During the Six Dynasties, the Confucius Temple area in Nanjing was quite prosperous, and Wuyi Lane, Zhuque Street and Taoyedu were all settlements of aristocratic families at that time. In the Ming Dynasty, Confucius Temple, as an examination room in imperial academy, was crowded with candidates, so many service industries were concentrated here, including various restaurants, teahouses and snacks ... At the same time, brothels in brothels came into being. On the Qinhuai River, there are sayings that "the sound of paddles and lights stretches for miles, and singers play with flowers and boats in the turbid waves" and "painting boats and drums, day and night". The classic drama "Peach Blossom Fan" describes that "pear blossoms are like snow and grass, the Qinhuai River is full of spring, the decoration building is shaded by water, and every household shoots cicadas", which vividly reproduces the deformed and prosperous scene on the Qinhuai River at that time. The architecture of Confucius Temple is full of Ming and Qing colors. It takes Dacheng Hall as the center, forming a central axis from Zhaobi to the north and south of Weishan. The left and right buildings are symmetrically arranged, covering an area of about 26,300 square meters. Surrounded by high walls, there are gates and watchtowers.
This group of large-scale ancient buildings with oriental architectural characteristics has experienced vicissitudes and been abandoned several times. After reconstruction in the eighth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1869), it was destroyed during the Japanese invasion. After liberation, the party and people's government attached great importance to the protection of historical relics and listed them as municipal cultural relics protection units. The municipal government has allocated funds and carefully maintained it for many years, making it a landmark building along the Qinhuai River.
The food culture of Confucius Temple has a long history, which can be traced back to the Six Dynasties, especially the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The dishes and snacks of various factions have unique flavors. Since the reform and opening up, we have excavated and sorted out the scattered folk snacks, innovated on the basis of inheriting the traditional characteristics, and formed Qinhuai snacks represented by the "Eight Musts of Qinhuai". Snacks are provided in a lean way, mixed with meat and vegetables, interspersed with folk performances, with strong local characteristics and cultural atmosphere, making the catering process a process of general cultural appreciation at the same time, reflecting the exquisite combination of catering and culture, which has long-term appeal to Chinese and foreign tourists. At present, there are more than 200 kinds of flavor snacks, which have remarkable economic benefits and become an important pillar of the tourism economy of Confucius Temple and the characteristic culture of this area. In recent years, KFC, McDonald's and other western-style fast food have been introduced one after another, and some night market stalls have been reserved, forming a new dining pattern with a combination of Chinese and western food, high, middle and low grades. Today, Confucius Temple has become a famous "food center". The unique Confucius Temple Food Street was built in 1997, with a total investment of10.50 billion yuan. It is located at the southern end of Confucius Temple, starting from Pingjiangfu Road in the east and Laiyan Road in the west. The architectural shapes are different, the heights are patchy, the blue bricks and small tiles, the white walls and sloping houses are simple and elegant, and they are integrated with the ancient buildings of Confucius Temple. The internal facilities are first-class and quite modern. The antique granite pavement is inlaid with colored square bricks, diamond-shaped flower beds, winding corridors, garden-style squares and classical low street lamps on both sides, creating a warm and elegant atmosphere. There are many well-known catering and entertainment enterprises along the street, such as Yixian Flavor Xuan, Yixian Xuan Ming, Jinlingchun Restaurant, Confucius Temple Lekangcheng, Qinhuai Family and Egret Hotel. Here is a gathering of domestic and foreign cuisines. Combined with the construction of food street, the ancient residence of Wang Xie, which shows the culture of the Six Dynasties, was built, Wuyi Lane was restored, a new landscape area was formed, and the scope of the scenic spot of Confucius Temple was expanded.
Gong Xue
Gong Xue is located on the north side of the backstreet of Dacheng Hall, with the gate of the original "Southeast No.1 School", including the Mingde Hall, Zunjing Pavilion, Qingyun Tower, Chongsheng Temple and other ancient buildings. Mingde Hall is the main building in Gong Xue, where scholars in the imperial examination period came to attend lectures every month. All the learning palaces in China are called "Ming Lun Dian", while the learning palaces in Confucius Temple are called "Mingde Dian" alone. It is said that this is the reason why Wen Tianxiang inscribed the plaque of "Mingde Dian" in Song Dynasty. 1986 During the maintenance of Mingdetang, the four lent houses of Zhidao, Zhide, Anyi and Entertainment on both sides were restored.
