Su Shi (1037 ~111), the second Su Dongpo, also known as "Dongpo lay man", died at the age of 64. According to historical records, Su Shi was more than eight feet and one inch long (186cm) and had an open mind. Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan) is a native of Han nationality, the eldest son of Su Xun, a famous writer, painter, poet and lyricist in the Northern Song Dynasty, and a representative of bold poets. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his brother Su Zhe. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge. Disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, opposition to the implementation of the new law, self-employment, and imprisonment for General Hangzhou. Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) an assistant ambassador. He was placed in this state and was not allowed to sign books or official documents. Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Four months later, he was transferred to the doctor of does; Before the end of his term of office, in addition to his daily life, he moved to the Sheren of Zhongshu, moved to the Hanlin bachelor's office, and learned about the imperial edict and the tribute of the Ministry of Rites. Yuan You went out to know Hangzhou in four years (1089), and later changed to know Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), he was demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and later joined Changhua Army (now Danzhou, Hainan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne, was forgiven and returned to the north. Zhong Jian Yuan (11kloc-0/) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) and was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now jia county, Henan) at the age of 66. He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. "Three Sus" are three of the eight famous prose writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe (Su Xun is Su Shi's father and Su Shi is Su Zhe's brother), Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty. (divided into two Tang families and six Song families). As an outstanding poet, he created a bold style of ci, and was called "Su Xin" with the outstanding poet Xin Qiji. In poetry, he and Huang Tingjian are both called "Su Huang". Su Shi's works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Politically, it belongs to the old party with Sima Guang as its leader. He has great attainments in calligraphy, and is called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang.
Su Shi's life
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), 21-year-old Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination in the imperial court. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites, won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with an article "On Rewarding Loyalty with Punishment", but mistakenly won the second place among the top students in high school.
In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called the "three-year Beijing Examination", and got the third grade, and was awarded the title of "First in a Hundred Years" by Fengxiangfu Judge. Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after his term of office, and he was still appointed. When he entered the DPRK as an official, it was the time when the political crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty began to appear, and the crisis was hidden behind the prosperity. At this time, Zongshen acceded to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty.
On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people. He disagreed with Wang Anshi's participation in politics. He thought that the new law could not be convenient for the people, so he wrote a letter against it. As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. Outstanding achievements, won the hearts of the people.
This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi arrived in Huzhou for less than three months, and was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law, which is known as Wutai Poetry Case.
Su Shi was in prison 103 days, almost on the verge of being beheaded. Thanks to the national policy of not killing literati during the Mao period in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi escaped.
After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Yong Lian of Huangzhou Regiment (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is quite humble, and at this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this prison. In his spare time, he led his family to cultivate a slope in the east of the city and make up for his livelihood by farming. The nickname "Dongpo lay man" was coined by Su Shi at this time.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away.
Zhezong ascended the throne, the high queen mother listened to politics, the new party forces fell, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as prime minister. So Su Shi was recalled to North Korea as a doctor by the Ministry of Rites in 1998. I was promoted to Mr. Sheren in the previous dynasty, Mr. Sheren in Zhongshu three months later, and soon to imperial academy.
As the saying goes, "Beijing officials are not easy to be." Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law. He thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and once again offered advice and suggestions to the emperor.
So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for a transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou after a long absence 16 to serve as the prefect. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredged the West Lake, and built a dam beside the West Lake with dredged silt, which is the famous "Su Causeway".
Wutai poetry case
During the reign of Zaixi Ning in Song Shenzong (1068 ~ 1077), Wang Anshi actively participated in the reform. After the failure of political reform, he was engaged in political reform in Yuanfeng period (1078 ~ 1085). At the turning point from political reform to system reform, Su Shi's Wutai poetry case happened. The case was first reported by Li Ding, the censor, and then tried in Yushitai prison. There has been a "Wutai" posthumous title in Yushitai since the Han Dynasty, so this case is called "Wutai Poetry Case".
During the period of Northern Song Shenzong, Su Shi expressed his dissatisfaction with the New Deal because he opposed the new law. Because he was the leader of the literary world at that time, allowing Su Shi's poems to spread in the society was very unfavorable to the implementation of the New Deal. So, with Zongshen's acquiescence, Su Shi was arrested in Wutai for four months, and he was forced to explain the source of his poems and the allusions in his words every day.
