0.6 mg, vitamin c 6 mg, and rich in inulin, pentosan, starch and other substances. Sweet, flat and non-toxic. It is beneficial to diuresis and dehumidification, harmonizing the middle energizer and benefiting the stomach, and has the function of clearing heat and detoxifying, so it is a diuretic. Jerusalem artichoke is widely used.
(1) used as vegetables.
(1) Fresh tubers can be fried or fried with shredded pork, which is crispy and delicious.
(2) Pickling: 50 kilograms of Jerusalem artichoke, washed to remove impurities, put in a crock, put a layer of Jerusalem artichoke and sprinkle with salt, with the salt content of 9 kilograms, and pour in a proper amount of water after putting it away. Pour the jar once a day and once two days later. /kloc-you can eat it in about 0/5 days. It tastes delicious and can be used as a side dish, which has a certain auxiliary effect on diabetes.
(2) Used for miscellaneous grains, feed or extracting starch, making alcohol, etc. Working feed can also be added to aboveground stems.
(3) Medicinal extract of inulin for treating diabetes. External application of mashed rhizome to treat unknown swelling and mumps. For dietotherapy, Jerusalem artichoke tuber 100g can be washed and chopped, and rice 100g can be washed, boiled with appropriate amount of water, and eaten after adding salt and sesame oil. Suitable for people with diabetes, edema and dysuria.