Heiweipai
Wuyi Lane, located tens of meters southwest of Confucius Temple, is a quiet and narrow alley. It was once the former residence of Wang Dao and Xie An, famous figures in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the old days, children in Xie Wang were good at black clothes, hence the name. To commemorate Wang Dao and Xie An, Laiyan Hall was built on the east side of Wuyi Lane. The building is simple and elegant, with portraits of Wang Dao and Xie An hanging in the hall, which has become a place to pay tribute to the famous faces of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and express homesickness. Liu Yuxi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a well-known poem: "Wild grass blooms by the Suzaku Bridge, and the sun sets at the corner of Wuyi Lane. In the old days, Wang Xie Tang flew into the homes of ordinary people. " It's embarrassing here Since then, Wuyi Lane has been famous at home and abroad, and tourists are constantly coming.
Jiangnan gongyuan
Jiangnan Gongyuan Exhibition Hall is the only professional museum in China that reflects China's imperial examination system. Jiangnan Palace Garden was built in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 168). At first, it occupied a small area. Later, it expanded continuously in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In its heyday, it ranked first among all Gong Yuan in China, and was called "South Wai" and "North Wai" together with Beijing Shuntian Garden. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty made Nanjing his capital, where he held an after-school exam. During Yongle period, after the capital moved to Beijing, it was still used as the examination room for provincial examinations in Ming and Qing dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty alone, 1 12 scientific examinations were held, among which 49 students from Jiangsu and 9 students from Anhui were selected in the rural examination of Gongyuan in Jiangnan, accounting for 5 1.78% of the total number of top scholars in China. Zheng Banqiao, Wu, Weng Tonghe, Zhang Qian, Chen Duxiu, etc. The buildings of Ming and Qing dynasties all came from here.
There are still a number of precious cultural relics and historical materials left by Qianjiang Nangong Yuan in the exhibition hall. There are 40 rooms in eight rows in the East Building, of which the East Building is the place where the "Simulated jiangnan province Test" is held. Chinese and foreign tourists can wear ancient costumes, enter the building and answer questions, and feel the pain and joy of the imperial examination. More than 100 imperial relics and pictures were also exhibited in the exhibition hall, and TV films such as imperial examination procedures were shown in the video hall. At present, Jiangnan Gongyuan Historical Exhibition Hall has become a place to study the Chinese imperial examination system and an institution to collect cultural relics and historical materials, which has been highly praised by Chinese and foreign people.
After the reconstruction, the Jiangnan Gongyuan Historical Exhibition Hall still retains important historical sites, such as Mingyuan Tower and Gong Yuan Inscription. "Mingyuan Mansion" has three floors, which is the center and tallest building of Gongyuan in the south of the Yangtze River. The word "Mingyuan" comes from the meaning of "university". During his tenure as the temporary director of Jiangnan Gongyuan, patriot Lin Zexu also invented the letter cannon and signal lamp system, which effectively ensured the order of the examination. Mingyuan Building is flanked by stone tablets, displaying provincial cultural relics. There are more than 20 inscriptions on Gongyuan in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which engrave the history of Gongyuan in the south of the Yangtze River, and are the historical testimony of Gongyuan's rise and fall.
Wu (170 1- 1754), whose real name is Wenmu Laoren, was named Qinhuai Ke in his later years. He is a famous satirist in China. In the 11th year of Yongzheng (1733), 33-year-old Wu left his hometown of Quanjiao and moved to Nanjing to live in Qinhuai Water Pavilion. With the expansion of contacts, he further broadened his horizons, and he saw: "those who are interested in fame and fortune and flatter others;" There are people who rely on fame and fortune to make people proud; Some people have no intention of fame, wealth, self-esteem and being laughed at. Wu experienced the world and saw through the decay of eight-part essay. It took ten years to write the first satirical novel The Scholars in Nanjing. In order to commemorate this great scholar, the Qinhuai District Party Committee and the district government plan to rebuild the Qinhuai Water Pavilion next to the Taoyedu site and set up the exhibition hall of Wu's former residence. The exhibition hall is located at the junction of Qingxi River and Qinhuai in Nanjing, adjacent to the ancient Taoyedu, and is called Qinhuai Water Pavilion. The museum covers an area of 800 square meters and is divided into north and south parts. The south is the seat of the ancient Taoye Capital, named after Wang Xianzhi, a great calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, who once welcomed my concubine Ye Tao here. For thousands of years, the literati of past dynasties have been here, reciting poems and writing poems, reminiscing about the past, leaving many beautiful poems and vivid folklore. The northern half is Wu's former residence, which displays various versions of The Scholars, reflecting the representative life fragments of Wu's life and becoming another place to study Wu studies.
bailu lsland
This is a garden featuring bridges. There are as many as 15 small bridges in the park, including elegant and exquisite single-hole bridges, three-hole bridges, seven-hole bridges and pavilion bridges with four corners and double eaves.
