China first called the first day of the first lunar month "New Year's Day". Yuan means "beginning" and "beginning", which means "day". New Year's Day is collectively called "the initial day", that is, the first day of the year. The date of the first day of the first month was also very different before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, the new year's day of the past dynasties is not consistent. Meng Xiyue (January) is the first month in the summer calendar of Xia Dynasty, twelfth month (December) in the Yin calendar of Shang Dynasty and winter month (November) in the Zhou calendar. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he took Yangchunyue (October) as the first month, that is, the first day of October was New Year's Day. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was stipulated that Meng Xiyue (January) was the first month, and the first day of Meng Xiyue (the first day of the first month in the summer calendar) was called New Year's Day, which was used until the end of the Qing Dynasty. But this is the summer calendar, that is, the lunar calendar or lunar calendar, and it is not what we call New Year's Day today. In 1911, the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China. In order to "follow the agricultural season, follow the western calendar, and make statistics", the first year of the Republic of China decided to use the Gregorian calendar (actually used in 1912) and stipulated that January 1 of the Gregorian calendar (Gregorian calendar) was called "New Year's Day", but it was not called "New Year's Day". Today's "New Year's Day" is the first plenary session of the China People's Political Consultative Conference on September 27th, 1949. When it was decided to establish a Republic of China, it was also decided to adopt the world-wide calendar method, and officially designated January 1st of the Gregorian calendar as "New Year's Day", and changed the first day of the first lunar month to "Spring Festival". There is no fixed format and layout, and the content is mainly Chinese knowledge. Handwritten newspaper is one of the forms for middle school students to carry out extracurricular activities. Students directly participate in the whole process of editing, writing and production, and are deeply loved by students. Whenever there are major festivals, we will express them in various forms, or wish or celebrate or sing songs, such as welcoming New Year's Day, May 4th, July 1st and National Day. Recently, the "First National Handwritten Newspaper Competition for Primary and Secondary School Students in 23" was jointly organized by the Education Information Research Center of the Central Education Institute and the China Education Information Research Association. Many students actively participated in it and achieved certain results. Here, I would like to talk with you about how to design and make handwritten newspapers, which can be generally described from these three aspects: first, the steps of beautification and design; Second, the performance of the header, illustrations and tail flowers; Third, edit and copy the production process. I. Beautification and Design The beautification and design of handwritten newspapers mainly include: layout design and header, title flower, illustration, tail flower and lace design. 1. Layout Design is an important part of a good handwritten newspaper. To design a good layout, we must pay attention to the following points: (1) Make clear what is the main content of this issue's handwritten newspaper and choose a meaningful headline (that is, registration). General headers should be designed in the most eye-catching position; (2) Read through the edited or written article and calculate its word count, and edit it according to the content and length of the article (that is, typesetting). Generally, important articles are placed in a prominent position (that is, the front page); (3) pay attention to the combination of long and short articles interspersed with horizontal and vertical rows, so that the layout is neat and lively; (4) typesetting should also pay attention to: the arrangement of words is mainly horizontal and supplemented by vertical, the line spacing should be greater than the word spacing, there should be gaps between articles, there should be gaps between articles and edges, and there should be about 3CM empty edges around the paper. In addition, the newspaper should always be clean and tidy. 2. Heading plays a direct role, and it must closely match the theme and vividly reflect the main idea of handwritten newspaper. Registration should have a positive, healthy and meaningful name. The header is generally determined by the theme graphics, header text and geometric color blocks or lace, or serious or lively, or square or round, or elegant or heavy color. Attention should be paid to the design of the header: (1) the composition should be stable, the picture structure should be compact, the header should be concise in design and expression, and the theme of the handwritten newspaper should be reflected to make it clear at a glance; (2) Its characters should be large, with lines or letters, or colors or black and white; (3) There are several design schemes for its position: first, if the typesetting design is two pages, it should be placed in the upper right; Second, if the typesetting design is full-page, it can be in the middle, left or right. Generally, they are designed at the upper part of the layout, not at its lower end. 3, the title title (that is, the title flower) is generally at the front end of the article or combined with the article title map. When designing the title, we should pay attention to the title text, which is slightly larger. Decorative graphics should be based on the content and layout of the article. The title of the article should be written smaller than the text of the title, but larger than the text of the main body. In short, we should pay attention to clear priorities. 