Every tree and grass is a soldier

This idiom comes from The Book of Jin. A Record of Fu Jian, which shows that the soldiers are elite when they climb the city and look at Julian Waghann. Looking north at the vegetation on Bagong Mountain, they are all humanoid.

in 383 ad, Fu Jian, the former Qin emperor who basically unified the north, led 9, soldiers and horses to attack the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south. The Eastern Jin Dynasty appointed Xie Shi as a general, Xie Xuan as a pioneer, and led 8, soldiers to fight.

After Qin Jun striker Fu Rong captured Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), Fu Shu personally led 8, cavalry to the city. He listened to Fu Rong's judgment and thought that the Jin soldiers were vulnerable. As long as his follow-up army arrived, they would surely win a great victory. So he sent a man named Zhu Xu to surrender to Xie Shi.

Zhu Xu was an official of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After seeing Xie Shi, he reported the protection situation in Qin Jun and suggested that the Jin army attack Luojian (now Dongluo River in Huainan, Anhui) before the follow-up army of the former Qin Dynasty arrived. Xie Shi followed his advice, sent troops to attack the Qin camp, and the result was a great victory. Jin marched on Shouyang.

when Fu Jian learned that Luojian was defeated, Jin soldiers were coming to Shouyang. He was shocked and immediately boarded Shouyang Chengtou with Yu Rong to personally observe the movement of Jin troops on the other side of Feishui. It was the middle of winter, and it was cloudy. From a distance, the sky above the water was gray. Looking carefully, there are many masts and warships, and the Jin soldiers are armed with knives and halberds. The lineup is very neat. He couldn't help secretly praising Jin soldiers for their orderly protection and well-trained.

Then, Fu Jian looked north again. There is Bagong Mountain across, and there are eight rolling peaks on the mountain. The terrain is very dangerous. The base camp of Jin soldiers was stationed at the foot of Bagong Mountain. With a northwest wind whistling by, the swaying vegetation on the mountain is like countless soldiers moving. Fu Jian suddenly turned pale and said to Fu Rong in horror, "Jin Bing is a strong enemy. How can you say that it is a weak soldier?"

Soon, Fu Jian, in the plan of Xie Xuan, ordered the troops to retreat slightly, so that the Jin soldiers could survive the decisive battle at the water. As a result, when the Qin army retreated, it trampled on itself, was in flight, and was defeated.

this battle is a famous battle at the foot of water in history, and it is a famous war example in history, in which less wins more and weaker wins stronger.

live and work in peace and contentment

The source of Laozi

Sweet food, beautiful clothes, living in peace, and enjoying its customs.

Definition means a happy and stable life.

In the Spring and Autumn Period of the story, there was a famous philosopher and thinker. His surname was Li, his name was Er, and his word Yong. It is said that when he was born, he had white hair. A little old man with a white beard; So people call him "Lao Zi"; He also said that he was born under a plum tree, so his surname was Li; Because his ears are very big, he is called "ear". In fact, Laozi is a respectful name for him. He was always dissatisfied with the reality at that time, and opposed the wave of innovation in society at that time, and wanted to go back. He is nostalgic for the ancient primitive society, and thinks that material progress and cultural development have destroyed people's simplicity and brought people pain, so he longs for an ideal society of "small country and few people". Lao described his idea of a "small country with few people" society like this: the country is small and the people are scarce. Even if there are many appliances, don't use them. Don't let people take risks with their lives, and don't move far away. Even if there are vehicles and boats, no one will ride them. Even if there are weapons and equipment, there is nowhere to use them. It is necessary for people to re-use the ancient method of tying knots to keep records, eat sweetly, dress comfortably and live comfortably, and be satisfied with the original customs and habits. Neighboring countries can see each other. Crows and dogs can hear each other, but people don't communicate with each other until they die of old age.