Due to the practice of not killing scholar-officials in Song Dynasty, Su Shi survived his death, but was demoted to be the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Yingyong. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi moved to Huzhou (Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province). In July, Huangfu Zun and others sent by Yushitai were arrested and imprisoned. They accused Su Shi of distorting the facts and slandering the imperial court in his poems. , He, Shu Qi and others quoted Su Shi's poem "Hangzhou Chronicle" as evidence, saying that he "played with the imperial court and mocked state affairs", and even dug out a sentence or two from his other poems and convicted him out of context, such as: "Reading thousands of books without reading the law made you know nothing about Yao and Shun". It turned out that Su Shi said that he knew nothing about the law. For another example, "if the East China Sea has a clear idea, it should be taught to turn brine into mulberry fields", saying that he is accusing the water conservancy construction of being wrong. In fact, Su Shi himself built water conservancy projects in Hangzhou. How could he think that was wrong? Another example is "Shao said that he forgot to understand the taste, and there was no salt in recent March", saying that he was satirizing the prohibition of people from selling salt. To sum up, it is concluded that he dared to ridicule the emperor and the prime minister, which was a heinous crime and should be put to death.
Su Shi was tortured in Yushitai, and he admitted that he was born to die. In the end, I will survive my death. On February 28th of that year/KLOC-0, Meng's gift was sentenced to exile in Huangzhou (Huanggang County, Hubei Province). Su Shi was detained for nearly a hundred days and then released from Yushitai prison. Later generations compiled the statement and confession of this case into a Wutai Poetry Case. Wutai is a jade platform. "Zhu Hanbo Chuan Shi": "At that time, well water in more than 100 areas of Wu's official residence dried up; In addition, there are cypress trees in his home, and thousands of wild owls often inhabit them. In the morning, they go to dusk, which they call morning and evening. " Later generations took Master Yu as Five Blessingg and Yu Shitai as Wutai. Because the initiators of this case are all officials of Yushitai, including Cheng, Cheng and who supervised Yushitai (the trainee history of Yushitai), it is called "Wutai Poetry Case".
In addition to the above-mentioned "trumped-up charges", it is said that Su Shi also offended the then prime minister Wang Anshi. It was recorded in people's notes at that time. It is said that when Su Shi was a minister of rites in the imperial court, he went to Wang Anshi's study Wu Zhai one day to find Wang Anshi. When Wang Anshi was away, Su Shi saw a poem written in only two sentences on the Wuzhai table-"The bright moon crows several times, and the yellow dog lies in his heart."
Su Dongpo looked and looked, wondering. How do you call the bright moon in the branches? How can a yellow dog lie on a flower heart? Thought it was wrong. So I changed my pen and changed the poem to "The bright moon shines in the sky and the yellow dog lies in the shade". After Wang Anshi came back, he was extremely dissatisfied with Su Shi's revision of his poems and demoted him to Hepu. After Su Dongpo arrived in Hepu, one day, he went out for a walk and saw a group of children around a pile of flowers, shouting, "Yellow dog Rollo, black dog Rollo, come out quickly!" Rollo, rollo rollo. "Out of curiosity, Su Dongpo went over and asked the child what to shout. The child said, let's tell the bug to come out quickly so as to catch it. Su Dongpo looked closely at the flower and saw several yellow and black insects as big as sesame crawling in the stamen. Ask the child again what kind of bug is this? The child said: yellow dog bug, black dog bug. Su Dongpo left the flowers and came to a banyan tree. He met a crisp birdsong and asked others, what is this birdsong? Others replied: this is called the bright moon bird. At this time, Su Dongpo suddenly realized that he had wrongly corrected Wang Anshi's poems. The authenticity of this record can no longer be verified. From a historical point of view, it seems that Wang Anshi's punishing Su Shi and correcting two poems by mistake is not the real reason why Wang Anshi hates Su Shi. The essential reason is that Su Shi opposed Wang Anshi's political reform. So Su Shi will have a bad career.
