Gentiana scabra; Original name: Gentiana; Alias: Gentiana scabra, a perennial herb of Gentianaceae. Common Chinese medicine, medicinal parts are dry roots and rhizomes.

morphological character

Gentiana is a perennial herb with a height of 1-2 feet. The leaves are opposite, the lower leaves are 2-3 pairs of small scales, the middle and upper leaves are lanceolate, the surface is dark green, the back is light green, there are three obvious veins and no petiole. Peanuts have blue tubular bell-shaped flowers in axils or near branches. The fruit is oblong and slightly flat. When mature, the two petals split and the seeds are many and small. Rhizomes are short, clustered with many slender roots, yellowish brown or yellowish.

Rhizomes prostrate or erect, shortened or as long as 5 cm, with many thick and slightly fleshy fibrous roots. Flowers solitary, erect, 4-6 mm long, separated at the top and connected below the middle to form a tubular stalk; The middle and upper leaves are leathery, sessile, ovate or ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2-7 cm long and 2-3 cm wide, sometimes only about 0.4 cm. The closer to the upper part of the stem, the smaller the leaves. The tip is pointed, the base is heart-shaped or round, the edge is slightly curly and rough, the upper part is densely covered with tiny papillae, the lower part is smooth, and the veins are 3-5, and the upper part is not obvious.

Flowers numerous, clustered in branches and axils; Pediceless; There are 2 bracts under each flower, the bracts are lanceolate or linear, the corolla is blue-purple, sometimes there are many yellow-green spots in the throat, which are tubular bell-shaped, 4-5 cm long, the lobes are oval or oval, 7-9 mm long, the tail tip is complete, pleated, narrow triangle, 3-4 mm long, pointed or 2-lobed; Stamens inserted in the middle of corolla tube, neat, filaments subulate, 9-65438 02 mm long, anthers long and narrow, 3.5-4.5 mm long; The flowering and fruiting period is May-165438+1October.

growing environment

This kind of plant is an alpine plant, and likes a humid and cool climate. It grows in mountains, hillsides, forests and bushes. During the whole growing season of plants, the temperature is quite high. It has been growing well since it was introduced in Beijing. It is not suitable for planting in areas with highly dry terrain and direct sunlight and areas where the soil is too sticky and barren. Gentiana likes fat. During deep ploughing, about 8000 kilograms of fully decomposed manure should be applied per mu. It germinates in mid-April, blooms in August, blooms in August-September, and the fruit matures in September. The annual growth period is about 180-2 10 days.

distribution range

Growing in hillside meadows, roadsides, floodplains, thickets, forest margins, shrubs and meadows, at an altitude of 400-3000 meters. Distributed in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other places. The Soviet Union, South Korea and Japan are also distributed.

Variety classification

Original name: Gentiana scabra, alias: Gentiana scabra, Gentiana scabra, Latin scientific name: angiosperm; Dicotyledonous plants; Petunia; Gentianaceae; Gentiana; Gentiana.

breeding method

Seed and ramet propagation. Seed propagation can be divided into autumn sowing and spring sowing. Autumn sowing: Generally, it is sown in June 1 1 and germinates in the following spring. In order to sow evenly, proper amount of fine sand or humus is mixed into the seeds, and drilling is adopted. Spring sowing: sand storage should be carried out in advance, that is, after the seeds are harvested, they should be mixed with fine sand at the ratio of 1:3, kept at a certain humidity, buried outdoors, and then taken out for sowing, with row spacing of1-kloc-0/.3 feet, plant spacing of 0.7- 1 foot, and soil covering of 2-3. The sowing amount per mu is 3-4 Liang. Branches propagate mostly in early spring and early April, before buds are unearthed. Dig out all the roots and divide them into small clusters. Each cluster should have 1-2 small buds, and then plant with a row spacing of 1.3 feet and a plant spacing of 0.7- 1 foot. Don't expose the buds in the soil, lest they be blown dry by the wind.

Main value

Medicinal parts: roots and rhizomes of plants.

Efficacy classification: heat-clearing drugs.

Gentiana is the root and stem of Gentiana, a perennial herb of Gentianaceae. Mainly produced in the northeast of China, it can be harvested in spring and autumn, especially in autumn. And roots and rhizomes are used as medicines. Bitter, cold in nature, clearing heat and promoting diuresis. Its liver-clearing effect