. Germans who destroyed the Roman Empire In the 5th century A.D., the Germans surrounded Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire, and the Roman emperor was forced to send messengers to make peace. Unable to persuade the Germans to give up their terms, the emissary bluffed, saying that Rome was already ready. The German leader was arrogant and said, "The more lush the grass grows, the easier it is to cut." As a result, the Germans destroyed the Roman Empire.

Germanic people belong to the Europa race, originally scattered in the Germania region between the Vistula River, the Danube River, the Rhine River, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea in Europe, and are a national group with similar culture and language. Southern Scandinavia and jutland are their hometowns. The ancient Greeks and Romans called them "Germanic". The Germanic language they speak is a family of languages.

Germans were originally nomadic people. In the 1st century BC, it was divided into east, west and north branches, and began to settle down and manage agriculture. French, Germans, Dutch, Danes, Swedes, Anglo-Saxons and other modern nations are all related to the Germans.

The Germans once had a great influence on the course of world history. From the 2nd century AD, Germans began to migrate to the south. Due to the effective defense of the Romans, the Germans' southward movement was blocked, and they invaded the Salmatian region to the southeast, occupying the lower reaches of the Danube, the Black Sea and the northern shore of the Azov Sea and confronting the Roman Empire. In 374, the Xiongnu in the East crossed the Don River, suddenly appeared in the territory of the Germanic East Gothic Tribal Alliance, and quickly conquered and defeated ostrogoths. The Xiongnu continued to migrate westward based on the grassland in southern Russia, forcing the Germanic Visigoth tribal alliance to flee to the Roman Empire and began a famous national migration. In the wave of migration, the Roman Empire fell, the Germans swept across Europe and successively established the Visigoth Kingdom and the Frankish Kingdom. Kingdom of Vandal, etc., and entered North Africa. These kingdoms changed the political, social and cultural conditions in the areas ruled by the former Roman Empire. Later, the northern Germanic people migrated south again from Scandinavia and jutland, which had a great influence on Britain, France and Scandinavian countries.

Germanic culture has its own characteristics. Gothic art is a kind of art based on new architecture that emerged after the 12th century, including sculpture, painting and arts and crafts. This architectural style is an anti-Romanesque thick and dark semi-circular arch, which widely uses pointed arches with light lines, small minarets with beautiful shapes, stained glass inlaid flower windows, slender columns or cluster columns. This kind of architecture and many traditional arts after the Middle Ages were produced after the Great Migration. Scandinavian architecture, metal ornaments and bronze and silver carving utensils are also part of Germanic culture.

The French who built the Louvre Museum in France has the richest collection of world famous works of art.. The builder of this splendid and beautiful building is French. It is the largest ethnic group in France in western Europe, belonging to the Mediterranean and other types of Europa people, and uses French.

In today's France, the first inhabitants were Celts, and the Romans called them Gauls. After the Gauls were conquered by the Romans, they gradually formed Gaul Romans with Roman immigrants. Later, a Frankish group of Germans conquered most of Gaul and established the Frankish Kingdom. Some Germans were gradually assimilated by Gaul Romans, which formed the foundation of modern French. In the middle of the 9th century, the Normans who entered the northwest of France were also assimilated and became a member of the French nation. After the division of Charlemagne Empire, most of the Romance-speaking areas west of the Rhine River were placed under the jurisdiction of the West Frankish Kingdom and began to be called "France". This is the first time to separate France from Germany in language and geography. The French Revolution is the final stage of the formation of the modern French nation.

The French are a nation with extremely developed culture, and they have many excellent writers, thinkers and artists. The great Hugo, Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu and Rodin are admired by people all over the world. French architecture is very artistic. The famous Palace of Versailles is an art palace, and the Eiffel Tower is also world-famous.

Italians who created Roman culture are the largest ethnic group in Italy in southern Europe, belonging to the European alpine type and the Mediterranean type, and they use Italian, with about 6 million people.

ancient Italians entered the Italian peninsula in 1 BC. One of them, a Latin tribe, lived in the Latin Plain in the middle of the peninsula and founded the city of Rome in 754 BC. From the 6th century BC to the 2nd century BC, Latin tribes successively conquered the northern and southern parts of the peninsula and occupied some nearby islands. From the 1st century to the 2nd century, the Italian nation began to form. After the great national migration, the Italians merged with ostrogoths and Franks.

Italians have been engaged in agriculture, fishery and animal husbandry since ancient times. The northern and central parts of Italy are agricultural areas, the coastal areas and islands of various countries are fishing areas, and the southern part is animal husbandry areas. Their handicrafts, commerce and navigation are very developed. After the Second World War, Italy's industry developed rapidly, ranking in the forefront of the world in shipbuilding, aviation, automobile manufacturing and machine tool production, and becoming a developed industrial country.

