1. Geographic Manuscript

Geographic Manuscript Content?

2. The characteristics of the earth are that the equator is slightly bulging and the poles are slightly flat.

from west to east, time begins to change. The north and south are parallel lines, which are relatively equal circles.

East and west are longitude lines, which form parallel circles alone; The equator is the longest and polarization is the point. 3. The division of the eastern, western and northern hemispheres is 2 degrees west longitude and 16 degrees east longitude, and it goes down across the board.

the northern and southern hemispheres are divided into two parts, the equator is zero latitude, the temperate zones of the four seasons are obvious, and the north and south are opposite. 4, day and night alternation and four seasons change, the earth rotates and changes day and night.

around the sun, four seasons appear. One day of rotation, one year of revolution.

from west to east, the direction remains the same. 5. There are five zones on the earth, all of which are divided by four lines; Returning to the intertropical zone, the polar circle is divided into cold and temperature; There are two cold temperatures, and the temperature in five zones is uneven.

① temperature refers to temperature. 6, map direction map direction, put it in front of you; Up north and down south, left west and right east.

the plot is easy to distinguish, but the latitude and longitude network is difficult; Meridian refers to north and south, east and west latitude circle. Polar projection map, the orientation is special: for the northern hemisphere, the heart is four Nan Zhou; East and west in the north latitude circle, the rotation goes counter-clockwise.

for the southern hemisphere, around the north and south of the heart; South latitude circle east and west, rotating clockwise. 7. The total surface area of continents and oceans is * * * 51 million; The percentage of land and water, the ocean accounts for 71.

There are six land blocks, including islands and seven continents; Asia, Africa, North and South America, Antarctica and Europe. The waters are four oceans, and peace is the deepest and widest; Daxi "s"-like, Indian Arctic Ocean.

plate tectonics, six blocks to put together; The block is relatively stable, and there are many earthquakes at the junction. 8. The location of oceans and continents is bounded by continents, and continents are divided by oceans.

The Pacific Ocean is the head of four oceans, which lies between Asia and Australia. The Atlantic Ocean is southwest of North America, and the east coast is critical of Europe and Africa.

the Indian ocean is adjacent to Asia, Africa and Australia, and the south is connected by three rivers. The surface of the Arctic Ocean is the smallest, with three continents of Asia, Europe and North America.

9. The boundaries and locations of the seven continents account for three continents, and Asia, Europe, Africa, and the United States are south. Asia and Europe are integrated, and Wula Gao adds points to both sides; Asia and Africa were originally connected, and the Suey Canal was cut off; Asia and North America are across the water, with the Bering Strait in the middle; China and the United States came to match the north and south, and the Bana Canal blocked it. The area of Oceania is small, and it seems to be broken.

Asia, Europe, Africa and the East Hemisphere, with North and South America occupying the western half, only the Antarctic is independent, and the ice cover is called the plateau. (1) ocean, Oceania.

two beauties, South America and North America. South, Antarctica.

② Wula, Ural Mountains and ural river. Goga, Caucasus mountains.

③ Suez Canal. ④ Bana Canal, Panama Canal.

1. Topography of the Seven Continents (1) Asia Asia has a mixed topography, with a medium height and depressions around it. The alluvial plain is wide and the mountain plateau is large.

rivers radiate, and water resources can be praised. (2) There are many seas on the edge of the European peninsula, and the body is segmented; The mountains live in the north and south, and the central plain is low; The terrain is plain, and the altitude is the first.

(3) The eastern plateau of North America is connected with mountains, and the western mountains are connected with plateaus. The east and west alternate with high continents, which are called lakes and seas in the world.

(4) The Andes in South America is located in the western and eastern plains and plateaus. The terrain is the most in the world, and the plateau plain ranks first.

the western mountains are the longest and the Amazon river basin is wide. The tropical rain forest ranks first in the world, and the grassland is pampas.

(5) Africa, with an average elevation of 6 meters, is known as the continental plateau continent, and the eastern plateau is connected with the western desert plain. (6) Oceania is small, divided into two regions, one continent and two islands.

the mainland is high from east to west, with a basin in the middle. (7) Antarctica is surrounded by Sanyo, which has accumulated ice and snow for many years; More than 2 thousand meters, the highest altitude.

11, seabed topography shallow sea continental shelf, outer continental slope; Ocean basin trench ridge, the ocean floor is unpredictable. 12, terrain changes, terrain changes, internal and external forces.

the sea changes, and the internal force is great; Plate movement, tension and compression, fault fold, high depression; Volcanic earthquake, plate margin. External forces should not be underestimated; Wind and waves, water and ice, erosion changes, over time, cutting high and filling depressions.

