Fan Zhongyan (989-152), born in Wuxian, Suzhou (now Jiangsu), was born in Xiwen, Han nationality. After the prime minister of Tang dynasty walked on the ice. A famous politician, thinker, militarist and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, his ancestral home was in Zhangzhou (now Binxian County, Shaanxi Province), and later he moved to Wuxian County, Suzhou (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province). He is honest in government, sympathetic to the people's feelings, upright and outspoken, and advocates reform. He has been repeatedly slandered by traitors and demoted several times. In 152 (Emperor Zuo's fourth year), he died in Xuzhou on May 2th at the age of 64. In December of that year, he was buried in Wanan Mountain, southeast of Luoyang, Henan Province, and was named Duke of Chu and Duke of Wei. There is Fan Wenzheng Gongji handed down from ancient times, and there is a photographic edition of Four Series, with Chronicle and Records of Words and Actions.
childhood
Fan Zhongyan was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu. Great-grandfather Fan Mengling was the judge of Wu Hu's national festival, and grandfather Fan Zanshi was the secretary supervisor of Wu Yueguo. Father Fan Yong, who worked in the shogunate of King Wu Yue, went to the Song Dynasty with King Qian of Wu Yue. In the early years of Duangong (988), he went to Xuzhou to be the secretary of Wuning Army (the secretary of Xuzhou military chief) and died in 99. Xie was poor and helpless, holding two-year-old Fan Zhongyan, and remarried to Zhu Wenhan, henan village, the governor of Shandong Zi County (now Fan Gong Village, Zouping County). Fan Zhongyan also changed his surname to Zhu Shuo (known as Yue) and grew up in Zhujiajian.
Fan Zhongyan has been studying very hard since he was a child. Zhujia is a rich family in Changshan, but in order to inspire himself, he often goes to Liquan Temple, a nearby Changbai Mountain, to study in a boarding school. In the morning and evening, he reads satirical recitations, which left a deep impression on monks: at that time, his life was extremely hard. He only cooked a bowl of thick porridge every day, and when it cooled, he cut it into four pieces. He took two pieces in the morning and evening, mixed a few pickles, mixed them with vinegar juice and ate them. Later generations had the reputation of breaking porridge and rowing, but he didn't mind this poor life at all, and used all his energy to find his own fun in the book.
After almost three years, the books in Changshan Township have gradually failed to meet his needs. An accidental incident exposed the secret of Fan Zhongyan's family background. He found that he was originally the son of the Fan family in Suzhou, and he has been living on the care of his stepfather for years. Fan Zhongyan was deeply stimulated and shocked by this incident. Under the intersection of shame and anger, he decided to leave the Zhujiajian family and set up his own family. He will stay outstanding in the future and then take over his mother. So he hurriedly packed a few simple clothes, put on a piano sword, and despite Zhu Jiahe's mother's obstruction, he said goodbye to his mother in tears and left Changshan to study on foot.
Studying
In 111, the 23-year-old Fan Zhongyan came to Yingtianfu Academy in Suiyang (formerly located in Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province). Yingtianfu Academy is one of the four famous academies in Song Dynasty, with 15 school buildings and thousands of books. In 143, Song Renzong changed Yingtianfu Academy to imperial academy in Nanjing, and became the highest institution of higher learning in the Northern Song Dynasty, along with imperial academy in Kaifeng, Tokyo and imperial academy in Luoyang, Xijing. What's more, there are many teachers and students here who are both ambitious and intelligent. To study in such a college, there are not only famous teachers to consult, but also many students to learn from each other, and there are a lot of books to read. Besides, the college is free of charge, which is especially welcome for Fan Zhongyan, who is financially strapped. Yingtianfu was later renamed Nanjing, and Yingtianfu Academy was also called Nandu Academy. Fan Zhongyan cherishes the brand-new learning environment and studies day and night. One of Fan Zhongyan's classmates and the son of Nanjing Liushou (the highest official in Nanjing) saw him eat porridge all year round and sent him some delicious food. He didn't taste a bite and let the delicious food go moldy. It was not until people blamed him that he gave a long bow of thanks and said, "I am content with the life of rowing porridge and cutting clams, and I am worried that once I enjoy a good meal, I will not be able to swallow porridge and pickles in the future." Fan Zhongyan's hard life is a bit like Confucius' sage Yan Hui; A bowl of rice, a ladle of water, in a mean alley, others complain bitterly, but Yan Hui doesn't change his pleasure. < P > Fan Zhongyan's years-old study is also from Zhixia in spring to winter in autumn; Dance a sword in the morning, go home confused and sleep in the middle of the night. Others look at flowers and enjoy the moon, but he only finds pleasure in the Six Classics. "Baiyun rogue emperor Xiang Yao, Han Yuan who played Dong Xiao? It's hard not to sing a bird, but a thin talent can still endow an emu. If you think about Yan Zi's heart, you will be happy, and the piano will be sold when you hate it in the middle of the day. But if Sven Tian is not lost, why should Jian Song blame the mountain seedlings? " (This poem was written by Fan Zhongyan to Yan Shu, a classmate of the academy.) After several years, Fan Zhongyan's theme of Confucian classics, such as The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Yijing, The Book of Rites, Chunqiu, etc., has been called Datong: poetry writing, but also generously taking the world as his responsibility.
