Craftsmanship: exquisite mind, mostly refers to creative ideas in literature and art. This word comes from the derivation of the word "artisan", which means a master craftsman with high attainments and outstanding results that are admired by all. The word "匠" in "独具匠心" is a synonym. The outer frame "匚" is a square box with the mouth facing the right to hold carpentry tools, and the "斤" is the axe used by carpenters, so only carpenters were called "匠" in the ancient times. The original meaning of the word "smith" is woodworking, also known as "carpenter", such as: "smith stone catty into the wind." ("Zhuangzi - Xu Wugui") That is to say: a carpenter surnamed Shi swinging an axe into the wind. But later on, people with specialized skills could be called "smiths", such as "Han Fei Zi - Ding Fa": "The smiths are skilled with their hands, while the healers are skilled with their medicines." To this effect, those craftsmen are all skillful with their hands, while doctors are able to dispense medicines before they can do so. The word "craftsmanship" is often found in ancient poems, such as Zhang Hu's poem "Inscription on the Landscape Barrier of the Right Honored Minister Wang": "The essence of the pen, the craftsmanship at hand is difficult."

The word "artisanal" here is synonymous with the word "intention", which refers to the conception of literature and art. In addition, "artisanal" also has the meaning of "ingenious mind", such as now also said "artisanal" and so on.

Yuan Hong of the Jin Dynasty, "Three Famous Ministers Preface": "The people can not be autonomous, so the king to rule; the king can not rule alone, then for the minister to support.

However, the three and a half iteration of the Long, the successive generations of the base, 揖让之与干戈，文德之与武功，莫不宗匠陶钧，而羣才缉熙。"

"Sui book - Confucian biography - Bao Kai": "At the time of the Han book scholars, to Xiao Bao two people for the ZongShi."

Tang Du Fu, "Poems of Eight Sorrows": "The late Secretary Wugong Su Gongyuan Ming": "Shooting Jun Dongtang策, Zongsheng set of selections. The system can be titled not yet dry, B Section has been greatly expounded."

Song Zhang Qu, "Poetry in the Hall of the Years", Volume 1: "Wei Suzhou poetry, high rhyme and clear air; Wang Yuancheng poetry, the old frame and long flavor.

Shen Fu, "Six Records of a Floating Life" (浮生六记-闺房记乐): "The Tang Dynasty takes its students by poetry, and the masters of poetry must push Li Du."

Tang Han Yu "into the learning solution": "The large wood for roof, fine wood for jiao, rafter capital midgets, pivots and doors, each appropriate, applied to the room, the craftsman's work." The carpenter needs to cut the columns and beams, the hole hole complains, and the writer needs to carve the paperwork. The first thing you need to do is to pay attention to the details of the hole, and then you can pay attention to the hole.

Song Ji Yougong, "Chronicle of Tang Poetry," Volume 2.3: "Learning is not Confucianism, and it is necessary to collect the essence; writing is not according to ancient times, and it is ingenious. Zhang Hu's poem "Inscription on the Landscape Barrier of Wang Yuancheng": "The essence is at the end of the pen, and it is difficult to craft the heart at hand."