Italians created splendid ancient Roman culture and Italian culture. Poets Virgil, Horace, historian Tacitus, philosophers Lucretius and Seneca are all representatives of ancient Roman culture. In the 14th century, Italy first set off a great "Renaissance" movement, which later spread to other European countries. In this movement, Italy produced the famous poet Dante and the great painter Da? Finch. Italians have also made great achievements in architectural art, modeling and garden art.

The Vatican, a Catholic country that affects the world, is near the city of Rome, where many precious works of art are gathered. Most Italians believe in Catholicism.

"European thinker" Germans are one of the ethnic groups in central Europe, mainly distributed in Germany, with about 8 million people. Another 1 million people live in the United States, the former Soviet Union, Canada, Brazil and other countries. Germans belong to Europa, Nordic type and Alpine type, and use German.

Germans are mostly direct descendants of ancient Germanic ministries. Later, the Frankish kingdom was divided into East and West Franks, and the Germanic tribes living on the right bank of the Rhine River, which had little cultural influence, were classified as East Franks, thus providing the same region for the formation of Germans. In 919, the first German dynasty was established. The name "Germany" comes from "the holy Roman Empire of the German nation". The German nation has been in a state of feudal drama for a long time. Germans have traditional agriculture and animal husbandry. Modern Germans have developed industries and have strong strength in instrumentation, automobile manufacturing, electrical appliances and electronics, and chemical industry.

As the reunification of the German nation was not completed until the second half of the 19th century, there were obvious local differences among Germans due to long-term feudal separatism and other reasons. According to the characteristics of dialects, cultures and customs, Germans can be divided into Hessians, Saxons, mecklenburg, Bavarians, etc.

Germans are a nation with a high level of culture and education, which has an important influence on European and world culture. Martin? Great thinkers such as Luther, Freud, Kant, Mogel, Feuerbach, Marx and Engels are all Germans, so Germans are called "European thinkers". Literary works created by Lessing, Goethe and Heine are also world-renowned.

Anglo-Saxons on the island of Great Britain The Anglo-Saxons are the largest ethnic group on the island of Great Britain in the Atlantic Ocean, also known as "English" and "English". They are mainly distributed in England and Wales, and a few are in Scotland and Northern Ireland. There are about 5 million people who use English. They belong to the Europa race, mostly in the Atlantic and Baltic types, and some are distributed in South Africa, Australia, the United States and Canada.

The ancestors of Anglo-Saxons came from the European continent, and they were the Anglo-Saxons among the Germanic people. The indigenous people of Great Britain are Iberians from the Pyrenees Peninsula, who are famous for creating the culture of megalithic stones. Later, Britons, Biergers and others from Kaelte entered the island of Great Britain from the mainland, assimilated the indigenous people, and formed the earliest foundation of Anglo-Saxons. From the 5th century, the Angles and Saxons entered Britain. They assimilated and destroyed some Celts, and drove others to the mountainous areas in the southwest and northwest. In the 9th century, the Danish invasion of Britain promoted the formation of Anglo-Saxons. In 166, the Normans from France conquered Britain, and they merged with Anglo-Saxons after the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France.

The Anglo-Saxons set a precedent for capitalist countries in modern times, and took the lead in developing modern industry. They are a nation with a high level of modernization. They have established colonies all over the world, calling themselves. "The sun never sets" in the British Empire, so English has become the universal language.

The Anglo-Saxons are highly educated and have produced many scientists.

writers and artists. Russell, Chaucer, Shakespeare, Scott and Hardy are all world cultural celebrities.

Anglo-Saxons are all over the world now, and they have also brought their own style to all parts of the world, which has become the most common model of western tradition in people's minds.

Greeks who laid the foundation for modern civilization The Greeks are the largest ethnic group in the Balkan Peninsula in southwest Europe, belonging to the Europa Mediterranean type and the Alpine type. They use Greek, and there are about ten million people. Another nearly 2 million people are distributed in the United States, the former Soviet Union, Australia and other places.

The ancient Greeks created the ancient Aegean civilization. Since 2 BC, some Indo-European speaking tribes have successively entered the Greek Peninsula, established a series of city-states and gradually formed the ancient Greek nation. In 1832, the Kingdom of Greece was established, and in 1974 it was changed to * * * and the Republic.

The Greeks created a splendid ancient Greek civilization, which had a far-reaching influence on the cultures of many countries in the world. They have done a lot of pioneering work in architecture, sculpture, astronomy and mathematics. In literature, there are "Homer's Epic", "Aesop's Fables" and other works, as well as tragedies by Aeschylus and comedies by aristophanes. Philosophers Heraclitus, Democritus and Plato are famous. Aristotle was not only a philosopher, but also made great contributions to science. Greece is also the birthplace of the modern Olympic movement.

