Rain: It began to rain and gradually increased.
Sting: Sting means hiding. Sting refers to the sudden movement of spring thunder, which awakens the hibernating animals in the soil.
Equinox: Equinox means equal share. The vernal equinox means that day and night are equally divided.
Qingming: sunny and lush.
Grain Rain: Rain makes a hundred valleys. With sufficient and timely rainfall, cereal crops can thrive.
Long summer: the beginning of summer.
Xiaoman: Summer crops such as wheat are full of seeds.
Miscanthus species: Miscanthus crops such as wheat are mature.
Summer solstice: The hot summer is coming.
Summer heat: Summer heat means heat. Slight summer heat refers to when the climate begins to get hot.
Big institutions: the hottest time of the year.
Beginning of autumn: The beginning of autumn.
Summer heat: place means stop and hide. Summer is the end of hot summer.
White dew: The weather turns cold and the dew condenses into white.
Autumnal equinox: divided equally between day and night.
Cold dew: Dew is cold and will freeze.
First frost: it's getting colder and colder, frosty.
Beginning of winter: The beginning of winter.
Xiaoxue: It's starting to snow.
Heavy snow: the snowfall is increasing, and there may be snow on the ground.
Solstice of winter: the cold winter is coming.
Slight cold: The climate began to get cold.
Great cold: the coldest time of the year. First, divide the names of the 24 solar terms into four groups in order, and each group is divided into two halves:
Beginning of spring, rain, fright, vernal equinox, Qingming, Grain Rain;
Long summer, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Summer Solstice, Xiaoshu, Dashu;
Beginning of autumn, Chu Shu, Bailu, Autumnal Equinox, Cold Dew, First Frost;
Beginning of winter, light snow, heavy snow. Winter solstice, slight cold, severe cold.
As soon as you put it out like this, you will immediately see that after the first four words are set up, the second half will begin, and then you will see the four words leading the way. What does this mean? It goes without saying. It means that the four seasons stand up from the four seasons, and standing up is the beginning. There are two funny local tyrants in the second half, two funny local tyrants in spring, summer, autumn and winter. What do you mean by dividing the land? The easiest way is to divide the land into two parts. This shows that the season here is divided into two parts. The other two words are easily misunderstood as teasing the ground, but we have to figure out what is the end, not as the end of the season, but as the sun has reached the end of the north or south, and we have to go back. If we examine the original meaning of the word "teasing the ground" exactly, it means teasing the ground extremely. For example, when we say at least funny, we mean not less, the less the better. The summer solstice means that the sun has gone north to the extreme and will return, but the summer is not over, but just at the midpoint. The solstice in winter is similar. The sun has just reached the southernmost tip and started to turn to the north. Winter is half over.
These eight solar terms are usually called four seasons and eight festivals. Actually, it's four beginnings and eight middle schools. They define the four seasons. But what do the four seasons mean? Look, isn't it hot in summer? Look, isn't it very cold in winter? Look, why is it hot in summer and cold in winter? Look, isn't this Xia Dong crooked?
This question is really reasonable. Did the ancients set the four seasons wrong? Only by thinking deeply can we understand the mystery.
It turns out that heat and cold depend on the sun, but the reasons why people feel hot and cold are very complicated, and the sun is not the only decisive factor. For example, there are two doors at both ends of a big house. In winter, a pot of fire enters from the left door, slowly moves to the right door, and finally goes out from the right door. Do you think it is the highest temperature in the room when the fire moves to the center? You must say no, but it is the highest temperature when the fire moves to the right door. The reason is that it takes time for a fire to emit heat into the air. When the fire moves to the middle, the heat has not dissipated. Sun exposure is almost the same, and the factors affecting temperature are much more complicated. So the concept of season, when it first appeared, was very simple, based on people's direct feelings. When people want to define the accurate concept of the four seasons and want to incorporate the concept of the four seasons into the calendar, people realize that they can't define the four seasons just according to the temperature. At the same time, the temperature varies from place to place, and the temperature at the same time in different years is not the same. Therefore, we must find a most stable and universally applicable standard to determine the four seasons. Our clever ancestors discovered this standard, that is, the north-south position of the sun. This standard is astronomical. Although the north-south position of the sun can not only determine the temperature of a place, but also affect the temperature change in a year regularly. Therefore, it is of practical value to determine the four seasons according to the north-south position of the sun. Of course, the four seasons determined in this way are definitely different from those directly determined by temperature. Usually, the direct season is called the meteorological season. Meteorological season cannot be used as calendar season. The astronomical season mentioned just now can be used as the calendar season. The meteorological season usually lags behind the astronomical season, and the Yellow River Basin in China lags behind by about three periods. The four seasons set by the above eight solar terms are astronomical season and calendar season. This can explain why the heat and cold are not in the middle of Xia Dong.
