1 current situation of food safety problems
In recent years, food safety problems have occurred all over the world one after another, and food-borne diseases have broken out on all continents, and the epidemic speed is fast, involving a wide range and lasting a long time. For example, Belgian double-mouth disease, mad cow disease in Britain and foot-and-mouth disease in Europe, as well as clenbuterol poisoning in China, poisoning caused by polishing toxic rice with industrial oil and poisoning caused by pesticide residues in vegetables are frequently reported in newspapers, and food quality and food safety problems are frequently reported in newspapers. At the same time, China's food and agricultural products are often returned by importing countries due to health problems. Microbial hazard is the biggest hazard to food safety at present. Food is polluted in the process of production, transportation and packaging, or food made from sick animals and sick birds leads to a large number of bacteria, molds and parasites, leading to food poisoning. Bacterial food poisoning incidents account for 30%-90% of the total number of food poisoning incidents in China every year, and the number of people poisoned accounts for 60%-90% of the total number of food poisoning incidents.
Some highly toxic pesticides, such as methamidophos, are widely used in the process of planting vegetables and other crops, and the withdrawal period of pesticides is too short, and some even use drugs * days before harvest, resulting in high pesticide residue concentration on vegetables, which seriously affects the health of consumers. Abuse or illegal use of veterinary drugs and banned drugs make veterinary drug residues in animal foods exceed the standard, such as common clenbuterol poisoning incidents, which not only increase the risk of diseases caused by eating animal foods, but also lead to the aggravation of infectious diseases, the increase of new diseases and the spread of zoonotic diseases. Moreover, due to the widespread use of antibiotics, common bacteria have developed strong drug resistance, leading to serious bacterial infectious diseases.
Natural toxins in food come from some common poisonous fungi, poisonous animals and plants, and enter the digestive system, nervous system, urinary system and other organs of human body with food, which causes substantial damage to the functions or organs of these systems and causes corresponding disease symptoms and even death. The familiar toxins, such as aflatoxin, are liver carcinogens, which mainly pollute corn and peanuts. Some food enterprises and unlicensed production enterprises abuse and use food additives in violation of regulations, adding non-edible ingredients or toxic and harmful substances, such as the "Poisoned Rice" incident in 200 1 Guangdong Province, which found that "Poisoned Rice" was mixed with industrial oil, leading to consumer poisoning. In addition, mineral oil was found to be mixed with mustard oil, corn salad oil and edible oil.
With the emergence of more and more genetically modified foods, European and American countries are also arguing over whether to eat genetically modified foods, but labeling genetically modified foods as required has not been well implemented. Different opinions on its safety have also aroused heated discussion in the international community, but this kind of food safety problem is different from the past and needs to be jointly evaluated by FAO and WTO experts, and finally verified by time.
2 food safety misunderstanding
At present, people misunderstand food safety: First, pesticide residues and abuse of veterinary drugs are the biggest food safety hazards, but experts point out that food-borne diseases caused by microorganisms are the main factors affecting food safety, and the incidence rate is still rising, which is the focus of future monitoring. The second is that green food and organic food are safe. Experts pointed out that green food and organic food are not the same as safe food. In fact, food should be safe as long as it meets the relevant standards. The focus of safety management is drinking water first, followed by vegetables and fruits, grain and its products, livestock products and aquatic products. And these foods or food ingredients are the focus of pollution and neglect.
3 the root of food safety problems
For food safety, consumers are often concerned about the nutritional value and quality of food itself, such as moldy food, poor nutritional indicators and so on. However, with the development of commodity economy, the safety problems caused by artificially changing the nature of food in the process of production, processing, transportation, storage and sales are increasingly urgent, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and abuse of growth hormone in planting; Second, excessive use of additives, veterinary drugs and antibiotics in aquaculture, abuse or illegal use of hormones and illegal drugs; Third, pathogenic microorganisms and parasites can endanger food safety by infecting animals and plants; Fourth, the processing conditions of raw materials do not meet the requirements of food hygiene regulations and standards, and the cold storage conditions and health and safety measures in food storage, transportation and sales are improper; Fifth, food-borne diseases are caused by environmental pollution such as water pollution, garbage incineration, air and soil pollution. Pesticide and industrial waste pollution often enter animals through drinking water and animal and plant feed, which affects the safety of livestock and poultry products.
4 food safety protection measures
Food safety is an important public health problem. How to coordinate human needs for food and ensure the quantity, quality and safety of food? It is necessary to strengthen supervision and inspection of all aspects of food safety.
1. Improve the system of laws, regulations and standards.
2. Establish an operability test system.
3. Strengthen food safety management and supervision.
4. Improve the network supervision system
5. Develop ecological products.