Perseverance

Qiao Xuan, an official in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was dignified and hated evil. Once, a gang of robbers tied up his 1-year-old son and brought him into his house, demanding that Qiaoxuan, who was ill, immediately take money to redeem it, and was angered by Qiaozhi. Soon, the officers and men surrounded the Qiaojia family, fearing that the robbers would kill Qiaozhi's son, and were afraid to start work. At this time, Qiao Xuan shouted angrily: "Can I let these bad guys go because of my son's life?" Urge the officers and men to start work quickly. As a result, Qiaoxuan's son was killed by robbers. People praised Qiao Xuan as "indomitable" and always kept moral integrity.

Perseverance

In the autumn of the third year of Emperor Han's reign, there was a sudden rumor that there was going to be a flood in Chang 'an, the capital city, and Chang 'an would be swallowed up by the water. During the brake time, all the people in Chang 'an were alarmed, and everyone helped the old and the young and rushed to escape.

As soon as the news reached the palace, Emperor Han Chengdi immediately summoned hundreds of civil and military officials to the palace to discuss the countermeasures. Emperor Cheng's uncle and general Wang Feng also panicked and advised Emperor Cheng and the Empress Dowager to hide on the boat and prepare for evacuation. Ministers also echoed Wang Feng's opinion. Only Prime Minister Sun Wang Shang resolutely opposes it. He thinks that the flood can't come suddenly, it must be a rumor, and it can't be easily evacuated at this critical moment, which will only make people more flustered. Emperor Cheng adopted the advice of Wang Shang. After a while, there was no flood in the city, and the rumors were broken, and the order in the city was slowly restored. After investigation, it is true that the rumors are untrue. Emperor Cheng appreciated Wang Shang's ability to push through public opinions. Wang Feng, however, thought it was Wang Shang who made him unable to step down, so he was dissatisfied.

Wang Feng has a relative named Yang Gui, who is the prefect of Lang Na. Because the place under his jurisdiction was not well managed, Wang Shang wanted to punish him. Wang Feng personally went to Wang Shang to intercede for Yang Gui and excuse him. Wang Shang insisted on the principle and removed Yang Guan from his official position. Wang Feng was even more bitter and tried every means to retaliate. So he colluded with his accomplices and framed Wang Shang. Han Chengdi finally listened to the slanderers and dismissed Wang Shang as prime minister.

however, it is a public opinion of right and wrong. Ban Gu, the author of Hanshu, commented on Wang Shang when he wrote his biography: he is honest, fair and unyielding. Such comments are very objective and fair.

last stand

Han Xin was born in Huaiyin (now southwest of Qingjiang River in Jiangsu Province). He is a general under Hanwang Liu Bang. In order to defeat Xiang Yu and seize the world, he set a plan for Liu Bang, first captured Guanzhong, then crossed the Yellow River eastward, defeated and captured Wei Wangbao who betrayed Liu Bang and obeyed Xiang Yu, and then attacked Zhao Wangxie eastward.

Han Xin's troops have to pass through a very narrow mountain pass called Jingxingkou. Li Zuojun, the counselor of the Prince of Zhao, advocated that while blocking the mouth of Jingxing, he sent troops to copy the path to cut off the provisions of the Han army. Without backup, Han Xin's expeditionary forces would surely fail. But Chen Yu, the general, refused to listen, and insisted on fighting the Han army head-on, relying on his military superiority.

Han Xin was very happy to learn about this situation. He ordered the troops to camp 3 miles away from Jingxing, and in the middle of the night, let the soldiers have some snacks and tell them to eat after winning the battle. Later, he sent 2, Qingqi to advance covertly from the path, asking them to rush into the Zhao camp quickly after Zhao left the camp and put on the Han flag. Another 1, troops were sent to seduce Zhao by deliberately lining up the river.

at dawn, Han Xin led an attack and the two sides fought fiercely. Soon, the Han army was defeated back to the water position for a pretence, and all Zhao troops left the camp and came to pursue. At this time, Han Xin ordered the main force to attack, and the soldiers who had no retreat turned around and pounced on the enemy. Zhao couldn't win and was about to return to the camp. Suddenly, the flag of the Han army had been inserted in the camp, so he fled in all directions. The Han army pursued the victory and won a great victory.