Bailuzhou Park, with beautiful scenery, is known as Xu Taifu Garden, Xu Zhongshan Garden and East Garden in history. It is the East Garden of Xu Da Palace, the king of the junior high school in Ming Dynasty. On the eve of liberation, it was in ruins. 195 1 year, combined with the regulation of Qinhuai River, the beach was built to make lakes and flowers were planted widely. Garden buildings such as Yanyuxuan and Huayu Pavilion have been transformed and newly built, and the garden capacity has begun to take shape. 1976 completed and opened for business. The rebuilt Bailuzhou Park takes China natural landscape garden as the main style, and its architecture adopts the traditional style of Jiangnan garden in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which complements the Ming and Qing style architecture in Confucius Temple area. Recently, a water park integrating adventure, excitement, fitness and summer vacation was built, providing a new place for tourists. Bailuzhou Park, close to the downtown area of Confucius Temple, is a good place to get peace in the noise, just like a bright pearl embedded in the Qinhuai scenery belt of Confucius Temple.
Zhanyuan
It is the oldest existing garden in Nanjing with a history of more than 600 years. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang specially built this mansion garden for Xu Da, the king of Zhongshan, because he remembered that the hero Xu Da "had no peace of mind". When Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty made a southern tour, he inscribed the word "Zhanyuan". After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom made Nanjing its capital in 1853, Nanjing became the imperial garden of Dongwangyang and Xiaguanlai successively. It was later destroyed by fire. 1960 The restored Zhanyuan is divided into two scenic spots, east and west. There are also two strange stones in the park-Ren Xianfeng and Yi Yunfeng, which are said to be the remains of the Flower Stone Class in the Song Dynasty.
The theme building of the park is Miao Jing Hall, which is built on the water like a waterside pavilion. The main hall divides the whole garden into two parts: small in the south and small in the north, quiet in the north and noisy in the south. A rockery and a pool are built in the north and south, which are connected by streams. Water lives in front of the mountain and looks at the mountain across the water, which sets each other off. Viewing the garden from the stone wins, and the landscaping effect is skillfully combined with practical functions. "The wonderful scenery is very interesting, and the wonderful tour will be repeated."
Zhanyuan is an important tourist attraction in Qinhuai scenic belt. Among Liu Dunzhen's magnum opus China Gardens, Zhanyuan, as the only representative work of Jinling ancient gardens, has been recorded in the history of China gardens. Now it is listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit. "Garden wins with stones" has become the main feature of Zhanyuan. Today, the rockery in the north of the garden is a relic of the Ming Dynasty. After 1958, Nanjing established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum in the park. Looking at the garden now, the old courtyard is charming, new and handsome, and the deep foundation has added vitality to the times. Exactly: looking forward and looking back are wonderful scenery, and it is appropriate to look back and enjoy the new.
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum
Nanjing Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum is the only museum specializing in the history of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in China, which was established in 195 1. On June 1 956,65438+1October1day, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Memorial Hall was completed in the old Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Palace in Tangzi Street. 196 1 moved to its present address, Zhanyuan Road 128, in May, 1 was officially renamed as the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in June.
Nanjing Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum is a combination of museum and garden. The east side is the exhibition area, which is composed of a group of magnificent ancient buildings, and the west side is the famous classical garden exhibition garden in Jiangnan, which is known as the "first garden in Jinling". The former site of the museum was Xu Da's West Garden in Zhongshan House in the Ming Dynasty more than 600 years ago, and it was Jiangning Administrative Office in the Qing Dynasty, with 3,965,438+0 houses, second only to Nanjing Liangjiang Governor's Office. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it used to be the residence of Yang, the residence of Xiao Youhe, the young king of the West, and the office of Lai, the deputy prime minister of Xia Guan. During the Republic of China, it became the seat of the Ministry of the Interior of Jiangsu Provincial Government.
Nanjing Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum now collects 265,438+040 historical relics of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, 33 first-class collections, and a large number of original files and books. It is a research institution with the largest collection of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom cultural relics and the richest historical materials in China.
In recent years, in order to give full play to the social education function of the museum and cooperate with modern history education and patriotism education, the museum has actively explored new methods and new ways to do a good job in base construction in the new period and situation, and achieved good results. It has been listed as a revolutionary traditional education base for young officers and men in Nanjing Military Region, a patriotic education base in Jiangsu Province and a patriotic education base in Nanjing, and has established co-construction relations with more than ten units including Nanjing University, Southeast University and Provincial Public Security College. Based on our library and radiating the society, we have extensively carried out social publicity and education work, and the number of students visiting has also increased year by year.