It is time to watch the third watch, and the wind will clear up after the bitter rain. ——Su Shi of the Song Dynasty, "Crossing the Sea on the Night of June 20th" When the fight turns to the third watch, the bitter rain ends and the wind clears up. Participate in the Hengdou and turn to the third watch, the bitter rain will end and the wind will clear up.

Who embellishes the scattered clouds and the bright moon? The color of the sky and sea is clear.

When I was free, Lu Sou took advantage of his thoughts and had a rough idea of ??the music played in Xuanyuan.

I don’t hate the nine deaths in the Southern Wilderness. I am here to travel through the wonders of my life. Travels, descriptions of scenery, rampant lyricism Translation and annotations

Translation

It is almost the third watch of the night when the stars are turning across the Big Dipper, and it is raining and windy. It is time for God to keep his eyes open.

The clouds suddenly disperse and the moon shines brightly. No one needs to decorate it. The clear sky and sea are naturally clear and clear.

Although I took a boat across the sea with Confucius' ambition to save the world in mind, I seemed to hear the beautiful music of Huangdi Chengchi.

Even though I narrowly escaped death and was demoted to the Southern Wilderness, I don’t regret it. This trip was the most amazing experience in my life. Appreciation

Ji Yun commented on this poem: "The first half is purely a comparison. Such wording leaves no trace." "Bi" means "comparing another thing to this thing"; and "comparing another thing to this thing". "This thing", it is difficult not to show traces. But there is no trace of "comparison" in these four lines of poetry.

"Participating in horizontal battles" is what you see when crossing the sea at night; "wanting to watch three times" is the judgment made based on this. Cao Zhi's "Shanzai Xing": "The moon is not in the horizontal direction, and the Beidou is in the dark." This shows that "the moon is in the horizontal direction and the Beidou is turning around" refers to the scene when the sky is about to dawn in the Central Plains. In Hainan, the situation is different. Wang Wengao pointed out: "On June 20th, when the second and third drums were heard overseas, the ginseng had already appeared." This poem describes the scenery, but also the people. One is to show that "it is time for the third watch" and more than half of the night has passed; the other is to show that the sky is clear and the remaining half of the night is not difficult to walk. Therefore, the tone of this poem is clear, which shows the poet's state of mind at that time. But before that, it was still "the bitter rain ends with the wind" and everything was pitch black. The continuous rain is called "bitter rain" and the strong wind is called "final wind". This sentence follows closely from the previous sentence. The poet looked up at the sky from time to time in the dark night when "the bitter rain ends and the wind blows", and finally saw the "turning around", so he said with great surprise: "The bitter rain finally ends and the wind clears up."

3. Four or two sentences further describe the word "Qing". "The clouds disperse and the moon shines", the "sky appearance" is "clear"; the wind is calm and the rain is clear, the stars and the moon shine together, the "sea color" is also "clear". These two sentences use "the color of the sky and the sea" versus "the clouds disperse and the moon shines". Looking up and down, the images are vivid, coherent and flowing. Moreover, intra-sentence antitheses are used: the first sentence uses "moonlight" to "clouds disperse", and the second sentence uses "sea color" to "sky". These four poems have the same structure: the short sentence is divided into two sections. First, four characters are used to describe the objective scenery, and then three characters are used to express subjective lyrics or comments. Most of the beautiful sentences from the Tang Dynasty are natural and blend with the scenes. When writing sentences in the Song Dynasty, they strived to be concise and profound. From these four lines of poetry, we can see the characteristics of Su Shi's poetry and the characteristics of Song Dynasty poetry.

The third and fourth sentences seem to describe the scene, but the poet intends to be lyrical, and the lyricism also contains discussion. In terms of objective scenery, when the rain stops and the wind subsides, the clouds disperse and the moon shines brightly, the scenery is like a painting. In terms of subjective feelings, he first said "the third watch of desire", then "Ye Jie Qing"; and then asked: "the clouds disperse and the moon shines", "who embellishes it"? He also said meaningfully: "The color of the sky and the sea" was originally "clarified". These lyrical expressions or comments are closely related to the objective scenery, appropriate and natural. From this point alone, it is already a good poem with great artistic charm.