4. Illustrations and endflower illustrations are designed according to the needs of content and layout decoration. Good illustrations can beautify the layout and help readers understand the content of the article. Illustrations and ending flowers should not occupy too large a position, which is easy to appear empty and messy. Most of the tail flowers are designed for the needs of page beautification, and most of them are flowers or geometric patterns. Illustrations and codices are not necessary for all articles, and the more the better, the more the better. 5, lace lace is indispensable in handwritten newspapers. Some headers and headers can be designed with lace; Important articles are framed with lace; Articles can also be separated by lace; Some whole pages can also be separated by lace up and down or left and right. In the use of lace, straight lines or wavy lines are often used. Second, the expression of header painting, illustration and tail flower The expression of header painting, illustration and tail flower can be roughly divided into line drawing and color block drawing. 1. Line drawing requires concise and generalized images, accurate lines and clear priorities. Attention should be paid to certain steps when painting: (1) generally draw the main line-determine the angle, direction and size; (2) Draw the scale, structure and perspective related to the diagram; (3) Depicting the details, and drawing the rhythm changes of lines by combining the physical structure, composition and color tone; (4) Finally, arrange it to make the picture complete and unified. 2. In addition to accurate modeling, the color block drawing method must be good at dealing with the collocation and changing relations of color blocks, and the handling of these relations should proceed from the needs of the object to make the layout colorful. When painting, you can draw a pencil draft first (try to be accurate in modeling), and then evenly spread large color blocks; Post-characterization details; Finally, it is trimmed to make it more unified and perfect. Line drawing and color block drawing are usually used at the same time, which can be multi-color or monochrome. Whether it is line drawing or color block drawing, it is best not to draw with a pencil only. Graphics or text on the page cannot be cut and pasted. Third, the compilation and drawing steps of handwritten newspaper compilation and drawing is an important step from conception to concrete implementation. There are two steps: one is the preparation stage, and the other is the preparation stage. 1. Preparation stage. Mainly the preparation of various materials and tools. Specifically, it includes: drafting the registration of the current handwritten newspaper; Prepare a piece of white paper (the size depends on the need, such as half-open, four-open, eight-open, etc. The handwritten newspaper competition held by the Political and Educational Affairs Office is required to be the size of Jiangxi Daily, that is, half-open); Edit and write relevant written materials (more articles should be prepared); Writing and drawing tools, etc. 2. Preparation stage. This stage is the main process of making handwritten newspaper. Roughly: layout design, copying process and beautification process. (1) Layout design: typesetting according to the length of the article, and drawing a grid or grid line (generally, it is lightly traced with a pencil, and the handwritten newspaper can be wiped or not after production). (2) Copying process: refers to the writing of articles. Most of the paper used for handwritten newspapers is white, so it is advisable to use carbon ink for writing; The font should be running script and regular script, less cursive script and seal script; The size of the words should be moderate (in line with the usual reading habits). Don't be afraid if the handwriting is not very beautiful. The key is to write neatly. In addition, typos are not allowed in articles or titles. (3) Beautifying process: After copying the article, you can draw illustrations, tail flowers and lace (it is not advisable to copy the illustrations first) to beautify the whole layout. This process is the key to the effect of handwritten newspaper layout. The handwritten newspaper can be in black and white or in color. It can be comprehensive or thematic. The design requirements and steps of handwritten newspaper and blackboard newspaper are basically the same. Students, exercise yourself, and draw a handwritten newspaper that belongs to you and everyone.

note: not original.