The Bund complex is a collection of architectural styles from different countries in the world in different periods. There are neoclassical, renaissance, baroque, modern and so on. It has great compatibility, so most buildings on the Bund are eclectic. Eclecticism refers to juxtaposing architectural vocabulary of different periods in history in a building. This style was popular in the west in the late 19th century and early 2th century. Most of the Bund buildings were shaped at the beginning of this century and strongly influenced by this style, so they are called "World Architecture Expo".
first? The historical background of the old buildings and landmark buildings around the Bund are introduced as follows:
1. Overview
There are nine old buildings around the Bund that were approved by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government as municipal-level cultural relics protection units in 1989. They are the former Asia Building, Shanghai General Association, HSBC, Jiang Customs, Huizhong Hotel, Sassoon Building, China Bank, Chahe Foreign Firm and Credit Suisse Oriental Bank. ?
Bund World Architecture Expo Group
Besides, there are many landmark buildings in Shanghai, such as No.18 Bund, Jinmao Tower, Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower, Xintiandi, Shanghai Museum, Shanghai Art Museum, Shanghai Exhibition Center, Shanghai Library, Shanghai International Exhibition Center, hang lung plaza, Oriental Art Center, Shanghai Grand Theatre, Shanghai Drama Center, Bailemen Ballroom, Shanghai International Convention Center and Shanghai New Jinjiang Hotel.
second, the historical background of the old buildings and landmark buildings around the Bund
1. No.18 on the Bund, formerly known as Standard Chartered Bank, is a 1,5-square-meter building with a mixture of classical, neoclassical, baroque and mixed styles. Even after 8 years, the simple lines and elegant appearance of No.18 still exude the pride of that era. In November, 24, No.18 Bund opened as a new landmark of humanity and fashion. The self-positioning of operators is a creative space called "Bund18? Creative”。 After the re-planning, No.18 Bund not only attracts many high-end consumer goods, but also owns world-class brands and high-end restaurants such as Cartier and Dzheniya. Many exhibitions, fashion shows and forums are often held. ?
2. Dongfeng Hotel (formerly Shanghai Federation)?
Shanghai Federation (Shanshai? C1ub) is also translated as Shanghai Club, also known as the British Federation and the Royal Federation. When it was first built in the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1862), it was an English-style classical building, with a three-story brick-wood structure and an external wall inlaid with red bricks. In the first year of Qing Xuantong (199), a new building was rebuilt on the original site, and cement-based cementitious materials were used for the first time, which broke the uniform brick-wood structure of the Bund complex at that time. The new building is compatible with the architectural styles of different periods, and its horizontal and straight lines are handled appropriately, especially the horizontal lines, giving people a sense of balance, symmetry and harmony. The ground floor takes the main entrance as the main axis, forming a symmetrical pattern on both sides. There are six Onek columns between the second and third floors, and an elegant Baroque tower is built at the north and south ends of the top floor, which becomes a special symbol of the building. ?
the facilities in the new building are exquisite. The basement is a bowling alley, and there is a bar with a length of 34 meters on the ground floor, which was the longest bar in the Far East at that time (now demolished). There is a grand banquet hall that can accommodate more than 2 people in the building, and there is not a pillar in the hall of 3 square meters, which was very advanced at that time. After 1956, it was turned into an international seaman's club. ?
3. The Customs Building (formerly known as Jiang Customs)
This building was rebuilt for the third time in December 16. It is a steel frame structure. There are traces of modernism in the facade. The facade of the building is all built with granite. The entrance is a Greek Doric porch. The lintel is supported by four huge Roman granite columns, and the top of the column is square. It is not only the bearing part of the building, but also gives people a solemn feeling. There are six sliding doors in front of the giant column, and there are four windows at the upper end up to the sixth floor. There are windows on each floor in the middle, and the windows are connected by a light aluminum plate with patterns. There are wide eaves with stone carvings on the ground floor and the sixth floor, and a four-storey square bell tower is built at the top, which is the largest in Asia at that time. The whole building embodies the eclectic architectural style of combining Greek classical architecture with modern architecture. There are 12 elevators in the building. ?
4、? Peace Hotel
Peace Hotel consists of a main building, a south building and a north building, in which the main building was formerly known as Huamao Hotel, the south building was the original Huizhong Hotel, and the north building was the original Sassoon Building.
Huamao Hotel, built in 1929, is a Gothic building of Chicago School, with a height of 77 meters and 12 floors. The exterior wall is made of granite stones, and enters through the rotating hall door. The lobby floor is paved with ivory Italian marble, and the top bronze carved chandelier is luxurious and elegant, and has the reputation of "the first building in the Far East". ? After liberation, the hotel reopened in 1956 and was named Peace Hotel. In recent years, the Peace Hotel has renovated its guest rooms and dining rooms, but the architectural style has remained the same as that of that year. The whole building is integrated with modernity and tradition, trendy and retro.
