My friend told me that it is a "map tongue" and it doesn't eat or drink, so I don't care at all.
Some friends say that the map tongue is "on fire" and eat some chrysanthemum and mint that are "on fire"; It may also be "zinc deficiency", so it is necessary to make up early.
Oh, there are so many folk methods and materials. Who is right? Is "map tongue" a disease? Not sick?
However, parents with children have started discussions in the "circle", but there is no conclusion. How can there be no conclusion? Because no one knows who said it accurately, they want to find the omnipotent "Baidu" to find the answer. Oh, it's also "a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend", so parents really don't know who to listen to, so just think of it as "a map on the child's tongue"-let it go.
Not long after, the map on the tip of the tongue came back, and parents began to get nervous, especially when their children ate delicious food, such as "poking a hornet's nest", they immediately cried because of pain and didn't eat for a while.
In fact, many parents have had this experience, which is normal, because the map tongue accounts for 15% of children. Is the map tongue really sick? What caused it? Today, according to textbooks and the research of authoritative experts in pediatrics, we have a further understanding of children's tongue images:
If we want to understand the map tongue, we must first understand what the tongue that people "use" every day (commonly known as the tongue) does.
Parents will say, ask such a naive question: talk while eating! May I ask why? Not everyone knows. In fact, the knowledge about the tongue is very special:
Tongue composition: the tongue is soft, reddish in appearance, with a thin pale white tongue coating on the surface; The position of the tongue is at the bottom of the center of the oral cavity, and the tongue consists of three parts: the base of the tongue, the body of the tongue and the tip of the tongue.
1. Mucosa on the tongue surface: It is covered with many tiny protrusions with different thicknesses, called lingual papillae, and consists of filamentous papillae and fungiform papillae.
Filamentous papilla: it is a velvety nipple-like mucosa all over the tongue surface; Helps to chew, swallow and pronounce.
Fungal papillae: Although the number is small, they can be scattered between filamentous papillae. Fungal papillae are mainly located at the tip of the tongue and the lateral edge of the tongue. They are red in color, with round protrusions, thin epithelium, no keratinization on the surface and rich red blood vessels. There are "taste buds" (position receptors) in the epithelium of fungiform papillae, which have the function of taste perception, and the tongue can feel cold and hot stimulation and ups and downs; China on the Tip of the Tongue refers to feeling food through the "taste buds" of the tongue. When multiple fungiform papillae proliferate, swell and congest, the surface of tongue looks like strawberry, which is called strawberry tongue, which is a typical feature of scarlet fever.
When the fungiform papillae and filiform papillae atrophy, resulting in the disappearance of the lingual papillae, which is smooth and flat as a mirror, it is called sliding tongue or mirror tongue.
2. Tongue muscle: it is composed of skeletal muscle, which has the function of movement, so it has the characteristics of flexibility, and the tongue is very flexible in oral cavity; For example, you can stretch and curl your tongue, abduction and adduction. Therefore, the tongue can participate in chewing and swallowing food, and at the same time, under the coordination of the language center, it is helpful to pronounce and speak.
3. Sublingual mucosa: thin and smooth. There is a layer of mucosal fold wall in the center of sublingual part connected with the bottom of oral cavity, which also participates in fixation and speech function.
Map tongue:
There are many transparent epithelial cells on the surface of filiform papilla of tongue mucosa, which often keratinize and fall off naturally. For some reasons, the filiform papillae will shrink, and the tongue surface will show nipple-free mucosa, which will make the back of the tongue show a map-like performance. In other words, map tongue is a chronic and marginal disease of oral cavity and tongue mucosa that occurs in the superficial layer of tongue mucosa. Because its lesions are manifested in different parts of the tongue surface and can change in size and shape, it has the characteristics of wandering, so it is also called wandering glossitis.
Map tongues are common in children, especially infants from 6 months to 3 years old. Why?
This is directly related to the inducement of map tongue: the etiology of map tongue is still unclear, and many experts agree that it may be related to children's heredity, immunity, nutrition and gastrointestinal function; This may also be related to the immature nervous system development and emotional fluctuation of infants:
1, genetic factors: after relevant statistical analysis, if parents have a history of diseases related to map tongue, then the probability of children suffering from map tongue will be higher; Many cases show that the map tongue has certain heritability and is positively related to heredity.
2. Immune factor: It is one of the main causes of map tongue. If children are born with poor health, malnutrition and anemia, their immunity is always low, which often leads to various infections and allergic diseases, thus leading to the emergence of "map tongue".
3, gastrointestinal dysfunction and parasites: after the child is born, due to weak physique, poor appetite, sometimes can not feed or picky eaters love snacks; Often gastrointestinal dysfunction such as vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, gastrointestinal parasites, it will often be accompanied by map tongue.
4, vitamin deficiency and anemia: after investigation, children with map tongue are often accompanied by vitamin B deficiency, such as loss of appetite, fatigue, pale nail bed, repeated oral ulcers and eczema.
