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Internet means Internet, which is formed by the interconnection of many networks following the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol. Now it has covered more than 76 countries and regions in the world, with more than 60 million networks, nearly 5 million connected hosts and more than 600 large libraries. There are more than 400 academic literature repositories, with more than 6.5438+0 million information sources and nearly 1 0 million users, including more than 6.5438+0.5 million domestic users. It is estimated that by the year 2000, the number of users in the world will reach 200 million, making it the largest computer network in the world, also known as the World Wide Web.

A brief history of internet development

In the early 1970s, the United States Department of Defense established a network called ARPAnet, the original intention of which was to avoid the problem that the main server in the traditional network was overwhelmed. Once there was a problem, the whole network would be paralyzed. Based on the assumption that the network is always unsafe, the client/server mode and IP address communication technology are designed.

In the early 1980s, Ethernet technology began to develop, and some Ethernet LANs related to ARPAnet began to use IP address technology to interconnect with ARPAnet. In the late 1980s, the National Science Foundation (NFS) established five super servers in five universities, and soon established SFNET. In order to share resources, NSFNET refers to the interconnection technology of ARPAnet. The NSFNET works well and needs to be expanded as soon as possible. From 65438 to 0987, NSF entrusted Merit Network, Inc., IBM and MCI to maintain and expand NSFNET. In the 1990s, businessmen began to intervene, and the Internet began to develop rapidly, and in a short time it evolved into an international Internet covering the whole world.

The function of internet

From the functional point of view, the Internet has two major uses: first, communication, the use of e-mail, fast, low-cost, especially suitable for users with a large amount of international communication; Secondly, the two-way communication of information, such as Telnet, FTP, Gopher, News and WWW, are all good tools for Internet information retrieval and broadcasting. WWW, in particular, can display information in the form of hypertext links and multimedia, which has become the most popular function of the Internet today. At present, the information contained in the Internet involves all fields of life and work, and most of them are free to read. It has become the fourth media-digital media after television, radio and newspapers.

ChinaNet is an extension of the Internet in China. It is called China Public Internet Network and is operated and managed by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications. At present, ChinaNet backbone network has been built, connecting 30 major capital cities. The network management center and international export are located in Beijing Telecom Administration, with an export rate of 8Mbps and existing users of 6.5438+0.5 million.

Internet is the working mode of client/server. The data transmission in the network follows the TCP/IP protocol. The received and transmitted data are converted between analog and digital by modem, and then transmitted by telephone line, optical fiber, satellite and other media.

E-mail/email-email

E-mail is a fast, simple, efficient and cheap communication tool between network users. Compared with the cost of domestic and international long-distance calls, e-mail can greatly reduce the international communication cost of users, so it is loved by the majority of users, and e-mail has become one of the most frequently used functions of the Internet.

Telnet- remote logging

Remote login supported by the network communication protocol Telnet makes the user's own computer temporarily become the terminal of the remote computer. To log on to a remote computer, you must first become a legal user of the remote computer system and have the corresponding user name and password. Once the login is successful, the user can use the corresponding resources opened by the remote computer in real time.

FTP/ File Transfer Protocol-File Transfer

The file transfer protocol supports FTP, which is used to transfer files between two computers on the Internet. FTP can be used to transfer almost any kind of files: text files, binary files, image files, sound files, data compressed files and so on. At present, public FTP sites in the network support anonymous access, that is, when connecting with them, use anonymity as the user name and your email address as the password. Generally, this kind of website only allows users to do "get" operation, but not "put".

Auxiliary tools of Archie-FTP

When you don't know which FTP site and path the file is stored in, just give the name of the file you want to search and connect with Archie server, and you will get the answer. Then users can use FTP to get the required documents.

Newsgroup-new newsgroup

Newsgroups have more than 65,438+05,000 theme groups, which are used to publish announcements, news and articles for everyone to share. Newsgroups display information in plain text and have a lifetime of at least two weeks. Compared with WWW, when users express their opinions, uploading information to the network is faster than WWW, but they can't display information in the form of multimedia.

Gopher- a text information retrieval tool

Gopher is a menu-driven Internet information retrieval tool. Users browse the information resources they are interested in under the guidance of the first-level list. Gopher displays information in text form, and organically links FTP, Archie, Telnet, WAIS and other functions in the menu. Gopher was the best information retrieval tool before WWW appeared. After WWW appeared, many Gopher servers were neglected in maintenance, so we should pay attention to the accuracy of information when using Gopher.

WAIS- full-text checking tool

WAIS is an Internet retrieval tool based on keywords in files. By indexing the keywords and data contained in the files residing on the server, users can automatically conduct remote query as long as they use the cursor to select the name of the information resource to be queried in the information resource list given by WAIS and type the query keywords. In addition to text documents, database information, computer images, etc. Can be retrieved by WAIS.

WWW/ World Wide Web-Hypertext Information Retrieval Tool

WWW, which means "World Wide Web", is an information retrieval tool based on hypertext. WWW has become a very friendly and effective information retrieval tool because hypertext mechanism can organically link related information from all over the world and display information in the form of graphics, audio and multimedia. In addition, the WWW browser has been able to integrate some "traditional" Internet functions, such as dialer, e-mail, remote login, FTP, Gophcr and newsgroups, making it more powerful. This is one of the reasons why the World Wide Web is so popular. The term related to WWW is home page, which refers to the entry point of WWW website or the home page written in HTML language for displaying information.

Talk/RC- online chat

Talk/IRC is an interactive communication tool on the Internet. Users can have real-time conversations on keyboards through the Internet in different regions and countries. The call is made in terminal simulation mode, only for two people; IRC/Internet relay chat is conducted in PPP mode and can be used for conversations between many people.

Iphone/ VoIP-VoIP

On the premise of having a sound card, speakers and microphones, users can talk to people who are on the Iphone server at the same time and have the same conditions in real time through Iphone software. Iphone has realized the transmission of sound in the network, which is a step further than Talk and IRC.

IPager- Internet e-mail and pager forwarding

The organic combination of Internet e-mail and pager technology provides people with more convenient means of communication. Its working principle is that the user sends a short message to the paging station with forwarding function where the receiver is located by email, and the paging station converts the email message into a signal that can be received by the pager and sends it out. The receiver of the pager will immediately know who sent him the email, what the subject of the email is and other key information. This function is very useful for business people and emergency affairs. At present, paging stations in Beijing have begun to provide this service.

IFax- Internet e-mail and fax forwarding

Through e-mail and related new technologies, faxes sent by users around the world can be converted into e-mail locally and sent to the receiver's place, and then e-mail information can be converted into faxes and sent to the receiver through conversion technology. This technology is suitable for cross-regional, especially international, because cross-regional transmission can greatly reduce the cost through e-mail, which is the main reason why this function has its market.

Chita

Today, with the development of the Internet, in addition to the above functions, the Internet, as a tool for two-way communication and information exchange, has been paid attention to in many fields, and a series of online value-added service systems have been produced one after another, such as e-shops, e-banks, e-cinemas, e-magazines, e-clinics, online concerts, database retrieval, online advertisements, information consultation and so on. , thus forming an almost all-encompassing and omnipotent "virtual world" (. It is this "virtual world" that attracts countless people to swim tirelessly in it.

Internet technology itself is still developing rapidly, and I believe there will be many amazing functions and services in the near future.