When celebrating the victory, the generals asked Han Xin: "According to the art of war, the array can be backed by mountains, and the water can be in front of it. Now you want us to queue with water on our backs, and you also say that we can beat Zhao and have a full meal. We didn't believe it at that time, but we actually won. What kind of strategy is this?"

Han Xin said with a smile, "This is something in the art of war, but you just didn't notice it. Didn't the art of war say,' If you are trapped in death, you will be born later, and if you leave it behind, you will survive'? If there is a retreat, the soldiers have fled, how can they be desperate! "

The idiom "last stand" evolved from this story, which is mostly used in military actions and can also be used in actions with the nature of "decisive battle".

it's not far away

source: "Mencius Liang Huiwang" Mencius meets Liang Huiwang. The king said, "Support! Come a long way, will it benefit our country? "

definition: "not far from a thousand miles" is also called "not far from a thousand miles", which means that you don't have to travel a thousand miles to a place, and it is a metaphor for not being afraid of the long journey.

Story: When Liang Huiwang met Mencius, he enthusiastically said, "Sir, you didn't come to our state of Wei thousands of miles away, so you must have brought benefits to my country."

Mencius replied, "Your Majesty, why do you talk about profit as soon as you open your mouth? Just have benevolence and righteousness. If the king says how to benefit my country, the doctor says how to benefit my fief, and the scholars and the people say how to benefit themselves, it will be dangerous to pursue self-interest from top to bottom. " Then Mencius said: "In a country that can dispatch 1, personnel carriers, it must be a doctor's house that can dispatch 1 personnel carriers to murder their monarch;" In a second-class country that can dispatch 1, personnel carriers, the murderer of their monarch must be a doctor's house that can dispatch 1 personnel carriers. Doctors in big countries can get thousands of personnel carriers from countries with thousands of personnel carriers, and doctors in second-class countries can get hundreds of personnel carriers from countries with thousands of personnel carriers. These doctors can't say too much about their industries, but they will never be satisfied. So you can't promote self-interest. "

Liang Huiwang was very touched and asked anxiously, "What does that gentleman think should be done?" Mencius said: "A man who never speaks benevolence will abandon his parents, and a man who has no handout will disrespect his monarch. Therefore, your majesty, you only need to talk about righteousness, so why talk about profit? "

An old horse knows the way

Source: Han Feizi. On the Forest, Guan Zhong and Ji (xi) friends cut solitary bamboo from Huan Gong, and returned from spring to winter, confusing and losing their way. Guan Zhong said, "The wisdom of an old horse can be used." It is to release the old horse and follow it, and then get the road.

definition: "the way". The old horse knows the road. It means that experienced people are familiar with the situation and can play a guiding role in a certain aspect.

Story: In 663 BC, at the request of Yan State, Qi Huangong sent troops to attack Shanrong, which invaded Yan State, accompanied by Guan Zhong, the prime minister, and Ji Peng, a doctor. The Qi army went to war in spring, and it was winter when they returned home in triumph, and the vegetation changed. The army wandered around in a valley with high mountains and mountains, and finally lost its way and could never find its way back; Although many scouts were sent to explore the road, they still couldn't figure out where to get out of the valley. Over time, the army's supplies became difficult. The situation is very critical. If we don't find a way out, the army will be trapped here. Guan Zhong thought for a long time and came up with an idea: since dogs can find their way home far away from home, horses in the army, especially old horses, will also have the ability to know the way. So he said to Qi Huangong, "Your Majesty, I think the old horse has the ability to find the way. You can use it to lead the way ahead and lead the army out of the valley." Qi Huangong agreed to give it a try. Guan Zhong immediately picked out several old horses, untied the reins and let them walk freely at the front of the army. It's strange that all these old horses are marching in the same direction without hesitation. The army followed them east and west, and finally walked out of the valley and found the road back to Qi.

