Why?
This article is a text summary + edited version of an issue of Zhihu Live "Organic Agriculture VS Genetically Modified Breeding". If you are interested, please listen to this live: Live entrance: Zhihu Live - Brand new real-time Q&A 1. What is organic agriculture/organic food?
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"Organic food" is a set of certification standards. There is no globally unified standard for organic food. Organic certification in the United States, the European Union, and Japan can mutually recognize each other. China's organic certification is an independent system. In general, organic food must meet these conditions: No.
The use of chemically synthesized pesticides, fertilizers, hormones, additives, etc. The land used to grow crops using sustainable agricultural technology requires a conversion period of three consecutive years. The use of genetic engineering technology (GMO) is not allowed and requires certification. China's certification system is divided into organic foods.
, green food, pollution-free food and ordinary food: 2. The history of organic agriculture In 1924, the Austrian philosopher Dr. Rudolf Steiner (Biodynamic Agriculture) proposed biodynamic agriculture. Rudolf Steiner’s biodynamic agriculture came from
Based on his philosophical concept "anthroposophy", he also founded Waldorf education and is still spreading the concept of "anthroposophy".
Biodynamic Agriculture proposed by Rudolf is a bit metaphysical and mystical. From the standard, biodynamic agriculture is higher than the standard of organic food. Today, it needs DEMETER certification to be considered as biodynamic agricultural products.
This concept is still popular in some places today. For example, some wineries adopt the concept of biodynamic farming methods to make wine.
Why does biodynamic farming have a metaphysical meaning? You can look at the horns in the lower right corner of the picture above. Believers of biodynamic farming believe that cow dung and silica are put into the horns and buried in the ground in the summer.
After several months, the cow dung and silica are taken out, diluted and used as fertilizer. This method can enhance the vitality of the soil.
In 1940, the term organic was first proposed. In 1962, Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring". In 1990, the United States began to implement the "Organic Food Act." In 2004, the China Certification and Accreditation Administration issued and implemented
Trial Standard - "Organic Food Certification Specifications" 3. Modern agricultural technology 4. Is organic food more nutritious?
5. Organic food does not use pesticides?
Organic agriculture uses organic pesticides and does not apply chemical pesticides. This does not mean that there are fewer harmful substances in food, such as E. coli, mycotoxins, etc.
6. Is organic farming better for the environment?
7. Organic agriculture vs GMO technology If organic agriculture is a concept, then GMO technology is just a tool. If this GMO tool can conform to the organic concept, why can't organic agriculture embrace GMO technology?
8. Organic food vs traditional food vs genetically modified food, how to choose?
(Personal opinion) Live entrance: Zhihu Live - a new real-time Q&A Live Introduction I am Mr. Dachangzhao, a fourth-year doctoral student in the Department of Plant Breeding at Wageningen University (Wageningen UR) in the Netherlands, specializing in potato late blight resistance.
Breeding.
I have written some popular science answers related to genetic modification and plant breeding on Zhihu. I am also the author of the Zhihu one-hour series of e-books "Potato Domestication" and "Studying Plant Breeding at University of Virginia".
Recently, Cui Yongyuan opened an online store selling "safe, healthy, non-GMO" agricultural products, which caused heated discussions on the Internet. Let's not discuss the inflated prices and stolen pictures. Do you know what organic agriculture/food is?
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Does organic food mean "natural, safe, without any chemical pesticides or fertilizers"?
Is organic farming really opposed to genetically modified breeding?
In addition, is the mall opened by Xiao Cui really selling organic food?
This live will introduce and compare traditional agriculture, organic agriculture, and modern high-tech agriculture (including but not limited to genetically modified technology), so that you can have a better understanding and choose food with more confidence.
This Live mainly includes the following content? Starting from Cui Yongyuan’s online store? What is organic agriculture/food?
? What is genetically modified breeding, and what are the genetically modified foods we may eat?
? Are organic agriculture and modern agriculture, including genetically modified technology, antagonistic?
? Organic agriculture vs modern agriculture? How should consumers choose with confidence?
? Q&A session### Organic products are defined as an ecological production management system that is conducive to increasing biodiversity, biological cycle systems and soil biological activity, aiming to maintain and enhance ecological harmony.
Relevant U.S. regulations stipulate that the growth of organic food cannot use synthetic pesticides, growth hormones, antibiotics, genetically modified technology, chemical fertilizers or sewage sludge.
To ensure soil fertility, methods such as crop rotation, alternating tillage and cultivation, planting cover crops, and the use of natural fertilizers are often adopted.