High-yield cultivation techniques of this crop

First, select improved varieties and rotate crops reasonably.

Popularizing and applying the improved varieties of this crop is the most effective way to increase the yield of this crop. Only by selecting improved varieties that are suitable for the environmental conditions in sugarcane areas, have good stress resistance and strong ratooning can high yield be obtained.

due to the long growth period, tall plants, high yield, high consumption of soil nutrients, long-term continuous cropping or perennial years, soil fertility declines, nutrients are out of balance, and diseases, weeds and pests are also serious. Reasonable rotation plays a great role in the stable and high yield of this crop, and there are two ways:

(1) rotation between paddy and upland can loosen the soil, make it difficult to harden, and benefit both sugarcane and rice;

(2) dry land rotation, in which short-term crops such as peanut, soybean, sesame, broad bean, sweet potato, corn and millet are planted after one year of new planting and one to two years of permanent roots, which is beneficial to improve soil physical properties.

2. Deeply cultivate sugarcane fields and apply base fertilizer again.

plow ploughing or mechanical subsoiling tillage is generally adopted. The former implements two plows and two harrows, plowing to 3 cm and harrowing the soil; The latter uses a hard soil breaker without plow wall to loosen the soil deeply, and the plow is 35 to 45 cm deep to the subsoil. Usually, base fertilizer is applied during soil preparation, mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Generally, 1 kg to 15 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure, 1 kg to 15 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate are evenly spread on sugarcane fields; You can also mix the soil and fertilizer and apply them in the sugarcane planting ditch before planting, and cover the soil while fertilizing, planting and planting.

Third, carefully select seeds, and soak them for disinfection.

select sugarcane stems that are stout, not hollow, not bushy, full of sugarcane buds and free from pests and diseases as seeds. Usually, a section of sugarcane tip 5 to 67 cm below the growth point is used as seed, and it is cut into single-bud, double-bud or multi-bud segments with a sharp knife, and the incision should be smooth to avoid breakage.

soaking seeds can enhance the water absorption capacity of seedlings, promote germination, and also kill some diseases and pests on seedlings, including soaking seeds with clear water, soaking seeds with 2% lime water and soaking seeds with chemicals. The soaking time of different methods is different, ranging from 1 to 2 hours long to 5 to 1 minutes short. The seeds can be soaked in 8 times solution of 5% carbendazim or thiophanate methyl for 5 to 6 minutes. Accelerating germination can shorten the time of seedling germination and improve the germination rate. There are two methods to accelerate germination: composting and sugarcane seed accumulation. The germination time is about 1 week. When the root points on the seedlings are prominent and the sugarcane buds swell up in a parrot's mouth shape, the seeds can be planted.

fourth, timely planting and deep ditch cultivation.

The crops are planted directly in the field and transplanted. According to the different planting dates, it is divided into three cultivation systems: planting sugarcane in spring, planting sugarcane in autumn and planting sugarcane in winter. Planting sugarcane in spring is between beginning of spring and Tomb-Sweeping Day. Proper early planting is beneficial to increase the yield of this crop. During the period from beginning of autumn to first frost, planting sugarcane in autumn should be neither too early nor too late, especially in the middle period. Planting sugarcane in winter is best when the temperature is high at both ends from the beginning of winter to beginning of spring, and when the temperature is low, it should be covered with plastic film to ensure the safe overwintering of sugarcane seedlings.

Deep furrow cultivation can ensure seedling germination in the early stage and soil moisture accumulation in the later stage, which is beneficial to growth and enhances drought resistance.

1. Deep ditch shallow seed method. The depth of the ditch is 54 cm. When planting, dig the bottom of the ditch for 7-1 cm, apply base fertilizer, plant the seeds, and then cover the soil for 1-15 cm. The effect is good.

2. Deep trench slab method. Planting seeds while planting sugarcane ditches. When digging sugarcane ditches in the second ditch, cover the seedlings in the first ditch with wet soil at the bottom of the ditch, and then compact them.

3. The method of planting soil in holes. Dig holes on the sloping land without tillage (or after ploughing for one time), and the cultivated soil excavated from the latter hole will be gathered in the former hole, and the deep raw soil will be weathered outside the hole, with the hole depth of 4 cm, the distance between holes of 1-12 cm and the hole diameter of 7-8 cm.

4. trough planting method. Deep trench along the contour line, and then close the ridge to form a groove. The depth and width of the groove are 3 cm each, and a 2 cm wide ridge is left every 1 to 2 cm to form a groove.

5. Reasonable close planting and covering with plastic film.

In dry land, the emergence rate of this crop is low, and there are few tillers, so the planting amount should be increased to ensure the effective stem number. The row spacing is 1 meter to 1.2 meters, which is 8% to 16% higher than the planting density of paddy fields. The amount of seeds planted is 12, to 135,7 effective buds per hectare, or 75, to 9, effective seedlings are transplanted. After planting new sugarcane, all pre-bud herbicides should be sprayed to seal the soil. Spray the planting ditch first, cover the film and then spray the film to expose the ground. Spraying 75ml atrazine and 15ml acetochlor on 9kg water evenly per hectare. The herbicide before germination should be sprayed on cloudy days and when the soil is wet. The efficacy can last for 5 days and the control effect can reach over 95%. Select the mulch film with a thickness of .5 mm and a width of 45 cm. Before covering the mulch film, it is required that the soil water holding capacity should be above 85%, the mulch film should be fully spread and close to both sides of the planting ditch, the edge should be pressed with broken soil, and the light transmission surface should be above 2 cm, so as to achieve the effect of warming and moisturizing.

Sixth, do a good job in nursing ratoon cane.

cane fields with high annual yield, uniform distribution of sugarcane plants and no diseases and insect pests should be selected for ratoon sugarcane. 7 to 1 days after cutting, the sugarcane leaves will be returned to the field alternately, and the ridges will be broken and loose. Sugarcane rows with broken ridges of more than 3 cm should be replanted or removed to make up for the lack of broken ridges. Loose stalks should thoroughly dig the soil around the sugarcane head, but do not dig away from the original position to ensure the germination of sugarcane buds. After applying base fertilizer, cover with plastic film and carry out chemical weeding in time.

7. check and replenish seedlings, topdressing and soil cultivation.

When the sugarcane field is inspected at the end of germination, it is found that there are more than 3 cm of missing plants, which need to be replanted. Combination of replanting and thinning.

It is advisable to use organic fertilizer combined with a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer for topdressing, usually 3 to 4 times. When applying "attacking seedling fertilizer", a small amount of 3 cm can promote tillering; When applying "tillering fertilizer", the tiller can be protected by cultivating the soil 6 cm in the middle; When applying "stem-tapping fertilizer", it can inhibit tillering by cultivating the soil 2 to 3 cm; Some high-yield sugarcane fields need to be supplemented with "strong tail fertilizer" and high soil cultivation, which can effectively prevent lodging and lay the foundation for the cultivation of ratoon sugarcane in the next year.

8. intertillage weeding and reasonable irrigation and drainage.

after the crop is closed, weeds should be eliminated in time. Manual weeding and intertillage are carried out at the same time. Tillage after rain can reduce soil water evaporation, increase yield by 28.8% and sugar by 3.6%. Using chemical herbicides instead of manual weeding can reduce the times of tillage and fertilization, so that the soil is less disturbed and destroyed, and it also has the effect of water conservation and drought resistance.