Ming Hu Yinglin, "Poetry Serval - Ancient Style": "The poetry of the two Han Dynasty, so the crown of the ancient and modern, the rate to get the unintentional. Not only the alley ballads, craftsmen believe in the mouth, that is, Mei, Li, Zhang, Cai, have not been forged to seek to fit, and the sacred craftsmanship, ready to go out of the heavenly creation." FU Zhouyi's "The Continuation of the Words of Huifeng", Volume 1: "All the words are thirty-three characters, and they coincide with the double tones of the letters, without a single polyphonic sound. The author must be an expert in sound, which means that he has taken great pains to do so." Zhou Keqin, "Xu Mao and His Daughters," V: "The exquisite arrangement, not wasting a single corner, the careful management, all see the master's craftsmanship." 柯岩 《奇异的书简-阳光和风雨谱写的歌》："Choreographers, directors and actors craftsmanship from life ...... successfully portrayed the image of a generation of children and teenagers with Xiao Qiang as the protagonist." Carpenters have many tools, including axes, adzes, saws, quills, inkpots, planes, chisels, drills, files, croquet hammers, and so on. The inkwell, is a tool used by carpenters to make straight lines. Pull the ink line from the bucket, put on the wood, taut, lift, ink rope while the elasticity of the ink line. Carpenter's toolbox, avoid others to move. In Hanin County, the carpenter's line is divided into big ink and small ink. Big ink engaged in building houses and bridges; small ink engaged in furniture, farm equipment production. They are divided into flat ink, curved ink, round ink and shou ink. Humo is engaged in furniture making; Bumo is engaged in craft carving and making agricultural tools; Yuanmo is engaged in making wooden barrels, wooden pots and other living utensils and production tools such as dung barrels; Shoumo specializes in making coffins. Small ink, curved ink technology is more refined; large ink is more rough, but must be able to read the map, ink line size is clear; round ink is more mobile, the four directions run around the production. The stone carving craft of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province has a long history and has been famous for a long time. It is rumored that many of the stone carvings in the Xi'an Forest of Stelae come from the hands of Fuping stone workers. There is a folk song circulating in Fuping: "It is difficult for painters to paint ceilings, for carpenters to make corner towers, and for stonemasons to carve phoenix heads." In addition, jade carving in Lantian County, ink jade in Zizhou County, slate in Qingjian County and stone lions in Suide County are all famous products of Shaanxi Province. Since the river county mason after work, taboo water rinse tools, but dry wipe clean. They believe that washing the tools means that the work is finished and there will be no work in the future. When a mason makes a kang, the length and width of the kang cannot be separated from the number "seven", which means "the kang is not separated from the wife (seven)". Carpenters, stonemasons and plasterers respect Lu Ban as their ancestor. Lu Ban was a skillful craftsman from the state of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, with the surname Gongtu and the first name Zhong. Since "般" and "班" have the same sound, people generally call him Lu Ban. Legend has it that he invented woodworking tools, ladders for attacking cities and stone weights for grinding flour. As the descendants respected him, they said that some exquisite ancient buildings were built by him. For example, the Jiyuan Hall in Qinan Village, Weifeng Township, Tuxian County, has a rigorous structure and is a fine example of Chinese small woodwork architecture, built during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, which originally had nothing to do with Lu Ban. However, the people believe that it was repaired by Luban and call it "Gongtuo Hall". Among the craftsmen in Shaanxi Province, there are many vivid and interesting stories about Lu Ban's master "Hsien Sheng", who passed on his art, and they have no doubt about the authenticity of these stories. Legend has it that Lu Ban's nickname was "Shuang", so the plasterer avoided double rows when building houses and tiles, so as to avoid the master's name. In the old days, it is said that whenever it is Lu Ban's birthday on the seventh day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, the craftsmen are to be held according to the type of work head "Lu Ban will", a grand sacrifice to the master, they wrote "Ministry of Public Works Shangshu Gongtu Zi's god position" of the wood before the main burning incense and kneeling to worship, and pray for the master to bless their own four seasons! Peace. Blacksmiths, coppersmiths, silversmiths, and small furnace makers all take Taishang Laojun as their ancestor. Taishang Laojun refers to Laozi, a philosopher in the Spring and Autumn Period. Starting from the Three Kingdoms and the Two Jin dynasties, Laozi was gradually deified by Taoists and became