Poetic style
1 July, 079, Su Shi took office in Huzhou, was convicted and imprisoned for Wutai Poetry, and was exiled to Huangzhou in the following year1month. Before the poem case happened, Su Shi had served as a judge in Hangzhou in 107 1 and had outstanding achievements. Generally speaking, his poetry works are free and easy in the desert, but in content, they mostly point to official life to express political pride. After the poetry case, although there were times when I was a bachelor of official Hanlin, there were few bold and unrestrained embarrassment in my works, but more and more people turned to the understanding of nature and life. As for living in Danzhou, Huizhou in his later years, his indifferent and broad-minded state of mind is even more obvious. As soon as he inherited the style of Huangzhou's works, he converged all his life, and I moved things freely to achieve a suddenly quiet environment.
Taking Wutai Poetry Case as the boundary, Su Shi's poetry works have both inheritance and obvious differences in creation. Behind the "going home" complex that runs through, we can see that the poet's brushwork has gradually turned from the gratuitous sigh of teenagers to the helplessness of middle age and the broadmindedness of old age-getting older, more mature and more plain.
First of all, as far as the subject matter is concerned, Su Shi's early works mainly reflect his "specific political worries", while his later works focus on his "broad life worries", taking evil as his enemy, and when it comes to evil, he will "vomit as a fly in Taiwan Province". His flowing works triggered the Wutai poetry case. Huangzhou's relegated life made him "ironic and cruel, sharp in writing style, nervous and angry, all of which disappeared and replaced by a brilliant, warm, kind, tolerant and harmonious understanding." Very sweet, very mature, very thorough and deep. "
Secondly, culturally, Confucianism was advocated in the early stage and Taoism in the later stage.
In the early stage, he had a sense of social responsibility advocated by Confucianism and was deeply concerned about the sufferings of the people; Later, especially after being demoted twice, he advocated Taoist culture more and returned to Buddhism in an attempt to get rid of religion. Inspired by Buddhism's "normal mind is the Tao", he lived a real peasant life in Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou, and enjoyed it.
Thirdly, in style, the previous works are magnificent and unrestrained, like a flood bursting its banks and spilling thousands of miles; Later works are ethereal and meaningful, simple and light as deep willows, and the flowers in Pak Lei are far away.
As far as ci is concerned, there are not many works that really belong to the bold style. According to Mr. Zhu Jinghua's statistics, similar works accounted for about one-tenth of all Su Shi's poems, and most of them were concentrated in Xuzhou, Mizhou, which was the mainstream of creation at that time. Although these works are not dominant in quantity, they truly reflect Su Shi's positive attitude towards being an official at that time. Some later works have both the style of local people's feelings and the charm of hospitality. For example, it is almost all-encompassing, colorful and lyrical, remembering the scenery, nostalgic feelings, giving gifts away, pastoral scenery and talking about Zen. This part accounts for about nine times out of ten of all Su Shi's poems, among which Zhuangzi and become a butterfly are very fond of forgetting me. At this point, he expelled all dissatisfaction with reality and politics, hysterical rants, and criticisms that criticized the shortcomings of the times. Its subject matter is more and more extensive, and its style is more and more plain and far-reaching.
Su Shi's anecdotes
3. Dongpo meat
When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, there was a famous jingle in Pork Fu: "Huangzhou is a good pork, but the price is worthless. The rich refuse to eat, and the poor don't know how to cook. Slow down the fire, less water, and it will look good when the fire is full. Get up and play a bowl every day, and you are too full to care. " Here, "slow fire, less water, good-looking after enough fire" is the famous Dongpo meat cooking method. Su Dongpo was later appointed as the governor of Hangzhou, building Su Causeway and building water conservancy projects, which was deeply loved by the people. And this "Dongpo Meat" followed closely, and became famous in Hangzhou, becoming a famous local dish.