in the seventh year of Dazhong xiangfu (ad 114), Song Zhenzong, a superstitious Taoist, led a hundred officials to Bozhou (now Bozhou city, Anhui province) to worship the Taiqing palace. The mighty chariots and horses passed by Nanjing (now Shangqiu City, Henan Province, the same below), and the whole city caused a sensation. People rushed to see the emperor, but one student stayed at home and still buried himself in his studies. A good classmate came to persuade him: "Go and see, this is a golden opportunity, don't miss it!" But the student just casually said, "It's never too late to see you again," and went on reading his book without looking up. Sure enough, in the second year, he was a scholar. This student is Fan Zhongyan, a great reform thinker in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Exam
In the autumn of the seventh year (114) and the spring of the eighth year (115), Dazhong Xiangfu passed the imperial examination and became a scholar. When he took part in the imperial examination in Chongzheng Hall, he first saw Emperor Zhenzong, who was nearly fifty years old. Later, he was honored to attend a banquet given by the imperial government. In February, Bianjing (today's Kaifeng City) was full of spring flowers. Jinshi rode across the horse and paraded through the streets with the sound of drum music: "Changbai is a cold Confucian, and it is famous for more than two years." He sang such a poem and thought that he was twenty-seven years old. Compared with Teng Zongliang and others next to him, he looks much older.
Soon, he was appointed as the manager of Guangde Army to join the army (Guangde Army was located in Guangde County, Anhui Province today, and the manager joined the army as an official in charge of litigation and trial, from Jiupin). Then, he was transferred to the Jiqing Army as the festival promotion officer (Jiqing Army is located in Bozhou, Anhui Province today, and the festival promotion officer is a curtain official, from Bapin). He took his mother to support him, and officially restored Fan's surname, renamed Zhong Yan, with the word Greek. From then on, he began his political career for nearly forty years.
In the fifth year of Tianxi (121), Fan Zhongyan was transferred to Xixi Town, Hailing, Taizhou (near Dongtai County, Jiangsu Province) to be the supervisor of salt storage, transportation and resale. Xixi Town is close to the coast of the Yellow Sea. Although peony can be seen occasionally in the town, its desolate scene is different from that in the mainland after all. At first glance, listening to the roar of the wind and waves and the long sigh of wild cranes, Fan Zhongyan could not help feeling a little disappointed. Since Cang Guan was a leisure official, he laughed at himself for the time being by eating and drinking lazily: "I didn't support my chair, so I dare to talk about my ambition to go to Wan Li!" When you are old, you should be black and white. Why should you complain about the rivers and lakes? When you get drunk and sing, you are very lazy. Can people in the stream believe in laughter? "
however, he soon found that there were many things to do here. The local seawall, which has been in disrepair for many years, has collapsed, not only the saltworks and pavilions have lost their barriers, but also the vast farmland and houses have been repeatedly threatened by waves. Thousands of victims were displaced when they met the tide of the sea and even flooded the gates of Taizhou. Government salt production and rent tax suffered losses. To this end, he wrote to Zhang Lun for water transportation in Jianghuai, complaining about Chen Haidi's interests, and suggested that a strong seawall weir be rebuilt along the coast of Tongzhou, Taizhou, Chuzhou and Haizhou (now Lianyungang to the north bank of the Yangtze River estuary).
For this huge project, Zhang Lun generously agreed with it, and authorized the imperial court to appoint Fan Zhongyan as the magistrate of Xinghua County (now xinghua city, Jiangsu Province) to take full charge of weir management.
In the autumn of the second year of Tiansheng (124), Fan Zhongyan, the magistrate of Xinghua County, led tens of thousands of civilian workers from four states to the seaside. Xinghua County Government (Fan Zhongyan Memorial Hall)
But shortly after the weir management project started, it was hit by a storm with snow, followed by a big tide, which swallowed up more than 1 migrant workers. Some officials believe that this is an act of god, and the embankment cannot be completed. They advocate banning the original proposal and stopping work completely. Things reported to the capital, courtiers also hesitated. Fan Zhongyan, on the other hand, was fearless in times of crisis and stood firm in guarding the weir.
The strong wind swept the waves to his legs, and the soldiers and civilians fled in succession, and the officials panicked, but Fan Zhongyan did not move. He deliberately looked at his friend Teng Zongliang of the same year beside him, and Zong Liang was calmly commenting on a standing dike. Everyone found that they were calm and calm. After the efforts of Fan Zhongyan and others, defending the sea and managing the weir has resumed work in an all-round way. Soon, a long dike stretching for hundreds of miles stood across the beach of the Yellow Sea. The production of saltworks and farmland has been guaranteed since then. In previous years, several dry households in exile were affected by disasters, and they helped the old and took care of the young and returned home. People are grateful to Fan Zhongyan, the magistrate of Xinghua County, for his achievements, and they all call Haiyan "Fan Gongdi". Many victims in Xinghua County actually followed his surname Fan. Up to now, there is still a site of Fan Gong Temple in Xinghua, which is missed by the elders.
"There are guests who are crazy and pure, and young people love fame", "Thirty-six years of wind and dust have failed to be a hero". This is a poem written by Fan Zhongyan when he was thirty-six years old. He didn't get married until he was about thirty-four or five years old. In this year, he got a son and was transferred back to the capital to be a Dali temple manager. From then on, he entered the ranks of Beijing officials.