However, a good work should also have hidden meanings. The third and fourth sentences are about the foreground, and the language is clear and clear, so that readers will not directly feel that allusions are used. But if you look carefully, you will find that "every word has its origin." "Book of Jin Xie Zhongzhuan" records: Xie Chong accompanied Sima Daozi, the king of Kuaiji, to sit at night. "The moonlight night was bright and clear, and Daozi sighed that it was better. Zhongshuier said: 'It means it is not as good as the light clouds.' Daozi said in a play: 'Qing With an impure heart, is it because of the strong desire to dredge up the filth and purity? '" (See "Shishuo Xinyu·Yu") The word "embellished" in the sentence "Who embellishes the clouds and the moonlight" comes from Xie Zhong's discussion and discussion. Daozi's play, and "the color of the sky and the sea is originally clear" is consistent with "the moonlight night is bright and clear, Taozi sighed and thought it was better". These two poems have a broad realm and profound implications, which can already give readers a sense of beauty and philosophical enlightenment; and when connected with this story, they can give people an additional layer of association.

Wang Wengao said: The first sentence, "asking about Zhang Dun"; the second sentence, "the public calls himself". "Ask Zhangdun" means: You villains with "unpure intentions" are in power, "the dirt is too pure", causing "the bitter rain to end with the wind", and the world is full of resentment. Now that the "clouds have dispersed and the moon is bright", who else is "embellishing" it? "Gong Zi Sui" means: The "microclouds" that "embellished" the space with Zhang Dun and his like have dispersed, the world has finally been "clarified", and the slanderous words imposed on him have also been swept away. Once the unjust case was cleared up, he, a good man who had been framed, returned to his true self of "clarification". It can be seen from this that if the allusion is used appropriately, it can enrich the connotation of the poem and improve the expressiveness of the language.

In the fifth and sixth sentences, switch to writing "sea". Three or four sentences are staggered up and down, sharing the same allusion; these two sentences appear to have changes. "Lu Sou" refers to Confucius. Confucius was a native of Lu, so Tao Yuanming's "Drinking Poems" contains the line "Ji Ji Lu Zhongsou", calling him the old man of Lu. Confucius once said, "If the Tao cannot be practiced, float on a raft in the sea" ("The Analects of Confucius: Gongye Chang"), which means: My Tao cannot be practiced in the sea. Maybe I can practice it by crossing the ocean on a raft! Su Shi also proposed a plan to reform the bad government, but was repeatedly attacked and was eventually exiled to Hainan Island. In Hainan Island, "there is no food, no medicine." Although he has made friends with the Li people and done some work to spread culture, as a "sinner", it is impossible to "practice the Tao". At this time, I crossed the sea and returned to the north. Looking back on the sufferings over the years, I sighed with emotion, "There is no spare time for the old man Lu to take advantage of his wishes." This poem is quite flexible in its use of allusions. What it means is: In the mainland, he and Confucius are both "incompetent". Confucius wanted to go overseas to practice Taoism, but he did not go there. Although he went and stayed there for several years, when he left there and crossed the sea to return to the north, he had no achievements in "doing Taoism" worthy of his praise. It's just that the idea of ??Confucius riding on a cannon to travel the Tao still remains in my mind. Because this poem cleverly uses well-known allusions, it can summarize the twists and turns and express complex emotions in just a few numbers; and the word "Chengzhen" accurately expresses the meaning of "Chengzhen". Crossing the sea” scene. "Xuanyuan" refers to the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor played music. See "Zhuangzi Tianyun": "Beimen Cheng asked Huangdi and said: 'The emperor Zhang Xianchi was happy in the wilds of Dongting. I was afraid when I first heard about it, and was lazy when I heard about it again. Being confused and wandering in silence is not content. '" Su Shi used this allusion to describe the sound of the waves of the sea with the music played by the Yellow Emperor on the Xianchi, which is very consistent with the situation of "riding a boat" to cross the sea. But instead of saying "it's like listening to the music played by Xuanyuan", it says "roughly understanding the music played by Xuanyuan", which reminds people of Su Shi's various experiences and the psychological activities caused by them. That is to say: he has experienced the "sound of Xuanyuan playing music"; the "fear when he first heard it, the laziness when he heard it again, and the confusion when he finally heard it", he has personally experienced and understood it deeply. The "rough" in "rough knowledge" is just a humorous way of saying "rough knowledge", but it actually means "familiar knowledge".