13. Weather and climate weather: short-term cloudy, sunny, rainy, cold, hot and windy climate: multi-year average spring and summer and autumn and winter. 14. The temperature distribution is different, with high latitude at low latitude and low latitude at high latitude; Land and sea are different. The land temperature is high in summer and the sea temperature is low, and the terrain is also affected, with a difference of 6℃ per kilometer. 15. Global warming endangers air pollution and global warming; Glaciers melted and the coast was flooded.

it is urgent to take measures. 16, the formation of wind temperature high gas rise, formed under low pressure; Gas comes from high pressure and flows to form wind.

17. High pressure zone 4 and low pressure zone 3 of the earth's pressure zone: between five degrees north and south, the high temperature gas turns upward and the equatorial pressure is low, which is convenient for precipitation; 3 degrees north and south, deflection under airflow, subtropical high pressure, little rain and frequent drought; The polar pressure is low, close to the two poles; It's 6 degrees north and south, and it's extremely low. 18. The earth's wind belts are separated by pressure belts. There are six wind belts: the trade winds are at the equator, the east winds are at the poles, and the north and south westerlies are at 4 or 6 degrees.

19. The conditions for precipitation formation are full of air and steam, and the temperature drops; Condensed nuclei, collision; Weight gain, rain and snow fall. 2, the distribution of precipitation is equatorial heat, precipitation is more: the poles are cold, and precipitation is difficult.

the tropic of cancer, divided into the west; West coast of land, subtropical high zone, trade wind blowing, precipitation deficit; East coast of land, monsoon, warm climate and abundant precipitation. Mid-latitude, inside; Far from the sea, the climate is dry.

21. Factors affecting climate affect climate factors, taking into account four aspects; The latitude position is the first, and the equatorial poles are very different; Secondly, it depends on the land and sea, and the summer in the open sea is cool; Terrain is also very important, so don't be cold and windy; Ocean currents should not be underestimated, and warm currents will make water rich. 22. The distribution and characteristics of natural belts on land are unusual, and the vegetation animals change with it.

according to the distribution of nine natural zones, there are three types of heat and temperature; Sub-cold tundra ice sheet belt, and the mountains change vertically. There is much water on the earth, and the sea is vast; Can only use, fresh water resources.

underground rivers and lakes, the distribution is biased; It is more difficult to meet the needs. Protect resources and save money first; Planting trees and preventing pollution.

seawater desalination takes a long time. (3) Forest resources Forest use: providing timber, concealing water and increasing humidity; Protect fields from wind and soil; Clean the air, ① "natural dispatch".

protect resources, and synchronize planting and cutting. ① Adjust and adjust the atmospheric composition.

clean, purify. (4) There are many kinds of mineral resources, among which coal, iron and oil are the most important.

Russia, Pakistan, China, Australia, India, Canada and the United States (1), and the seven countries have high iron ore reserves; The coal mines are China, the United States and Russia, and the coal quality in Asia, Europe and North America is good; Oil is concentrated in the Middle East, Russia, the United States, China, Mexico and Britain. 1) Pakistan, Brazil.

India, India. 24. World population.

contents of geographical manuscripts

The earth is the third and fifth largest planet from the sun: orbital radius: 149,6, km (1. astronomical units from the sun), planet diameter: 12,756.3 km, mass: 5.9736e24 kg. The earth is the only name that is not obtained from Greek or Roman gods.

the word earth comes from old English and Germanic. There are of course many other languages named here.

In Roman mythology, the goddess of the earth was called Tellus- fertile land (Greek: Gaia, Haiya, Mother Earth). It was not until the Copernican era in the 16th century that people realized that the earth was just a planet. Of course, the earth can be observed without flying machines, but we didn't have a map of the whole planet until the twentieth century.

photos of the earth taken in space are of great value; They have greatly helped weather forecast and storm tracking forecast. And these pictures are very beautiful! The earth is divided into different strata (depth-km) due to different chemical compositions and seismic properties: - 4 crust 27-289 D'' layer-D "layer 4- 4 Upper mantle-upper mantle 289-515 Outer core-outer core 4- 65 Transition region- Transition zone 515-6378 Inner core-Inner Core 65-27 Lower mantle-The thickness of the lower mantle crust is different, which is thinner in the ocean and thicker under the continent.

the core and crust are entities; The outer core and mantle layer are fluids. Different layers are separated by discontinuous sections, which are obtained from seismic data; One of the most famous is the Moho-discontinuous section between the crust and the upper mantle.

most of the mass of the earth is concentrated in the mantle, and most of the rest is in the core; We live in only a small part of the whole (the following value * 1e24kg): atmosphere = .51 ocean = .14 crust = .26 mantle = 4.43 outer core = 1.835 inner core = .9675 The core may be mostly made of iron (or nickel/iron), although it may also be some lighter substances. The temperature in the center of the earth's core may be as high as 75K, which is hotter than the surface of the sun. The lower mantle may be composed of silicon, magnesium, oxygen and some iron, calcium and aluminum; The upper mantle is mostly composed of olivine, pyroxene (iron/magnesium silicate), calcium and aluminum.

