Folk customs Hainan Island's unique ethnic customs. Ethnic customs The residents of Hainan Province belong to Han, Li, Miao, Hui, Tibetan, Yi, Zhuang, Manchu, Dong, Yao, Bai, Tai, Wa, She, Shui, Jing, Tu, Mongolian, Buyi, Korean, Tujia, Hani, Yi. There are Li, Miao, Hui and Han nationalities living in the world. For thousands of years, the primitive and unique ethnic customs have made the social appearance of the island more colorful. Among them, the most distinctive is the living customs of Li and Miao nationalities. According to historical records, the Li nationality is an aborigine in Hainan. As early as ancient times, Li compatriots cultivated and burned land on this land, and the national customs were simple and simple. They have long been famous for their unique national culture and gorgeous brocade technology. Li compatriots mainly live in the foothills or river basins with relatively flat terrain in Wuzhishan area. These villages vary in size and are patchwork. The low thatched cottage is hidden between the dense coconut trees and Penang coconut trees, and the gap between the trees is surrounded by small vegetable fields surrounded by bamboo fences, and all kinds of vegetables are delicate. The clear stream flows in front of the house, giving people the feeling of "walking into the villa". Penang coconut is a valuable gift for Li people to visit relatives and friends. Hainan Miao people bite their hands and make promises. "Give my brother a hand. The more you bite, the more you can see your sister's affection. Castle peak is not always traceable. Seeing that tooth mark is like seeing a person. " This is a ballad spread among Miao people in Hainan. Biting hands is a unique way for young Miao people in Hainan to express their love. On holidays, especially on the third day of March, young men and women sing beautiful and moving songs under betel nut trees, mango forests, streams and grass slopes to express their ideals, interests and wishes and seek their Mr. Right. After making a promise, they took out their favorite handwritten letters, such as rings, earrings, bamboo hats and waist baskets, and gave them to each other as a promise to show their lifelong companionship. Hainan Folk Festival: Hainan residents include more than 30 nationalities including Han, Li, Miao, Hui, Yi, Dong and Yao. There are Li, Miao, Hui and Han nationalities living in the world. For thousands of years, the primitive and unique ethnic customs have enriched the social outlook of the island. Among them, the most distinctive is the life customs of the Li nationality. Li nationality is an aborigine in Hainan. They have lived in Wuzhishan area in the middle and southwest of Hainan Island for generations, with a population of 654.38+0.3 million. The Li language belongs to the Li branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, and its cultural characteristics are closely related to the Zhuang and Buyi nationalities in southern China. Li nationality is divided into five branches: Qi, Xiao, Run, Sai and Mobil. Most Li villages are located in valley slopes or mountain basins, surrounded by dense trees or spiny bamboo. The traditional houses of Li nationality take thatched cottages as their homes, which are called "boat-shaped thatched cottages". It is said that the ancestors of the Li nationality came across the sea by boat, so it has always been a tradition to live in boat-shaped houses. Li nationality is a nation that can sing and dance well. On festivals, Li Men and women will sing or dance all night. Every year, the third day of the third lunar month is a traditional festival of the Li nationality, and the Li people will hold a grand celebration. Li people have mastered textile technology for a long time. Huang Daopo, a female weaver in Yuan Dynasty, learned advanced cotton spinning technology from Li nationality. Generally, the basic colors of Li brocade are black and brown, and blue, red, white, blue and yellow alternate. Patterns include people, animals, plants, landscapes and mascots. The traditional dress of Li nationality is that men are wrapped in red or black headscarves, with open tops and cloth towels around their waists; Women's wear has different branches, but skirts are their common clothing. Hainan Island is rich in folk culture, which has spawned many unique folk festivals. On the fifteenth night of the first month, the annual Hainan Island Flower Festival will be held in Qiongshan, Hainan. Every year from February 9th to19th, a four-day Xianfu Cultural Festival (formerly known as Junpo Festival) is held in Xinpo Town, Qiongshan City and many places in the province. This is a folk commemoration in memory of Mrs. Xian. The third day of the third lunar month is a traditional festival for young Li Men and women to pursue love and happiness. Both Li and Miao people in Hainan have the custom of celebrating "March 3rd". Hainan