4. Su Shi checked out
Su Shi lives in Changzhou. He spent his last savings and bought a house. He is preparing to move in another day. By chance, he heard an old woman crying very sadly. He asked the old woman why she was crying. The old woman said that she had a house that had been handed down for a hundred years and was sold by unfilial descendants. She cried very sadly. Looking carefully, it turns out that the house that Su Shi bought is the ancestral home that the old woman said. So Su Shi said to her, "I sold Yi's former residence, so there is no need to feel deeply distressed. Now it's time to return the house to Yi. " Su Shi immediately burned the deed and rented a house. (See Zhou's "Liang Manzhi")
5, poetry to eat
When Su Shi was twenty years old, he went to Beijing for scientific research. Six conceited juren looked down on him and decided to invite Su Shi to dinner for the next dish, intending to Doby him. Su Shi went with pleasure after receiving the invitation. Before the chopsticks are moved, everyone puts forward a drinking order. The content of the drinking order must quote historical figures and events, so that you can eat a dish by yourself. The other five people cheered. "I'll go first." The elder said, "Jiang Ziya is fishing in Weishui!" Then I took a plate of fish. "Qin Changan sells horses!" The second one proudly took the horse meat away. "To Tu Thanh is herding sheep in Beihu Lake!" The third man took the mutton without weakness. "Zhang Yide Zhuoxian sells meat!" The fourth reached out and barbecued. "Guan Yunchang Jingzhou scraping bones!" The fifth one couldn't wait to take the bone. "Zhuge Liang grows vegetables in Longzhong!" The sixth proudly picked up the last green vegetable. When all the dishes were served and six juren were happily preparing to laugh at Su Shi while eating, Su Shi unhurriedly sang "Qin Shihuang annexed six countries!" "Say that finish, he put all six dishes in front of him and said with a smile," Brothers, please! " Six juren stupefied.
Step 6 be successful
When Su Shi took the Beijing exam, Ouyang Xiu, a famous literary master in the Northern Song Dynasty, presided over the exam. When he was examining and approving the paper, he was fascinated by Su Shi's gorgeous and superb writing style. In order to prevent favoritism, the papers at that time were all anonymous. Therefore, although Ouyang Xiu wanted to choose this article as the first, he felt that this article was very similar to that written by his favorite pupil Ceng Gong, and he was afraid of falling behind the crowd, so he finally rated the second. It was not until the list was published that Ouyang Xiu knew that the author of the article was Su Shi. After learning the truth, Ouyang Xiu regretted it, but Su Shi didn't care at all. Ouyang Xiu admired Su Shi's generosity and outstanding talent: "Such a young talent should really make him stand out from the crowd!" And officially accepted Su Shi as an apprentice.
7. Family reunion
After the second place in Su Shi's high school, the three sons of Su Shi and the people who are famous for their "three difficulties" gathered in the garden to celebrate. Su Xun, the father of Su Shi, put forward the word "Leng Xiang", and both of them wrote two poems, which would suit the situation at that time. In order to take the lead, Sue walked slowly to the edge of the flower pond, chanting: "Water flows cold from the stone, and wind comes from flowers." Ziyou stood up and picked a Toona sinensis, flicked his fingers and said, "Cold words are unknown, and plum blossoms are full of fingers." My little sister also went to pick flowers, and I wanted to laugh at him for imitating himself, but my little sister said, "Make the cuckoo's throat cold, and stay in the flowers and have a dream." Say that finish spread out the palm, a butterfly has been trampled to death. The characteristics of the daughter were exposed, and everyone cheered in unison. Su Shi brushed a stone bench and rode away. Su Laoquan shouted: "My son, don't leave until you answer." After saying his word, Su Shi screamed: "The clothes are cold when brushing stones, and the horseshoe fragrance is gone when stepping on flowers"!
