Cabbage is a cold vegetable crop that is very common in our lives. Cabbage is widely planted in China and has become one of the specialty vegetables in China, especially in the north of the Yangtze River. Chinese cabbage belongs to a subspecies of the Brassica genus of the Cruciferae family, and other species include kale, cauliflower, mustard greens and collard greens. With soft leaves and rich nutrients, Chinese cabbage can be eaten in many ways, such as stir-fried, boiled, cold and pickled. Therefore, cabbage has great food value in our lives and is very popular among growers and consumers. At present, just into the fall, a few autumn rains lower the temperature of all over the world, you can prepare to planting cabbage.

If you want to plant cabbage hmm, you need to know in detail. Only mastered some of its characteristics and growth habits, can planting and management of cabbage well, and ultimately achieve the purpose of high quality and high yield.

Botanical characteristics of cabbage

1, root

The main root of the cabbage is well developed, belonging to the taproot system, on which there are lateral roots. In the primary cotyledon stage, the primary lateral roots began to grow on the main root, secondary and tertiary lateral roots can continue to grow when there are two true leaves, so that the root system of the cabbage is widely distributed, absorb fertilizer and water absorption capacity, and the area is also large. Although the main root of cabbage is well developed and y distributed, the main root group that absorbs fertilizer and water is completed by the root system of 10-30 cm in the soil. Therefore, in the cultivation of cabbage, we mainly promote, strengthen and cultivate the root system as the main management measures.

2. Stem

The nutritive stem of Chinese cabbage is a short stem with a diameter of about 4-8 cm, and the internodes are shorter the closer they are to the tip. All the bulb leaves and outer leaves grow on the shortened stem, eventually forming a leaf ball.

3. Leaves

The leaves of cabbage are the main commercial organ and the main edible part. It can be divided into different growth stage leaves and leaves distributed in different locations:

1)The cotyledons of cabbage seedlings are a pair, inverted heart-shaped, with smooth blades. Generally one week after sowing to reach the maximum leaf area; the first pair of true leaves grow and cotyledons form a cross, the leaf blade is long elliptic, with hairy reticulate veins, leaf margin serrated, petiole obvious.

2)The leaf that grows from the true leaf to the leaf bulb is called the rosette leaf. The rosette leaf is the main assimilating organ that protects the leaf bulb. The leaves are obese, dark in color, obovate-orbicular, without distinct petiole, with serrated wing margins and reticulate veins. In general, the health of the rosette leaves is a key factor in determining the quality of the leaf bulb.

3)Bulbous leaves are characterized by tuberous Chinese cabbage, born at the tip of short stems, alternate. The outer bulbous leaves are in contact with sunlight and are light green in color; the inner bulbous leaves do not see sunlight and are white or light yellow in color, with delicate flesh and thick petioles. The upper part of the leaf blade curves inward in a hook shape, thus forming leaf balls of different sizes.

Cabbage environmental conditions requirements

1. Temperature

Cabbage is a semi-hardy vegetable. The suitable growing temperature is about 12-22 degrees Celsius. If it is higher than 30 degrees Celsius, it will not be able to adapt to its growth. It grows slowly below 10 degrees Celsius and stops growing below 5 degrees Celsius. It can tolerate short-term frosts, but not severe cold.

There are differences in temperature requirements for different growth stages of cabbage: the appropriate temperature in the seedling stage is about 22-25 degrees Celsius, the lowest temperature should not be below 15 degrees Celsius to prevent seedlings from springing; in the rosette period, the temperature is about 17-22 degrees Celsius, the leaves grow fast and strong. If the temperature is too high, the rosette leaves are prone to grow and reproduce pests and diseases, while the temperature is too low, it will affect the growth of cabbage and delay the tumor. During the period of tumor formation, cabbage has strict requirements for temperature, the optimal temperature is around 12-22 degrees Celsius. Keep at 16-25 degrees Celsius during the day in favor of cabbage, keep at 5-15 degrees Celsius at night in favor of the accumulation of nutrients, but also in favor of inhibiting the growth of the flowering organs, conducive to the tumor.

2. Water vapor

Cabbage leaf area is large, thin cuticle, so transpiration is very large. So the water demand of cabbage in the growth process is quite large, but in different stages of growth is different. Seedling stage, cabbage root system is not developed, water demand capacity is weak, transpiration is not significant. Therefore, only need to keep the soil moist during this period, do not dry; in the rosette period, the leaf area increases rapidly, transpiration increases, water demand increases accordingly. Tumor period is the highest water demand period cabbage, must ensure that the soil has enough water. However, in the late period of tumor formation need to control the water content, to avoid ball cracking due to high water content and intolerance of storage.

3. Light

Cabbage seeds can germinate in the dark, sunny places, the intensity of light has a great impact on the development of leaves. Sufficient light, can promote leaf growth, leaf area; in the nutrient growth period, can maintain a normal light time (generally 7-8 hours or so), which is cabbage, the basic conditions for good growth. Especially in the rosette period, if the light time is less than 8 hours, it will affect the normal development of rosette leaves, which in turn affects the quality of the leaf ball.

Cabbage, first understand this knowledge on planting management and yield help

1. land preparation and fertilization

The field should be applied to the base fertilizer, preferably stable fertilizer and fertilizer lasting compost. Apply more than 5,000 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, combined with plowing. It is recommended to prepare the ground in time until even, carefully harrowing and deep plowing the soil about 30 cm. In addition to using organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, it can also be mixed with chemical fertilizer as a base fertilizer. Generally, flat bed or raised bed planting is used in the northern region, and raised bed planting is mostly used in the southern region.

2. Sowing

Selecting the sowing period is one of the key measures to ensure high yield and quality in the fall. Different climates in different places, varieties are also different. So varieties can be planted from south to north from July to September. Early sowing, high temperature is easy to cause plant weakness, pests and diseases, reduce yield and quality; sowing too late, the seedling growth is slow, the inclusions and tuberculosis is not good, affecting the overall yield of cabbage. Therefore, the planting time of cabbage should be arranged according to the local climate characteristics and species characteristics. Planting methods generally include direct seeding and seedling transplantation.

3. Field animal track management

Cabbage seedlings, to check the seedlings in time, this morning to fill the empty space; 3 days after the emergence of seedlings, can be an inter-seedling, when the true leaves 3-4, can be a second inter-seedling, to prevent overgrowth. 4 leaves 1 heart, to set the seedling in a timely manner, to choose a strong seedling to save. During the seedling period, pay attention to watering, do not allow drought, and plow and loosen the soil at the same time to achieve strong seedlings. Supplementation of nutrients at different growth stages will give the best yield. Generally, fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the early stage of mushroom production, and the effect of mushroom production increase is better.