Greece was mainly engaged in agriculture, fisheries, handicrafts and commerce in ancient times, and its industry and commerce were relatively developed. In modern times, the shipping industry is very developed. The Greeks still preserved many traditional customs. Tight-sleeved tights, short skirts, white tights and high socks, shoes with red velvet balls, are traditional costumes of Greek men.

The Spaniard, who is famous for bullfighting, is the largest ethnic group in Spain in Iberian Peninsula in southwest Europe, belonging to the Europa Mediterranean type and the Alpine type, and uses Spanish, with about 3 million people.

The formation of Spaniards is very complicated. The original inhabitants of Iberian Peninsula were Iberians from North Africa, who created bronze culture in 3 BC. Later, they lived together with the Celts who moved to the peninsula and gradually formed Iberian-Celts. Influenced by Roman culture, they formed their own national culture. In the 5th century, the Vandals, Soviets and Visigoths among the Germans invaded the peninsula and ruled for 3 years. Since the 8th century, Moors from North Africa have ruled the peninsula for 8 years. The cultures of these foreign nationalities have also had a great influence on the Spanish culture. After the Moors were driven away, the Spanish established a unified country and the Spanish nation finally formed. Due to complicated historical reasons, there are great local differences among Spaniards today, which can be divided into three cultural systems: Castilla, Aragon and Andalusia.

Spain became a maritime power and colonial empire in 16th century, and its fleet was called "invincible", which spread their culture to the colonies and had a great influence on the formation of new nations in the colonies (especially in Latin America).

In the past, most Spaniards were engaged in agricultural production, and some places still maintain the traditional manor management mode. Now, tourism is very developed.

Spanish bullfighting and flamenco dancing are world-famous. The Spanish guitar is a distinctive folk musical instrument. The architecture is also unique. In literature, there are a large number of outstanding writers such as Cervantes.

The ethnic Hungarians founded by the seven brothers are said that at the end of the 9th century, seven tribes in present-day Hungary became brothers, elected the leader of Madzar tribe as king, and established the Kingdom of Hungary. Since then, the saying that "seven brothers created a nation" has been passed down to this day.

Hungarians are the largest ethnic group in Hungary in central Europe, also known as "magyars". They belong to a mixed type of Europa and Mongolian, and use Hungarian, with about 1 million people. Their ancestors first lived in the forest area between the middle reaches of Volga River and Kama River, and then gradually migrated south. In the 9th century, they lived in present-day Hungary. In 1 AD, the Kingdom of Hungary was established.

At first, Hungarians were mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, and the orchard industry was particularly developed. At present, agriculture is still the main production sector in Hungary, and industry has developed greatly.

Most Hungarians in rural areas live in mud-wood houses with courtyards. The national costume is similar to that of the Slavs in the south. Men wear coarse linen with wide sleeves and narrow tops, white trousers and long boots. Women wear wide-sleeved tops, skirts, long boots and embroidered skirts.

The Hungarian cavalry is very famous. They are very powerful, wearing a hat without eaves and a long curved sabre around their waist. Modern Hungarians still like riding horses.

Hungarians have a long history of civilization and distinctive culture. Petofi is a world-famous poet. Liszt is a world-famous pianist and composer. He has created many piano music in his life and initiated the music genre of symphonic poetry. He is known as the "keyboard devil". Hungarians are also rich in dance, music and folk literature.

The Danes, descendants of the ancient Danes, are the largest ethnic group in Denmark in northern Europe, belonging to the Nordic type of Europa, and use Danish, with about 5 million people. They are very tall, with fair skin, blond hair and blue eyes.

The early history of the Danes is closely related to the Norwegians and Swedes. Their ancestors once formed the northern branch of the Germans and lived in Scandinavia. Jutland, where Danes live today, was once the hometown of some Germanic tribes. During the great national migration, these tribes gradually moved south. Soon, the Germanic tribes in Scandinavia moved here, mixed with the local people, and named the land "Denmark" after the tribal name "Dane", which means "Dane country". Later, they absorbed some Slavs and Frisians and formed the Danish nation in the 1th century. In 985, Denmark was established.

In the past, Danes lived mainly on fishery, animal husbandry and agricultural production, and these production departments still occupy an important position. Their shipbuilding, navigation, commerce and handicrafts have been developed since ancient times. At present, rural Denmark has been generally electrified.

Danes have a high level of literature and art, and have produced literary masters such as fairy tale writer Andersen and playwright Holberg. In daily life, they still keep many traditional habits.