International Coconut Festival is held at the end of March or the beginning of April every year (during the third day of the lunar calendar), which is a large-scale tourism and cultural festival integrating tourism, culture, folklore, sports and economy. Mid-Autumn Festival is an annual Danzhou Folk Song Festival. The main activities of the song club are Danzhou folk songs, Quyi competition and "enjoying the moon". The "Hainan Island Happy Festival" is held every year 1 1 late month. In addition, Hainan's festivals include Wanning Lantern Festival, Nanshan Longevity Culture Festival, Hainan Tropical Rainforest Festival, Sanya International Beer Festival, Sanya International Advertising and Television Art Festival, Tianya Haijiao International Wedding Festival, Baoting Qixian Hot Spring Swimming Festival and so on. Important events in Hainan Island include: International Road Cycling Race around Hainan Island, International Sailing Race around Hainan Island, Miss World, Mr World and so on. Raw coconut food: coconut sugar, shredded coconut, coconut flower, coconut sugar corner, coconut cake, coconut sauce, etc. Ethnic handicrafts: horn carving, rattan, Hainan red bean, wood painting, wood carving, root carving series gold ornaments and ornaments: striped beads, diamond beads, Buddha beads, crescent beads, Joan beads, seawater pearls, rock crystal tropical preserved fruits and fresh fruits: coffee, pepper, beef jerky, deer products, dried seafood, special tea, plantain, pineapple, jackfruit, etc. Longan, mango, ginseng fruit, papaya, banana, Malay grape, carambola, cashew, mangosteen, egg fruit, lemon, sour bean, egg yolk fruit, monkey bread, passion fruit, mysterious fruit, olive and areca are traditional famous dishes.

Wenchang Chicken, the first of the "four famous dishes", is a kind of high-quality fattening chicken, named after it was produced in Wenchang, Hainan. According to legend, Wenchang Chicken originally came from Tianci Village, Tanniu Town, a local village where banyan trees grow. The seeds of banyan trees are rich in nutrition, and domestic chickens peck at them, which makes them in excellent health. Wenchang Chicken is characterized by its small size, weighing about 1.5 kg, bright coat, short wings and feet, round and flat body, thin and smooth skin and fat meat. Hainan people eat Wenchang chicken, the traditional practice is to chop it (also called "white cut"), which can best reflect the original flavor, delicious and tender of Wenchang chicken. At the same time, rice cooked with chicken oil and chicken soup is commonly known as "chicken rice", which Hainan people call "eating chicken rice", including boiled chicken. In Hainan, boiled chicken is used for banquets, light meals or family dishes. It is very respected and famous in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. Jiaji duck, one of the "four famous dishes", commonly known as muscovy duck, was introduced from abroad by overseas Chinese of Qiong nationality in the early years. It was first cultivated and propagated in Jiaji Town, qionghai city, and is famous for its muscovy ducks raised by a resident of Jiaxiang Street in this town. The breeding method of ducks is particularly particular: firstly, the ducklings are fed with freshwater fish and shrimp or earthworms and cockroaches. After about two months, when the ducklings' feathers just appear, they are kept in a small circle to narrow their range of activities, and they are mixed with rice and rice bran and kneaded into small pieces to feed, and then they grow into meat ducks within 20 days. It is characterized by thick duck meat, white and crisp skin, and a thin layer of fat between skin and meat, which is especially sweet. There are many cooking methods for Jiaji duck, but "white chop" (also known as "white cut") is the most famous because it can best reflect the original flavor. Lehe Crab, one of the "four famous dishes", is produced in Lehe Town, Wanning County, Hainan Province. It is famous for its hard shell and rich meat sauce, and ranks as one of the four famous products in Hainan along with Wenchang chicken, Jiji duck and Dong goat. "Lehe Crab" has many cooking methods, such as steaming, boiling, frying and roasting. They all have their own characteristics, especially "steaming", which not only keeps the original taste fresh, but also maintains the original color beauty. Hainan East Goat, one of the "four famous dishes", has local flavor. Dongshan mutton is a specialty of Dongshanling, Wanning. It is refined by various cooking methods such as rolling, frying, weaving, steaming and buckling, with various spices and seasonings. In addition, Dongzhai Port produces Qukou seafood, Shiyang in Yangshan area, qiongshan district, Haikou City, Lingao suckling pig, Hainan powder in Lingshan Town, Haikou City, Hainan powder in Paul Wenchang Town, Houan powder in Wanning and Qingbuliang in Hainan.