Four seasons and eight festivals are the skeleton of twenty-four solar terms and calendars. The other 16 solar terms are branches or meat on the skeleton. Using branches or meat is a bridge between astronomical season and meteorological season.
We see that the bisector between beginning of spring and the vernal equinox is inserted into the rain-stirring land and the surprise-stirring land. These two names describe the meteorological or biological characteristics of the first half of spring. It's going to rain, and the little life hiding in the ground for the winter will start to wake up when it hears the call of the sun. Between the vernal equinox and the long summer is teasing Qingming and Grain Rain. It rains a lot during the Qingming Festival, so we can know the climate of Tomb-Sweeping Day. Literally, we can know from Grain Rain that this is the season when crops need rain to promote their growth. Between the long summer and summer solstice, there are small fields and mango fields. When wheat is irrigated in Xiaoman, awn seeds are the busy season for wheat harvest and autumn planting. Between the summer solstice and the early autumn, there are some places where you can entertain a little summer heat and some places where you can entertain a big summer heat, which is the hottest month. Between beginning of autumn and the autumnal equinox, a summer place and a dew place are inserted, which is the early autumn season when the summer power ends and dew begins to appear sooner or later. It goes without saying that the autumnal equinox and beginning of winter inserted a phrase to tease the cold dew and the first frost. Between beginning of winter and winter solstice, insert snow fields and snow fields; Between the winter solstice and the beginning of spring, the meteorological significance is more obvious and needs no explanation. In a word, these sixteen solar terms are inserted between the eight solar terms to describe the meteorology and phenology of the Yellow River Basin in China. Any other place in the world can imitate and give appropriate names to these sixteen solar terms according to their meteorological and phenological characteristics, just like the relationship between world time and time zone. So: the 24 solar terms are actually applicable all over the world.
Knowing the astronomical significance of the twenty-four solar terms, we know how important it is to take the twenty-four solar terms as the criterion in the calendar. But the 24 solar terms is defined by the 24 equal angles of the great circle that the sun passes through in the sky, not by the 24 equal times of a year, so the time interval is unequal. According to the approximate number of days, some are 15 days, and some are 16 days. Therefore, how to divide the months of the year so as to express the 24 solar terms succinctly and accurately enough, so that they can be arranged with the simplest rules and easy to remember, is an important task in calendar design.
Attachment: Twenty-four solar terms
The spring rain shakes the spring and the valley days, and the summer is full of mountains and summers.
Autumn dew, autumn cold and frost, winter snow and winter cold.
The two festivals remain unchanged every month, with a maximum difference of one or two days.
The first half of the year is June 2 1 day, and the second half is August 23.
The plum blossoms in the early spring are particularly bright, and the apricot blossoms after the rain are particularly fresh;
Lulin thunder, butterfly dance between flowers at the vernal equinox.
Qingming kite broken, Grain Rain tender tea jade companion,
Mulberry fruits are like cherries in the long summer, and silkworms are cultivated in the small man.
Before mango seedlings enter the palace, the summer solstice rice and flowers are like white practice;
Summer breeze urges early-maturing beans, and Chi Pan enjoys red lotus in hot summer.
Beginning of autumn knows how to make people fall asleep, and sunflowers smile in summer.
The white dew returns to the geese, and the autumn equinox smells like osmanthus.
Cold dew vegetable seedlings are green, and the first frost reed flowers are floating all over the sky;
Beginning of winter reported good news, reported three rewards, and light snow and goose feathers flew in pieces.
The snow is very cold, the plum blossoms are crazy in the wind, and the winter solstice is full of snow.
Little cold wanderers are homesick, and they celebrate reunion at the end of the cold year.
Seven-character poem of twenty-four solar terms
The earth goes around the sun, and it takes a year to complete a circle.
A year is divided into December, and the 24 solar terms are closely linked.
According to the Gregorian calendar, these two gases will not change every month.
The first half of the year is June 2 1 day, and the second half is August 23 every year.
These are festivals, and the difference is only one or two days.
There are 24 verses in succession, and the following formula is kept in mind:
A slight cold in January was followed by a severe cold, and it rained in the spring of February;
The vernal equinox is in March and Qingming Grain Rain is in April.
Long summer and full summer in May, full summer solstice in June;
July is hot and slightly hot, and August is long summer, beginning of autumn;
In September, the Millennium meets the autumnal equinox, and the first frost and cold dew are all in October;
There is a light snow in 1 1 month in beginning of winter, and a heavy snow in winter solstice to welcome the New Year.
Grasp the season and busy production, sow and harvest in time to ensure a bumper harvest.
The jingle of solar terms is very popular among farmers in Northeast China.
In early spring, the sun is turning and the rain is by the river.