the main god of Taoism, Taishang Laojun. The Danding School of Taoism claimed that if one ate an elixir, one would live forever and even become immortal and ascend to heaven. Since Taoist priests of this school were commonly engaged in refining pills, they invented the myth of Laozi's alchemy and designated Laozi as the originator god of the alchemists. The fireplace was indispensable for alchemy, as was the fireplace for blacksmiths and others. When they searched for their ancestor, they chose Laozi, who was originally not very relevant to them. The paper mills, worshipped Cai Lun, a eunuch of the Eastern Han Dynasty, as their ancestor. Cai Lun, with the character Jingzhong, a native of Guiyang, served as the middle chamberlain during the reign of Emperor An, and was made the Marquis of Longting during the reign of Emperor He. In 105 A.D., he used bark, hemp, rags and old fishnets as raw materials to produce a suitable and inexpensive paper, known as "Cai Hou Paper". He is regarded as the inventor of Chinese papermaking. The patron saint of vinegar workshop, Tongchuan is Jiang Ziya, called "vinegar soup God". Local legend has it that after Jiang Ziya commanded the Zhou army to overthrow the Shang Dynasty, he was ordained as a god by the Emperor of Heaven. However, he only focused on sealing others and forgot to seal himself. Later on, the important priesthood had been occupied by others, and he had no choice but to become the god of vinegar and soup. In the area of Xianyang and Baoji, it is the vinegar nun (pronounced as "melon") granny, who is the wife of Jiang Ziya and is also rumored to be the inventor of vinegar. When the vinegar workshop worships the god of vinegar, it lights three incense sticks, a wax and a yellow table. The purpose is to invite the god to bless the vinegar with sweet flavor. The ancestor of the vinegar workshop is Du Kang. He was Shaokang, the ruler of the Xia Dynasty, with the surname Si. Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote in Shuowen Jiezi: "In the ancient times, Shao Kang first made the skip and broomcorn millet wine. Shaokang, Dukang is also." However, the folklore of Shaanxi Province is different. According to the Baishui County Wine Factory, Du Kang, with the character Zhong Ning, was born in the village of Kang Jiawei Mouth in the county during the Zhou Dynasty. There is a clear spring in the village, and it is said that Du Kang used its water when he made wine, so it is called "Du Kang Spring". The dyeing workshop is dedicated to "Ge Xian" or "Mei and Ge Xian". Mei, or Meifu, was a native of the late Western Han Dynasty who studied in Chang'an and later served as a lieutenant of Nanchang. After Wang Mang usurped the throne, he lived in seclusion. Ban Gu wrote a biography of him in the Book of Han. Ge, refers to Ge Hong, an alchemist and medical doctor in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who wrote books such as "Hug Park Zi" and "Biography of the Immortals". Later legend has it that both of them achieved immortality. In the old days, Ankang and other places had "Meiguo Hui", which was attended by dyeing workers. On March 16th every year, an event was held to honor the two immortals. Tofu workshop to Le Yi as the ancestor. He was a militarist during the Warring States period, and once led the Yan army to conquer Qi. Folklore holds that he is the inventor of tofu. Slaughterhouse has Zhang Fei as its ancestor. Zhang Fei (张飞), courtesy name Yide (翼德), was a general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. The novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" says that he was a butcher before he joined Liu Bei and Guan Yu to raise an army. Slaughterhouse rows are dedicated to Zhang Fei on July 13 every year. If only sacrificing Zhang Fei alone, it is called "Master Zhang Club"; if also sacrificing Liu Bei and Guan Yu, it is called "Three Righteous Club". Leatherworkers and cobblers take Sun Bin as their ancestor. He was a militarist during the Warring States period, and served as a military advisor in the State of Qi. Legend has it that Qi soldiers originally wore straw and wooden shoes, which made marching and fighting extremely inconvenient, and Sun Bin ordered to wear leather and cloth shoes instead. Therefore, he was honored as the ancestor of the tanning and shoe-making industry. Every year on August 18th, they gather to offer sacrifices, called "Sun Zu Hui", to pray for blessings. It is forbidden to perform the "Five Thunders Formation" when the shoe industry sings the guild theater. Sewing industry to the legendary Yellow Emperor as the ancestor. Huang Di, Ji surname, No. Regulus, living in the end of primitive society, is the ancestor of the Chinese nation. Nowadays, there is still his mausoleum as well as the Xuan Yuan Temple built in his honor on Qiaoshan Mountain in Huangling County. In ancient times, people could not sew clothes, but leaves, animal skins strung together on the body to protect from the cold. It is said that during the reign of the Yellow Emperor, there were many important