Tips 1: Professor Bao, an expert in the project of "Children's Early Comprehensive Development" of the Ministry of Health and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, believes that the etiology of map tongue is not very clear, which may be related to heredity, intestinal parasites or gastrointestinal dysfunction; It may also be related to the imperfect development of children's nervous system and emotional fluctuations. There is an article that the map tongue is caused by the baby's "zinc deficiency" and "excessive internal heat", and there is no specific scientific basis. Therefore, it is suggested that mothers should not immediately "supplement zinc" and "get angry" when they see their children with map tongues.
Map tongue mucosal lesions generally have no conscious symptoms. When the degree of tongue peeling is large, discomfort or slight pain may occur after eating spicy or scalding food. Some children with cracked tongues can also see deep and curved grooves at the back of their tongues:
The position of peeling on the tongue surface: the tongue of infants often occurs at the tip of the tongue, the center of the tongue and both sides of the tongue edge.
Round erythema and yellow-white bulge appear: strip-shaped "figures" are mostly round and oval erythema, which can be single or multiple hairs and can be expanded or merged into pieces. After fusion, it looks like a "map boundary", with a slightly yellowish-white convex arc edge around it and a flaming filiform nipple peeling area in the middle, but the mushroom nipple remains unchanged.
The location of the lesion is uncertain: the map is often peeled off, which is easy to change the shape and location of the "map" quickly. Slight pain and discomfort in the mouth: the tongue has no obvious symptoms, and sometimes it may have slight discomfort, which is particularly sensitive to hot and sour.
Thrush: When the child's tongue is heavy, there will be oral infections, such as thrush caused by candida infection, and there are white attachments in the mouth, which are not easy to erase. There are also some cases that can cause oral ulcers.
Vitamin B deficiency and anemia deficiency: If the child has long-term loss of appetite, fatigue, pale face, oral ulcer or recurrent eczema.
Gastrointestinal dysfunction: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation. If there are intestinal parasites, there will be grinding teeth and abdominal pain.
According to relevant data, map tongue is a common oral disease in infants, and most of the oral mucosa of map tongue has only slight discomfort symptoms. The exfoliated mucosa can repair itself with age, which is self-limited, so parents don't have to worry too much. Once the "map tongue" is found, they can take their children to the hospital for examination first. If the map tongue is large and accompanied by symptoms, it needs treatment.
? Oral treatment and nursing: keep the oral cavity clean and hygienic, and insist on "brushing your teeth and gargling" every morning and after feeding (after meals). Brush the map tongue 1 ~ 2 times with a special soft brush for infants, clean the exfoliated epithelial tissue, and then rinse your mouth with 0.5% sodium bicarbonate solution. For thrush and oral ulcer, drugs should be used to control infection under the advice of doctors.
? Taboo treatment: the surface of map tongue is an oral problem, so it is necessary to treat both the symptoms and the root causes. At this time, do not give children sour, spicy and overheated food, so as not to cause oral pain and oral ulcers, and even aggravate the map tongue.
You should also avoid eating foods containing food additives, seasonings and high salt; Do not eat cold drinks, spices, flavors, colorants, thickeners, emulsifiers, sweeteners and other food additives, so as not to increase the burden on the stomach.
? Treatment of accompanying symptoms: If the child has gastrointestinal dysfunction, be sure to observe whether the child is dehydrated, such as less urine, less tears when crying, and decreased skin elasticity. At this time, you should go to the hospital for oral rehydration under the guidance of a doctor, and cooperate with the doctor to check the routine stool and find eggs for deworming treatment.
If the child suffers from iron deficiency anemia, at this time, iron should be supplemented in time to correct anemia, because anemia is harmful to the child's growth and development. If the child has the performance of vitamin B deficiency, it should also be supplemented in time.
1, reasonable dietary nutrition: children begin to add complementary food after six months. Pay attention to the principle of adding complementary food to children: from less to more, from fine to thick, from thin to thick, from one to many, and gradually increase. Pay attention to a reasonable mix of cereals, meat, vegetables and fruits. Develop the habit of not being partial to food and not picky about food from an early age to ensure a balanced intake of nutrients.
2. Develop good living habits, go to bed early and get up early: ensure that children have enough sleep time, live a regular life, properly carry out outdoor activities and exercise, and constantly enhance their physical fitness.
3. Keep your mouth clean: develop the hygienic habit of gargling and brushing your teeth before and after meals, and keep your mouth clean and hygienic.
4. Don't give children sour, spicy, irritating and overheated food: so as not to cause oral pain and oral ulcers, and even aggravate the map tongue.
To sum up, the map tongue of infants is a common disease in children's oral cavity, and the cause of the disease is still unclear. The tongue of most maps is very light and can heal itself with age; However, if the tongue area of the map is increasing, or there are other systemic diseases such as oral infection (thrush, ulcer), gastrointestinal dysfunction, nutritional anemia and vitamin deficiency, it is necessary to actively treat complications under the guidance of doctors. In addition, the key to mapping the tongue is prevention and oral cleaning care, reasonable diet and nutrition, maintaining oral hygiene, and developing the habit of brushing and gargling from an early age.