8. Make cakes to worship Buddha
Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian live in Jinshan Temple. One day, they made bread to eat. They agreed not to tell the Fo Yin monk in the temple about the cake fight. After a while, the cake was ready. They counted it, first presented it to Guanyin Bodhisattva, bowed down and prayed diligently. Unexpectedly, Fo Yin had been hidden in God's account in advance. When they knelt down to pray, they reached out and stole two cakes. When Su Shi finished worshipping, he got up and saw that two cakes were missing. Then he knelt down and prayed, "Guanyin Bodhisattva is amazing. She ate two cakes. Why didn't she come out to see him? " Fo Yin replied in his account: "If I had noodles, I would cook something with you. How dare I bother you? "
9. Sing poems and enjoy the moon
Su Dongpo is in Hangzhou and likes to make friends with monks in West Lake Temple. He and monk Fo Yin of Jinshan Temple are best friends. They often make jokes while drinking and reciting poems. Monks in Fo Yin are delicious. Whenever Su Dongpo treats guests at a banquet, he always comes uninvited. One night, Su Dongpo invited Huang Tingjian to visit the West Lake, and many tables and drinks were prepared on board. When the cruise ship left the shore, Su Dongpo smiled and said to Huang Tingjian, "Fo Yin will come to every party. Tonight, we will take a boat to the lake to drink, sing poems and have a good time. He can't come anyway. " Who knows that Fo Yin monk learned that Su Dongpo was going to travel with Huang Tingjian, so he hid under the cabin board before they boarded the ship. The bright moon is in the sky, the cool breeze is refreshing, and the lotus fragrance is full of lakes. The cruise ship slowly came to the three towers of the West Lake. Su Dongpo raised his glass, smoothed his beard and said happily to Huang Tingjian, "Today, without Fo Yin, we are quiet. Let's start by ordering wine. The first two sentences should be immediate, and the last two sentences should end with the word' in'. " Huang Tingjian said, "All right!" Su Dongpo said first: "What can the sky say when the clouds open and the moon shines?" ? What is the sky saying? Huang Tingjian looked at the lotus in the lake and said, "Li Anping pushed it away and swam out. This is a good thing!" ! Get what you want! "
At this time, Fo Yin couldn't help being pressed under the deck. As soon as he heard Huang Tingjian's words, he pushed open the deck and climbed out, saying, "Push the deck open and Fo Yin will come out. What a pity! Hey! " Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were startled to see a man suddenly climb out from under the planking. When they looked carefully, it turned out to be Fo Yin. When they heard him say such four poems, they couldn't help laughing. Su Dongpo took Fo Yin and sat down and said, "You hid well. You are right. You ate again today! " So, the three of them enjoyed the moon and swam around the lake, talking and laughing.
10, Dongpo fish
Su Shi is not only a master of literature, but also good at food. Besides Dongpo elbow, Su is also good at cooking fish, and his fish is a must. Once, Su Shi was very happy. He cooked his own fish, only boiled it. He saw Huang Tingjian come in through the window (Huang Tingjian is one of the four major fonts in ancient China and a close friend of Su Shi. They often take pleasure in quarrelling. Knowing that he came to wipe the rice again, he quickly hid the fish on the top of the cabinet. Huang Tingjian came in and said, "Today, I asked Brother Zi Zhan, dare I ask Su Shi how to write Su?" Su Shi responded with a long face: "Su Zhe, there is grass on the left and fish on the right." Huang Tingjian added: "Can you put this fish on the right?" Su Shi said, "Not bad." Huang Tingjian went on to say, "Is this fish ok?" Su Shi said, "How can fish be put on it?" Huang Tingjian pointed to the top of the cabinet and said with a smile, "Since Brother Zi Zhan knows this truth, why do you put fish on it?" ! "Su Shi, who has always been witty, was completely beaten by Huang Tingjian this time!
1 1, fruits and medicines
Shortly after Su Shi's marriage, he was invited to visit Huang Tingjian's house. When he got there, the servant came and told him to go back at once, saying that his wife was in a hurry. Huang Tingjian sneered and intoned, "Fortunately, it is early (apricot, jujube, plum) and calm (Cistanche deserticola is Chinese medicine)." This sentence contains three fruit names and one medicine name. Su Shi got into the saddle and walked away without looking back. As he walked, he said, "This thing (apples, sugar cane, persimmons) must be angelica (angelica is the name of Chinese medicine)." Dongpo's talent is really admirable.
12, a line of life and death
After Su Shi went to prison, Zongshen sent a little eunuch to pretend to be a prisoner and sleep with Dongpo to test whether he hated the son of heaven. When eating during the day, the little eunuch teased him with words. Su Shi ate with relish and replied, "No matter the weather thunders and thunders, my heart will not move!" " "At night, he fell asleep, and the little eunuch quipped," Isn't it a pity that Sue sleeps in such a bed? " Su Shi ignored it and snored and answered. The next morning, the little eunuch woke him up and said, "Congratulations, your Excellency, you have been pardoned. "You know, that night was extremely dangerous. As long as Su Shi has a little complaint and a little strange behavior of eating badly and sleeping uneasily, he is in jeopardy. In fact, Emperor Zongshen was also a fool. How could it be impossible to send a eunuch to take refuge in Su Shi's information?