The story comes from Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-two Years of Xi Gong. The idiom "retreat from three houses" means not to argue with others or make concessions voluntarily.

The story is from Mandarin Wu Yu. The idiom "in full swing" describes the large lineup and momentum of a certain group of people or things.

The story can be found in Zi Zhi Tong Jian Tang Ze was granted two years after the Emperor. The idiom "please go to the urn" means to punish yourself with someone.

The story comes from The Book of Jin Wen Yuan Zuo Si Zhuan. The idiom "Luoyang paper is expensive" praises the popularity of outstanding works.

The story comes from Shi Shuo Xin Yu False Prophecy. The idiom "looking at plums to quench thirst" is a metaphor for comforting yourself or others with fantasy.

The story is from Liezi Tang Wen. The idiom "high mountains and flowing water" is a metaphor for bosom friends and beautiful music.

The story comes from Historical Records and Biography of Meng Changjun. The idiom "a cock crows and a dog steals" refers to a humble skill or a person with this skill.

the story comes from the Book of Jin Fu Jian Zai Ji. The idiom "all plants are soldiers" describes the panic psychology of nervousness and paranoia.

The story can be found in Zhuangzi Lieyu Kou. The idiom "seek for a pearl" means that writing an article can stick to the theme and grasp the main points.

The story comes from Su Shi's "Wen Yu Ke yún dāng Gu Yan Zhu Ji" in the Northern Song Dynasty. "Have a well-thought-out plan" is a metaphor for being fully prepared before doing things and being very sure of the success of things; It is also a metaphor for being calm and very calm.

The story comes from Du Yu's Biography of the Book of Jin. The idiom "like a broken bamboo" describes the victory of the battle without stopping.

The story comes from Yang Shen's Yi Lin De Shan in the Ming Dynasty. The idiom "follow the map" means to do things mechanically in the old way, not knowing how to adapt; It is also a metaphor for finding things according to certain clues.

burning the joint venture: \

This is true, but it is not Zhuge Liang's plan, but Huang Gai's plan. As for the southeast wind, it just happened that there was a southeast wind, so it was recorded in the history books: Cao Gong died in the sky.

There will be no words from Zhuge Liang's p>< in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms: If you want to break Cao Gong, you must attack with fire, everything is ready, only the east wind is needed, and this matter is fabricated by Luo Guanzhong. < Three kingdoms > > Recording this incident is Huang Gai's plan, which is the same as the idiom "Zhou Yu hits Huang Gai".

The straw boat borrows an arrow:

This incident did exist, but it was not Zhuge Liang's plan. The real person was Sun Quan, who happened not in Battle of Red Cliffs, but several years later. It was also a coincidence that Sun Quan ran into Cao Cao and had no choice but to borrow an arrow from the straw boat.

Cao Gong's 8,-strong army said. Zhang Zhao said: Cao Gong has millions of people. Actually, Cao Cao won about 2, water troops except Liu Biao, and there were not many other long-distance expeditions. Battle of Red Cliffs was just an encounter, that is, it was not predetermined. According to historical records, some academic studies said that Cao Cao's army in Battle of Red Cliffs actually had only 5, people. That's why they were defeated. And the hundreds of thousands of troops left by Liu Biao didn't come in handy in this battle.

Cao Cao defeated Huarong Road:

This happened, but one thing didn't happen in the middle, that is, Guan Yu stayed on Huarong Road, which was completely false. When Cao Cao defeated Huarong Road, he ordered the old, weak and disabled soldiers to pave the road with grass, and the cavalry passed before the road was paved, and many people died. The vernacular is that Liu Bei has always been my opponent. Unfortunately, he made a mistake this time. If he sent troops to Huarong Road, I wouldn't be able to get out alive today. This shows the falsehood of this matter. Besides, Cao Cao was defeated when he said this. He was joking, which shows that Cao Cao is a real hero.