Huizhong Hotel was invested and built by British Hong Kong Shanghai Hotel Co., Ltd. in the 32nd year of Guangxu reign (196). Generally speaking, the building is a Renaissance-like building, which is strictly symmetrical. White bricks are used to build a clear-water exterior wall, and red bricks are used to outline the waist line on each floor. The architectural decoration is mostly in Baroque style, such as the design of doors and windows, which has both circular arches and flat arches. The original garden on the roof has a large Baroque pavilion at both ends. The roof decoration was burned down by a fire in the third year of the Republic of China and changed to a platform. At that time, Huizhong Hotel was the tallest building in Shanghai, and the elevator facilities were the earliest used in Shanghai. The hotel has 12 guest rooms, and there is a hall on the ground floor that can accommodate 3 people at the same time. If necessary, the dining table can be removed for more than a thousand people to gather. After the success of the Revolution of 1911, people from all walks of life in Shanghai took a fake seat here to welcome Dr. Sun Yat-sen back to China as the interim president. ?
sassoon building was built in 18 years. Steel frame structure, 1 floors (13 floors in part), the magnificent building belongs to the early modernist style. The exterior of the building is treated with vertical lines, which is concise and clear. Except for the ninth floor and the top floor, the exterior walls are all made of granite, which is an early building built of granite on the Bund, and the waistline and eaves are decorated with patterns and carvings. The 19-meter-high square cone-shaped copper roof is used in the east facade of the building, which not only increases the height of the building, but also enhances the aesthetic effect. ?
The building is exquisitely decorated, and the luxurious rooms are decorated in Chinese, English, French, Italian, German, American, Indian, Japanese and Spanish styles. ?
5. Bank of China (BOC Building)?
The original site was the German General Association, which was demolished in 25 years to build the China Bank Building. The building is a steel frame structure with 17 floors (2 floors underground), which was designed by the British Business Company and China designer Lu Qianshou. The facade is in the early modernist style, with vertical lines outlining the building and blending into the traditional architectural style of China. The exterior wall is made of domestic granite, the roof is covered with green glazed tiles with gentle square drill tips, the eaves are decorated with stone arches, the railing patterns and panes are also decorated with traditional decorations, and there are hollow "life-shaped" patterns on both sides of each floor. Above the gate, there is a stone carving of Confucius traveling around the world (now destroyed). Outside the gate, there are 9 stone steps, with 2 doors carved with red copper patterns. On both sides of the ceiling in the hall, there are carvings of the Eight Immortals crossing the sea (now destroyed). The building is well equipped and has an advanced vault underground. There are 14 elevators in the building and a set of master and slave clocks to ensure accurate and consistent timing.
6. British consulate?
the former British consulate office building was destroyed by fire in the ninth year of Tongzhi, and the present building was rebuilt in the eleventh year of Tongzhi. It has become the earliest and well-preserved building in the Bund complex. It is a typical English Renaissance architecture. Renaissance architecture emphasizes horizontal division and pays attention to neatness, unity and orderliness in architectural outline. Form a harmonious, symmetrical, clear and simple style. The horizontal lines of the British Consulate give people an outstanding impression. The horizontal thick eaves and horizontal waistline make the whole building look balanced, symmetrical, dignified and thick.
7. Oriental Art Center
The Shanghai Oriental Art Center was designed by the famous French architect Paul Andrews. The exterior of the whole building is made of metal laminated glass curtain wall, and the interior wall is decorated with special ceramic pendants in light yellow, ochre, brown and gray. As a masterpiece of post-modern architectural concept, the whole design embodies the most avant-garde and culturally meaningful style in the world today-returning to nature. Appreciating music art in such an environment is a real temperament-cultivating enjoyment. As "the latest elegant art publishing place in Shanghai", the Oriental Art Center has attracted many fashionable people. 8、? Xintiandi Xintiandi, based on the old Shikumen building area, the symbol of Shanghai's modern architecture, changed the original residential function of Shikumen for the first time, endowed it with commercial management function, and transformed this old house, which reflects Shanghai's history and culture, into a fashionable, leisure, cultural and entertainment center with international-level functions such as catering, shopping and performing arts. The exterior of the Shikumen complex in Xintiandi retains the brick walls and tiles of that year, while the interior of each building is tailored according to the lifestyle, rhythm and emotional world of modern urbanites, all of which reflect the atmosphere of modern leisure life. Strolling through a new world is like going back in time, like being in Shanghai in the 192s and 193s, but stepping into every building in one step is very modern.
9. Shanghai Drama Center
Although watching drama is still a very minority hobby, with the continuous introduction of foreign original plays and the production of excellent contemporary drama works, Shanghai Drama Center has cultivated the drama performance market in Shanghai. Nowadays, the drama performance of Anfu Road is a unique landscape in Shanghai. Going to Anfu Road to watch drama has become a fashion culture, a lifestyle and even a habit of contemporary Shanghai youth.
1. Shanghai Art Museum
This used to be the Jockey Club of the old Shanghai Shiliyang Stadium. The expansion project of the new museum completely preserved the original neoclassical appearance of this British building and transformed it according to the functional requirements of the art museum. Interior design inherits the traditional European language and emphasizes the bright modern atmosphere. Looking up at the dignified beams and columns in the museum, climbing up the stairs along the spacious stairs, stroking the bronze cast horse's head in the 193s, and browsing the exquisite works of artists, you will surely appreciate the historical changes of old and new Shanghai and feel the fascinating cultural charm. As an important business card of Shanghai culture, Shanghai Art Museum is also full of fashion events, which provides an important stage for various avant-garde experimental arts.