14, "bones" are not cold.
One day, Su Shi and Fo Yin visited Slender West Lake by boat. Master Fo Yin suddenly took out a fan with Dongpo's lay poems written on it, threw it into the river and shouted, "Running Dongpo's poems (corpses)!" Su Shi was stunned at that time, but soon smiled and pointed to a dog gnawing bones on the river bank, chanting: "Dogs gnaw bones on the river bank (monks)!"
15, Dongpo eats grass
In his spare time, Su Shi visited Master Fo Yin in Jinshan Temple. I didn't expect the master to be away, so a little novice monk opened the door. Su Shi proudly said, "Where is the bald donkey? ! "。 Little novice monk calmly pointed to the distance and replied, "Dongpo eats grass!" " "
16, allied forces retreat.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song people led an invasion of Liao. However, the imperial court, which was bent on seeking peace, attracted the envoys of Liao State and sent a pair of couplets, asking the Song people to answer correctly: three lights, the sun, the moon and the stars. If you are allied, you will withdraw your troops and make peace. This couplet looks simple, but it is not easy to get it right. The number in the sentence is the same as the number after it, and the number selected in the sentence corresponds to three things more or less. Su Shi, who happened to return to Beijing to report on his work, skillfully combined the upper and lower couplets into one: four poems, elegant and ode. This couplet has only three names in four poems, because there are "Ya" and "Ya" in the Book of Songs, which are collectively called "Ya". In addition, there are four parts: "national style" and "ode to poetry", so the Book of Songs is also called "Four Books". The punch line is natural, and Liao admires it to the extreme.
17, three people must have a teacher.
One day, Su Shi, his sister and Huang Tingjian enjoyed these paintings. It's interesting to see the title above: the breeze is fine and the willows are fine, and the plum blossoms are pale. Look, it's a four-character couplet, but there is a word in the middle. Miss Jie suggested adding words in the middle to become a five-character couplet. Huang Tingjian caught it right: dancing in the wind and hiding plum blossoms in the bright moon. Su Shi fills in: The breeze shakes the willows, and the bright moon reflects the plum blossoms. Miss Jie thought for a moment, responded immediately, and filled in the words to make it become: the breeze helps the willows, and the plum blossoms are defeated in the bright moon. Throughout the three-person couplets, Xiaomei is the most important: the word "Fu" not only describes the softness of the wind and the exquisiteness of the willow, but also the intimacy between the wind and the willow, which is more vivid; The word "lost" is also more appropriate than the word "hidden", which not only emphasizes the bright moonlight, but also takes into account the cleanliness of plum blossoms, highlighting the fusion of the two, which is more consistent and appropriate.
18, man's plan
Fo Yin, Su Shi's best friend. Although he is a monk, he never avoids wine and meat. On this day, Fo Yin fried fish and drank wine, which happened to be the day when Su Shi visited. Fo Yin quickly hid the fish under the big fish. Su Shi had already smelled the fishy smell, but he didn't see it when he entered the door. He remembered that he had been cheated by Huang Ting that day. He changed his subject and deliberately said, "Today, I came to ask the master, what is the next sentence of Xiangmendi Changchun?" Fo Yin was deeply surprised. His old friend read a well-known old sentence, so he blurted out the following sentence: A good family is more than just a celebration. Su Shi clapped his hands and smiled: "Since there are fish (surplus) in Qing (Qing), let's accumulate some goodness and share it with everyone."
19, Wushan River
On one occasion, Su Shi made an appointment with his brother Su Zhe and his master Fo Yin. The three of them traveled together, and Fo Yin improvised a sentence: There is no mountain like Wushan. The key lies in the homonym of "nothing" and "witch". Su Zhe is right: he is mellow in Ye Can. When Su Shi heard this, he said to his younger brother: It is certainly good to use the homonym of "Hehe" to express "Wu Wu", but wouldn't it be better to change it to this: What water can be as clear as a river? Hearing this, Fo Yin and Su Zhe agreed, saying that "water" is better than "mountain" and more stable in processing.