These are all data obtained by seismic technology (the so-called seismic technology refers to the method of artificially creating a seismic source, such as a bomb, on the surface and knowing the underground structure by receiving the underground echo); We can only get samples of the upper mantle in magma, but we can't do anything about other layers. The crust is mainly composed of Shi Ying (silicon oxide) and other feldspar-like silicates.

on the whole, the chemical elements of the earth are: 34.6% iron, 29.5% oxygen, 15.2% silicon, 12.7% magnesium, 2.4% nickel, 1.9% sulfur and .5% titanium. The earth is the densest star in the solar system. Other terrestrial planets may have similar structures and material compositions, but there are also some differences: the moon has at least one small core; Mercury has an oversized core (relative to its diameter); The mantle of Mars and the moon is much thicker; The moon and mercury may not have a crust composed of different chemical elements; The earth may be the only earth-like planet with an inner core and an outer core.

it is worth noting that our theory about the internal structure of planets only applies to the earth. Unlike other terrestrial planets, the earth's crust consists of several solid plates, each floating on the hot mantle.

in theory, it is called plate theory. It is described as having two processes: expansion and contraction.

expansion occurs when the two plates are far away from each other, and the magma from below forms a new crust. Shrinkage occurs when two plates collide with each other, and the edge of one of them extends under the other and is destroyed by heating in the hot mantle.

there are many faults at the plate boundary (such as San Andreas fault in California), and there are also collisions between continental plates (such as Indian Ocean plate and Eurasian plate). At present, there are eight plates: North America plate-North America, Northwest Atlantic and Greenland-South America plate-South America and Southwest Atlantic-Antarctica and its coast-Asia-Europe plate-Northeast Atlantic, Europe and Asia except India-Africa, Southeast Atlantic and West Indian Ocean-India and Australia plate. Australia and most of the Indian Ocean (Nazca Plate)-the East Pacific Ocean and parts adjacent to South America (Pacific Plate)-most of the Pacific Ocean (and the southern coast of California) and more than 2 small plates, such as * * *, the Philippine Plate.

earthquakes often occur at the junction of these plates. The surface of the earth is very young.

In the short period of 5 million years (astronomical standard), the process of erosion and tectonics has been repeated, and most of the earth's surface has been formed and destroyed again and again, thus removing most of the original geographical traces (such as craters caused by the impact of stars). In this way, the early history of the earth has been cleared.

The earth has existed for 4.5 to 4.6 billion years, but the oldest known stones are only 4 billion years old, and there are only a handful of stones over 3 billion years old. The earliest biological fossils are less than 3.9 billion years old.

There is no definite record showing the moment when life really began. 71% of the earth's surface is covered with water.

the earth is the only planet that can have liquid water on its surface (although there are liquid ethane and methane on Titan's surface and liquid water on Europa's underground). We know that liquid water is an important condition for the existence of life.

the heat capacity of the ocean is also an important condition to keep the earth's temperature relatively stable. Liquid water has also caused surface erosion and continental climate diversification, which is a unique process in the solar system at present (it may have happened on Mars a long time ago).

The earth's atmosphere is composed of 77% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and trace amounts of argon, carbon dioxide and water. When the earth was initially formed, there may be a lot of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but almost all of it was combined into carbonate rocks, and a small part was dissolved in the ocean or consumed by living plants.

At present, plate tectonics and biological activities maintain the cycle of carbon dioxide. A small amount of stable carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is of great significance to maintain the surface temperature through the greenhouse effect.

The greenhouse effect increased the average surface temperature by 35 degrees Celsius (from-21 degrees Celsius to 14 degrees Celsius); Without it, the ocean would freeze and life would be impossible. The existence of abundant oxygen is very noticeable from a chemical point of view.

oxygen is a very active gas, which is easy to react with other substances quickly in general.

geography handwritten newspaper for the sixth grade (urgently needed)

The material of geography handwritten newspaper Asia is the abbreviation of "Asia Asia". The word "Asia Asia" comes from the Semitic language of ancient people in ancient West Asia and other places. Asia means the place where the sun rises in the east. Asia is the location of China, India and Babylon, which are ancient civilizations in the world, and is also the birthplace of Buddhism, Christianity and Christianity. It has a great influence on the development of world culture. Asia is located in the northeast of the Old Hemisphere, bordering the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Indian Ocean in the south, the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea in the Atlantic Ocean in the west. The mainland reaches Cape Gerzhnev (169 degrees 4 minutes west longitude and 6 degrees 5 minutes north latitude) in the east, Cape Piet (13 degrees 3 minutes east longitude and 1 degree 17 minutes north latitude) in the south and Cape Baba (26 east longitude) in the west. North to Chelyoskin Point (14 degrees 18 minutes east longitude and 77 degrees 43 minutes north latitude). It has the widest latitude in all continents, with almost all climatic zones and natural zones from the equator to the Arctic.