Scared crows crow, the spring equinox dries up,
Qingming busy planting wheat, Grain Rain farming;
Long summer goose feathers live, the birds are coming,
Mango seeds were shoveled away, but cotton was not harvested on the solstice in summer.
It is not hot in the summer, but hot in the dog days;
Beginning of autumn was busy beating the warden and used a knife and sickle in the summer.
White dew smoke is put on the shelves, and the autumn equinox does not produce fields.
The frost has changed before the cold dew is cold;
In the early winter of October, light snow freezes,
On the snowy stubble, the boat can't go forward on the winter solstice.
The slight cold is near the twelfth month, and the great cold is all year round.
Twenty-four solar term song
Spring is short of breath, and it rains along the river.
Scared crows crow, and the spring equinox dries up
Qingming is busy planting wheat, and Grain Rain is busy farming.
Long summer goose feathers live, and birds come all over.
Mang seeds were shoveled away, and cotton was not harvested at the solstice in summer.
It's not hot in summer, but hot in dog days.
Beginning of autumn was busy playing the lake. In summer, he used a knife and sickle.
White dew smoke is put on the shelves, and the autumn equinox does not give birth to fields.
Before the cold dew is cold, the frost has changed.
In October in beginning of winter, the light snow river is severe.
The snowy river is closed, and the winter solstice is not allowed.
Slight cold and great cold come again for one year.
Twenty-four solar terms table
Beginning of spring: Around February 4th, the solar term is beginning of spring.
Rain: February1August-20 Winter comes and spring comes, the temperature starts to rise, and the air humidity keeps increasing, but the cold air activity is still very frequent.
Sting: March 5th (6th) refers to the winter when hibernating organisms in hibernating soil start to move. It was cold and warm before and after the shock, and the temperature and wind changed greatly.
Vernal equinox: On March 2 1 (or 22) every year, the sun shines directly on the equator, and day and night are almost equal. Overwintering crops in vast areas of China will enter the spring growth stage.
Qingming: Around April 5 every year, the temperature rises and the weather gets warmer.
Grain Rain: Around April 20th, the rainfall increased, which was beneficial to grain growth.
Changxia: Make fun of Changxia on May 5th or 6th. Everything grows and prospers.
Xiaoman: Make fun of Xiaomandi on May 20th or 2 1. Summer crops such as wheat are full at this time, but not mature.
Ear seed: around June 6, when the sun moves to 75 degrees of the yellow meridian. Crops with awns, such as wheat, are mature enough to collect seeds.
Summer Solstice: Around June 22nd, the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, causing the sun to reach the north, with long days and shorter shadows than the ground, so it is called teasing the summer Solstice.
Slight summer heat: Around July 7th, the intense summer heat entered, marking the high temperature season in most parts of China.
Summer heat: About the 23rd, just around midsummer. This period is the hottest period in a year in China's vast areas, but there are also abnormal years, which makes summer hot or not and more rain.
Beginning of autumn: On August 7th or 8th, the vegetation begins to bear fruit, which is the harvest season.
Summer heat: August 23rd or 24th, which means that the summer heat is over and the weather will become cool. As it is autumn harvest, precipitation is very precious.
The Millennium: Around September 8, the temperature dropped rapidly and the weather was cool because the direct point of the sun moved southward obviously. The water vapor near the ground at night forms dew on the vegetation, hence the name "funny dew land".
Autumnal Equinox: Around September 22nd, the point of direct sunlight returns to the equator, forming equal length of day and night.
Cold dew: around 65438+1October 8. At this time, the direct point of the sun began to move south, the temperature in the northern hemisphere continued to drop, the weather was colder, the dew was dense and chilly, so it was named the place to tease the cold dew.
First frost: around June 23rd, 10, it is a cold dew land, and the first frost period in the Yellow River basin is generally in late June of 10, which is consistent with the solar terms in the first frost, and frost is very harmful to the growing crops.
Beginning of winter: Every year165438+1around October 7th.
Xiaoxue:165438+1October 22nd is the solar term for teasing Xiaoxue. The influence of cold air in the north is enhanced, the smell drops rapidly, and snowflakes appear in precipitation. However, this is the first snow stage, with less snow and fewer times. After the solar term, most of the Yellow River Valley snowed.
Heavy snow: around 65438+February 7. At this time, the direct point of the sun is close to the tropic of Capricorn, and the days in the northern hemisphere are short and the nights are long.
Winter solstice: around 65438+February 22, the sun almost points directly to the Tropic of Capricorn, and to the south of the day, a long shadow is formed in the northern hemisphere, making it the shortest day in a year. After the winter solstice, the days in the northern hemisphere are getting longer and longer, and the temperature continues to drop, entering the funny 39 land with the lowest annual temperature.
Slight cold: around 65438+10.5, the climate began to get cold.
Great cold: 65438+1around October 20th, the coldest time of the year.