0. Li Anqi Xiaomei
Su Shi, who hasn't met her friends for a long time, invited Huang Tingjian to visit her home. When my sister saw my brother go out to meet him personally, she made a joke and said, "My brother is invited outside for two months.". Su Shi knew that Xiaomei was joking with herself and immediately said that Xiaomei was catching half the wind at the window. "Half" versus "double" and "wind" versus "moon". Interestingly, the traditional "wind" in China means that half wind means "lice", which means that little sister is catching lice by the window. Little sister turned away angrily.
2 1, Christine and Christine
After Su Shi was reinstated, he told Huang Tingjian: "When I was in prison, three meals a day were still very sweet. It's delicious on earth! " . When Huang Tingjian asked what "three white rice" meant, Su Shi replied: "A pinch of salt, a dish of raw radish and a bowl of rice is" three white rice. " Su Shi has forgotten this matter. One day, I received an invitation from Huang Tingjian to invite Su Shi to his house for dinner. Su Shi readily kept the appointment and said to his wife, "Huang Tingjian is a contemporary bachelor and has a wide reading. He must have very little food. But when Su Shi got to the place, he found that there was only salt, radish and rice on the table, and he suddenly realized that it was teased by Huang Tingjian. A few days later, Huang Tingjian also received an invitation from Su Shi, inviting him to have a meal. Huang Tingjian knew that Su Shi wanted revenge, but he was curious and wanted to know what the meal was, and finally went. Su Shi accompanied Huang Tingjian from morning till night in Shanghai and carried Huang Tingjian's chest on his back because of hunger. I really can't help eating. Su Shi replied slowly: "salt is hairy (m m m o, meaning" no "), radish is hairy, and rice is hairy. Isn't it just a "meal" In fact, you have been enjoying it. " Huang Tingjian consternation, two people laugh at the same time.
24. Go to Beijing for an exam
Legend has it that Su Dongpo took a boat to catch the exam in the Song Dynasty in his early years, and missed the time to start the exam because of a storm on the way. At first, the examiners were not allowed to admit Su Dongpo. Later, after listening to Sue's complaints, I felt sorry, so I recited a pair of couplets and begged him to be right. If he is right, he makes an exception and allows him to take the exam. The contact information of the examiner is: "A small boat, carrying two or three candidates, walked by water for four or five days, and fell to Jiujiang, ten minutes late." Su Dongpo deserves to be a genius. After a little thinking, he answered the second couplet: "Ten years of cold window, read 98 volumes of poetry books, rushed through 765 examination rooms, and went to the second door four times and three times, so I had to enter." Use the order of sentences, and use the reverse order of sentences. It is a coincidence that there are scenes, processes, experiences, twists and turns without being rigid.
26. I can't bear to break up
According to legend, Su Shi invited his neighbors to dinner. There was a plate of fried sparrows on the table, a total of four, and the guest rudely ate three, leaving 1. At this time, the neighbor said to Su Shi, "There is 1 left. Eat it! " Su Shi said: "I don't have the heart to break them up. You'd better eat them! "
27. Su Shi and noodles
Su Shi was demoted to Hainan and his younger brother Su Zhe was demoted to Leizhou. On May 1 1, they met Fujitsu and went to a roadside shop to eat noodles. Su Shi is broad-minded and open-minded, but he can improvise in a melancholy situation. In a blink of an eye, he had eaten up the bowl of noodles that were "too thick to eat", while Su Zhe put down his chopsticks after eating only a few mouthfuls and sighed. Su Shi joked and teased him: "Do you still want to savor it?"
Writing style
Su Shi's ci style can be divided into three categories:
1, bold style. This is the ideal style that Su Shi deliberately pursues. He combined his words with passionate and even sad feelings, and wrote characters with generous and heroic images and magnificent scenes to win.
2. Open-minded style. This is the most representative of Su Shi's thought and personality characteristics.
3. Elegant style. The number of Su Shi's graceful words accounts for an absolute proportion in his total number of words. These words are pure and profound in feelings and healthy and lofty in style, and they are also the inheritance and development of traditional graceful words.