inventions in China, one of which was clothing. In this way, Huang Di became the founding father of the sewing store. The people of Luonan County believe that the Yellow Emperor's birthday is September 25, and the sewing industry in the county meets on this day to worship "Regulus". Some other counties, in September 16th festival, during the gathering, people dressed in full costume, the opportunity to exchange clothing patterns, and hosted a dinner party. The ancestors worshipped by shavers around the world are not the same. Southern Shaanxi Province is Luo Zu real people, Chen Qi Zi, Lin Chuan five. According to legend, Luo Zu attained Taoism in July 13, this day has become the day of shavers to worship the ancestors. During the festival in Luonan County, the couplets on both sides of the god's seat are customarily written as, "The one who attained the Way also on July 13th, and the Spirit Mountain event has been passed down through the ages." The shavers, after paying homage and burning incense to the god, will have a banquet together, and will disperse only after they have enjoyed themselves to the fullest. Yao County and other places of the shaver, but to the "Eight Immortals" one of the Lv Dongbin as the ancestor. Lu Dongbin number pure sun, they call "pure sun old man". In addition, according to legend, Emperor Xuanyuan invented the mirror and tweezers, so in some places he also became the ancestor of shavers. The silk industry takes Rayon as its ancestor. She was the daughter of the legendary Xiling Clan, who later married Emperor Xuanyuan Huangdi and invented the method of raising silkworms to make silk. Since the Northern Zhou Dynasty, she has been worshipped by the government as the "first silkworm", the god of silkworms. Folk silk workers also worshiped her. Ceramics ancestors, there are Berlin, Yu Shun, Laozi, Lei Gong, etc., people call them "kiln God". Berlin is one of the kiln gods in Huangbao Town, Tongchuan City. According to Huangbao Kiln God Temple of the Northern Song Dynasty, "De Ying Hou Stele", he was an expert in porcelain making at the time of Emperor Mu of the Jin Dynasty. Emperor Mu Yonghe years, he came to Huangbao, found that the area of beautiful mountains and rivers, grass and trees, and then temporarily live down. At that time, although Huangbao has begun to burn porcelain, but because of the poor quality of products, poor sales, kiln workers live in poverty. Berlin unreservedly their own porcelain technology, passed on to the kiln workers in Huangbao, promoting the development of porcelain industry here. Kiln workers are very grateful to Berlin, in order to commemorate the porcelain master, built his shrine in Huangbao. He was listed as the local kiln god together with De Ying Hou, the mountain god of Huangbao. Yu Shun, Laozi, and Leigong, are the kiln gods of Chenfu Town, Tongchuan City. Yu Shun, the legendary ancient emperor, was surnamed Yao, Chonghua. It is rumored that when he was young, he made pottery. Han Fei Zi (韩非子-難一) wrote: "The potters of the Eastern Barbarians had bitter and useless wares, and Shun went to make them, and the wares were firm the next year. "In addition, the Records of the Grand Historian (史记-五帝本纪), it is also said that Shun "pottered in Riverside, and all the wares in Riverside were not bitter and weak." Therefore, he was honored as the god of kiln. According to legend, Lao Zi used a fireplace to make pills, and the porcelain craftsmen could not do without the fireplace, so they also designated Lao Zi as the guardian god. Lei Gong is said to be the inventor of the bowl. In the Kiln God Temple in Chenfeng Town, Yu Shun is in the center; Laozi is on the left, the Division Fire; Leigong is on the right, the Division ware. Tongchuan also has some vivid and interesting folk stories about the god of kiln, and these legends have produced unique customs. For example, the legend says that when Lei Gong invented the bowl, because he could not find suitable raw materials to other villages to steal the crucible soil. Thus, in the porcelain kiln formed such a rule: not allowed to say "steal" and "thief". If you find someone to steal porcelain, can not be caught on the spot, and to wait for the thief out of the door and then catch up. Otherwise, it is considered to be uncovering the scars of Lei Gong, is disrespectful to Lei Gong. Legend has it that Yu Shun's nickname is "Woody", so the porcelain kiln in the taboo "Woody" word, such as not allowed to say "Woody answer" (there), "Woody is not "(that's not) and so on. Salt workers to pipe Zhong as the ancestor. He was a statesman of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period. Pen makers take Mengtian as their ancestor. He was a general of the Qin Dynasty who oversaw the construction of the Great Wall of China, and it is rumored that the brush was invented by him. In fact, brushes were used in China before him. The chef has Yi Ya as his ancestor. He was a close official of Duke Huan of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period, and was long in seasoning.