The last couplet takes a step forward to wrap up the whole poem. "This trip", literally translated into modern Chinese, means "this trip" or "this trip". This is first of all a reference to the title of the poem, referring to crossing the sea on the night of June 20th; but it not only refers to this crossing, but also to other places. In broad terms, it refers to the entire process from Huizhou to Dan County. In 1094 (the first year of Shaosheng), Su Shi arrived in Huizhou and was demoted to a post office and was not allowed to sign official documents. From the time he said goodbye to Su Che and boarded a boat to cross the sea on June 11, 1097 (the fourth year of Shaosheng), to the time when he crossed the sea and returned north on June 20, 1100 (the third year of Yuanfu), he spent three days on Hainan Island. years of exile. This is the so-called "tour". The word "Ciyou" in the next sentence and the word "Nine Deaths in the Southern Wilderness" in the previous sentence are not mutually exclusive concepts. The "Nine Deaths in the Southern Wilderness" are included in "Ciyou". However, the content of "Ziyou" is larger, and it also includes everything written in the first six lines of this poem. Creative background Su Shi (1037-1101), a writer, calligrapher, painter and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name is Zizhan and his nickname is Dongpo Jushi. Han nationality, Sichuan native, buried in Yingchang (now Jiaxian County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province). He had a bumpy official career throughout his life, but he was knowledgeable and talented. He was excellent in poetry, calligraphy and painting. His writing is unbridled, clear and fluent. Together with Ouyang Xiu, he is called Ou Su, and he is one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". His poetry is fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggeration and metaphor, and his artistic expression is unique. He is also called Su Huang together with Huang Tingjian. He started a bold and unrestrained school and had a huge influence on later generations. Together with Xin Qiji, he was called Su Xin. He was good at calligraphy in running script and regular script. He could create his own ideas. His pen was rich and ups and downs, and he had an innocent taste. He was called Song Dynasty together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang. The four schools have the same painting studies and literature, advocate spiritual similarity in painting, and advocate "scholar painting". He is the author of "The Complete Works of Su Dongpo" and "Su Dongpo Yuefu".

Su Shi gave the wine to Chunchun without saying a word. It was raining lightly at dusk. During the yellow plum season, it rains everywhere, and frogs are everywhere in the grassy ponds. The rain is gurgling outside the curtain, and the mood of spring is fading. The rain of apricot blossoms makes your clothes wet, and the wind from the willows blows on your face, which is not cold. My eyes are full of hairsprings and fallen catkins. When the red apricots bloom, there is a sudden clear rain. It is raining in autumn at the head of Hong Polygonum Ferry. The traces of gulls printed on the sand form their own lines, and the scent of the wild wind floats on the sleeves of the servant girl's sleeves. Half an acre of tung flowers, a quiet courtyard filled with sorrow and rain. The night lilies are in full bloom and the garden is filled with fragrance, and I wake up drunk from the light rain late at night. The Yinyin stream is meandering with greenery, and the light rain turns the shallow sand on the ground. It is raining outside a curtain, and there are several idle fields, and spring hoeing is going on across the water. In April, the rain suddenly clears up, and the weather in Nanshan becomes clear. The east wind makes the willows green. The smoke is light and the rain is beginning to clear. Is this fit the poet? Xiao Yu rides a donkey into Jianmen. It rains continuously every day, and I worry about killing the people in Wangshan. There is no rain on the mountain road, the sky is green and people's clothes are wet.