11、? Paramount Ballroom
Paramount adopts the avant-garde ArtDeco architectural style in modern America, which is a trendy building in China and even the whole world in 193s, and is popular all over Shanghai, and also the main social place for Shanghai ladies and gentlemen. After entering the 21st century, Paramount, which has experienced more than 7 years of wind and rain, has been restored, which not only restores its former charm, but also integrates more modern fashion elements, attracting people who are nostalgic or fashionable, and has set off a fashion and leisure craze intertwined with retro and modern in Shanghai, which can be described as "elegance reappears, better than that of that year".
12. Jinmao Tower
Known as the tallest building in China, Shanghai Jinmao Tower is located in Lujiazui Financial and Trade Zone, facing the famous Bund Scenic Area across the river. ?
Jinmao Tower is designed by SOM Architecture Office in Chicago, USA, which is a collection of 5,-year-old pagoda buildings and integrates new architectural technologies in the contemporary world. The construction period lasts for five years. ?
with a height of 42.5 meters, Jinmao Tower is the third tallest building in the world and the tallest building in China at present, with a total construction area of 29, square meters and an area of 23, square meters, with 88 floors above ground and 3 floors underground, with a total investment of 54 million US dollars, which is 1.5 times of the total cost of Yangpu Bridge, nanpu bridge and Oriental Pearl Tower. ?
The sightseeing floor of Jinmao Tower is 34m high and covers an area of 1,4m2, which is the highest and largest floor sightseeing floor in China. From the sightseeing floor, you can have a panoramic view of Shanghai's urban scenery and the spectacular scenery of the Yangtze River estuary. ?
13. Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower The Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower is located at the tip of Lujiazui, Pudong, on the Huangpu River, facing the World Architecture Expo Group on the Bund across the river. The tower is 468 meters high, ranking first in Asia and third in the world. Together with the nanpu bridge and Yangpu Bridges on the left and right sides, it has become a symbol of Shanghai's reform and opening up.
The designers of the Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower fantastically connected eleven spheres of different sizes and heights in series from the blue sky to the lush green grass. The two huge spheres are like two rubies, dazzling, and together with the two earth spheres of the world-class Shanghai International Conference Center (the main venue of the 1999 Fortune Forum Shanghai Annual Meeting) under the tower, they form a magnificent landscape full of "like a pouring of large and small pearls into a plate of jade" poetry.
The towering space capsule is built at a height of 35 meters, with a sightseeing floor, a conference hall and a coffee table. It is elegant, luxurious and unique. The air hotel is located in five small balls and has 2 rooms, which is comfortable and interesting. Oriental Pearl Wanbang Department Store Co., Ltd. has a shopping area of 18, square meters, and deals in clothing, arts and crafts, gold and silver ornaments, leather goods, food, etc., so that tourists can enjoy shopping and delicious food while watching.
14、? Shanghai Exhibition Center
The main building of Shanghai Exhibition Center (Group) Co., Ltd. was built in March 1955, which is the earliest exhibition venue in Shanghai after the founding of New China. Over the past 4 years, many major political and foreign affairs activities have been held here, three generations of party leaders and dozens of foreign heads of state and government have been received, and hundreds of domestic and foreign exhibitions have been organized and held. Now it has become the main conference center and famous exhibition venue in the city, and it is one of the windows for foreign exchange. In 21, the main building of Shanghai Exhibition Center was completely overhauled. After the transformation, the architectural style is more charming, the environment is more beautiful, the exhibition hall area is larger, the functions are more perfect, and the equipment and facilities are safer and more reliable. The south of Shanghai Exhibition Center consists of preface hall, central hall, East Hall 1, West Hall 1 and West Hall 2, while the north consists of friendship hall and rebuilt East Hall 2. The two areas are independent and interrelated, forming a functional pattern of exhibition in the south and meeting in the north, which can be divided and combined. 15. Shanghai Library
Shanghai Library Shanghai Institute of Science and Technology Information is a large-scale comprehensive research-oriented public library and the first provincial-level library and information consortium in China. In October 1995, Shanghai Library merged with Shanghai Institute of Science and Technology Information, and in December 1996, the new Shanghai Library Shanghai Institute of Information was built and partially opened to the outside world. The new museum is located at No.1555 Huaihai Middle Road, with a building area of 83, square meters and a green area of 11, square meters. The whole building symbolizes the solid foundation of historical and cultural accumulation and the continuous climbing of the peak of human knowledge.
16. Shanghai International Exhibition Center
Shanghai International Exhibition Center is located in the earliest economic and technological development zone in Shanghai? ——? Shanghai Hongqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone, from her? Since its birth in 1992, it has injected new vitality into Shanghai's exhibition industry, become the birthplace of many brand exhibitions in Shanghai, and promoted the development of Shanghai's exhibition industry. ?
17. Shanghai Museum