Shijing papaya
You give me the papaya. I'll pay for Joan. Not in order to thank you, and cherish your affection forever.
You will give me a gift of peach, and I will reciprocate with Chiung Yao. Not in order to thank you, and cherish your affection forever.
You give me the wood, I take Joan nine in return. Not in order to thank you, and cherish your affection forever.
Word annotation
1 papaya: deciduous shrub, fruit like a melon. In ancient times, there was a custom of keepsakes such as melons and fruits for men and women.
(2) Give me papaya, and give it back to Joan: You give me papaya, and I will return your precious jade. Throw, throw, give, give. Report, repay. Qiongju, a jade name, is an ancient ornament. "Qiong Jiu" and "Qiong Yao" in the back are the same.
It is always good to repay bandits: it is not just to repay, but to show eternal love. Bandit: the same as "no". Okay, love.
4 Mutao: peach.
⑤ Muli: Plum. [ 1]
Translation of works
What you gave me was papaya, but what I gave you back was jade. This is not to thank you, but to seek eternal friendship!
You gave me peaches, but I gave you jewels in return. This is not to thank you, but to seek eternal friendship!
You gave me plums, but I gave you Baoyu in return. This is not to thank you, but to seek eternal friendship!
Appreciation:
In The Book of Songs, Elegance and Restraint, there is a sentence of "Give me a peach and repay me with a plum", and later "Give me a peach and repay me with a plum" has become an idiom, which means giving a reply to each other and returning a courtesy. Comparatively speaking, although the article Wei Feng Papaya also has the idiom "Give a papaya (peach, plum), and give it back to Qiong (Yao, Jiu)" (for example, "All Tang Poems by Song and You Mao" records that "Give a wood to Qiong, and the righteousness will be safe"), However, it would be a big mistake if we think that the degree of recitation of "Suppression" is higher than that of "Papaya". After a little investigation, we will know that this "Papaya" is one of the most widely read poems in the Book of Songs.
For such a well-known pre-Qin ancient poem with uncomplicated sentences, there are actually as many as seven ways to analyze its theme through the ages (according to Zhang Shubo's Collection of National Styles), which is really interesting. According to, it was written in the Preface to Mao Poetry in the Han Dynasty: "Papaya is beautiful in Qi Huangong. The defeat of Tijen in the country of Wei was in Cao, but Qi Huangong saved it and sealed it, leaving behind nothing but chariots and horses. Wei people think about it, want to report it thick, and make it a poem. " This view was supported by Yan Gan (Shi Ji) and others in the Song Dynasty, and by Wei Yuan (Shi Guwei) and others in the Qing Dynasty. According to the textual research of the three poems about the same time as Mao Shuo's, Chen Qiao Zong's "A Textual Research on Lu Shi's Legacy", Lu Shi "made this article as a reward for the courtiers' thoughts", and Wang Xianqian's "A Collection of Three Poets' Righteousness" has the same opinion. Since Zhu Xi in the Song Dynasty, the theory of "men and women giving each other answers" has become popular. The Biography of Poetry says: "I should repay you with something small, but it is not enough to repay you, but I want to think it is good and not forget my ears. Doubt is also a word that men and women give answers, such as "Jing Nv". " This reflects the spirit of innovation and doubt about the ancient times of the school of abolishing preface in the study of Poetry in Song Dynasty. However, this statement was refuted by Yao Jiheng, one of the important representatives of the independent thinking school of Poetry in the Qing Dynasty. The General Theory of the Book of Songs says: "It is also ridiculous to take (it) as a friend, why should it be a man or a woman!" Modern scholars generally learn from Zhu Xi's theory, and more clearly point out that this poem is a love poem. In all fairness, because the text semantics of a poem is very simple, it makes it possible to have greater freedom to explore its theme, just as the smaller the connotation of a concept is, the greater its extension is. Therefore, it is not advisable to deny a certain theory easily. In view of this, the author tends to understand this poem in a broader sense and regard it as a poem expressing deep affection through giving and answering.
The poem "Papaya" is very distinctive in terms of chapter and sentence structure. First of all, there is no typical sentence pattern in the Book of Songs-four sentences. It's not impossible to use four words (if you use four words, it will become "vote for me papaya (peach, plum) and return it to Qiong (Yao, Jiu); Bandits think that the report is always good, but the author intentionally or unintentionally uses this sentence pattern to create a kind of ups and downs charm, which is easy to achieve the effect of both sound and emotion when singing. Secondly, statements have a very high degree of overlapping and overlapping. Don't say that the last two sentences of each chapter are exactly the same, that is, the first two sentences are only one word apart, and although the words "Qiong Ju", "Qiong Yao" and "Qiong Jiu" are slightly different in meaning, papaya, "Mu Tao" and "Mu Li" are also plants of the same genus according to Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica. The difference between them is roughly as small as the difference between oranges, tangerines and oranges. In this way, the three chapters are basically repeated, and such a high degree of repetition is not much in the whole Book of Songs. The format looks like the music song of "Three Stories in Yangguan" written by Wang Weishi in the Tang Dynasty, which is naturally determined by the duality of music and literature in the Book of Songs.
"You give me fruit, and I will give you jade in return", which is different from "returning a peach to a plum". The value of the returned thing is much greater than that of the donated thing, which reflects a noble feeling of human beings (including love and friendship). This kind of emotion focuses on soul-to-heart, which is a spiritual fit. Therefore, the things returned and their value are actually only symbolic here, showing the cherish of others' affection for themselves, so it is said that "bandits repay you". The deep meaning of "Give me papaya (peach and plum) and repay it with Qiong Cong (Yao and Jiu)" is: Although you give me papaya (peach and Li), your affection is more expensive than Qiong Cong (Yao and Jiu); I can't thank you enough for your kindness. Qing Niu Yunzhen commented on this number of words in Shi Zhi: "There are people who are better than papaya, but taking papaya as a word is a way to set off one grid;" Qiong Yao is enough to report it, but she says that the report of bandits is a layer of stripping. " What he said is not unreasonable, but he takes things that have been basically abstracted, such as papaya and Qiong Yao, too seriously, and other people who interpret this poem seem to have the disease. In fact, the author is so broad-minded that he has no heart to measure the thickness. What he wants to express is that cherishing and understanding the feelings of others is the noblest affection. From this point of view, later in the Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng's Four Sorrow Poems, "Beauty gave me Jin Cuodao, how can I repay it to Britain and Qiong Yao", although it said "investing in gold to repay jade". Its significance is also the same as "throwing wood at Joan".