The 24 solar terms are divided according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic (that is, the orbit of the earth around the sun). Depending on the sun starting from vernal equinox (longitude zero, at this moment the sun shines vertically on the equator), every forward 15 degrees is a solar term; After a week's operation, I returned to vernal equinox, which is a tropical year, which is 360 degrees, so it is divided into 24 solar terms. The dates of solar terms are relatively fixed in the solar calendar. For example, beginning of spring is always between February 3rd and 5th in the solar calendar. However, in the lunar calendar, the date of the solar term is not easy to determine. Take beginning of spring as an example, it can be on1February 15 of the previous year's lunar calendar and on 15 of the first month at the latest. The current lunar calendar is neither a lunar calendar nor a solar calendar, but a combination of lunar and solar calendars. There are leap months in the lunar calendar. If one year is counted from the first day of the first month to the New Year's Eve of the twelfth month, the number of days in each year of the lunar calendar varies greatly (leap year 13 months). In order to standardize the number of years, the first day of the lunar calendar year (heavenly stems and earthly branches) is not the first day of the first month, but beginning of spring. That is, a year in the lunar calendar is the day before from beginning of spring in that year to beginning of spring in the following year. For example, 2008 is the year of Wuzi in the lunar calendar. The first day of Wuzi is not from February 7, 2008 (the first day of the first lunar month), but from February 4, 2008 in the Gregorian calendar.
Twenty-four gas meters
(Calculated according to the date of AD)
the 72 climates
In season and month, the sun reaches the yellow meridian, the first, the second and the third.
In spring, Meng Chun Lichun 315 easterly winds thawed the stinging insects, which started to shake the fish to ice.
3-5 February
Rain and water 330 peach blossom barn Geng Ming eagle into dove.
February18-20th
In mid-spring, 345 Rex sacrificed fish, Hongyan came, and the vegetation sprouted.
March 5-7
At 0 vernal equinox, Xuanniao begins to make a sound.
March 20-21day
Ji Chun Qingming15 Tongshihua MICROTUS turned into a rainbow.
April 4-6
When the valley rains at 30 degrees, the dove begins to sing and blows its feathers. Dai Sheng falls on the mulberry.
April 19——2 1 day
In summer, Meng Xia begins to cry at 45 degrees in summer, and earthworms grow into melons.
May 5-7
A bitter vegetable that is 60 degrees younger will show off the grass and die in the summer.
May 20-22
In midsummer, the mantis species of 75 degrees begins to sing and its tongue is silent.
June 5-7
Pinellia ternata is born only when antlers are removed at 90 degrees in summer solstice.
June 2 1 day-22
It's learning from the mild summer heat in The Last Month Of Summer105 warm wind to the cricket's residence in the eagle.
July 6-8
When the rotten grass turns into firefly soil in the summer heat120 and it rains in the summer heat.
July 22-24
Autumn begins in autumn135, and the chill wind makes the chilling sound in the white dew.
August 7-9
In the summer150, the eagle is the first place to worship birds.
August 22-24
Mid-Autumn White Dew165 Hongyan comes to the dark birds to raise shame.
September 7-9
At autumnal equinox180, the sound of thunder began to collect, and the water of the insects began to dry up.
September 22-24
Cold dew in autumn and season195 Hongyan Guest finches attack the flood, and the chrysanthemum has yellow flowers.
1October 8-9
Frost falling 210 jackal is a sacrifice to animals and plants, and the yellow-falling stinging insects are salty.
1October 23rd-24th
In winter, Meng Dong Li Dong, 225 water begins to freeze, and the pheasant enters the big water to be a stork.
1 1 July 7th-8th.
The snow is hidden in the rainbow at 240 degrees, and the weather is blocked and it becomes winter.
1 1 the earth's atmosphere dropped from 22nd to 23rd of the month.
It snows at 255 degrees in the middle of winter, and the birds don't call the tigers, so it's quite healthy to make friends with them.
1February 6-8
The water spring moves at 270 degrees from the winter solstice.
1February 21-23rd
It's a slight cold in winter at 285 degrees, and the magpie begins to nest in the north.
1 month 5-7
Great cold at 300 degrees, chickens begin to suckle, birds are severely ill, and Shui Ze's abdomen is firm.
1 month 20-21day
The literal meaning of the twenty-four solar terms
Beginning of spring, long summer, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter-also called "Sili"-respectively represent the beginning of the four seasons. "Stand" means start. Gregorian calendar is generally around February 4th, May 5th, August 7th and 1 1 month 7th every year. "Sili" indicates the beginning of the astronomical season, which, in terms of climate, is still in the last season. For example, the Yellow River Basin in beginning of spring is still in the middle of winter.
Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice-collectively known as the "Second Solstice", represent the extremes of summer and winter in astronomy. "Zhi" means extreme and most. Summer solstice and winter solstice are generally on June 2 1 day and1February 22 of the Gregorian calendar every year.
Vernal equinox and autumnal equinox-collectively called "dichotomy", mean that the length of day and night is equal. "Divide" means divide equally. These two solar terms are generally around March 20 and September 23 of the Gregorian calendar every year.
Rain-indicates that the precipitation begins and the rainfall gradually increases. Rain falls around February 18 of the Gregorian calendar every year.
Sting-the sudden movement of spring thunder woke up the hibernating animals in the soil. At this time, the temperature rose rapidly, and spring thunder gradually sprouted. Every year around March 5 of the Gregorian calendar is a fright.
Qingming-contains the meaning of sunny weather, fresh and clean air, gradual warming and lush vegetation. The Gregorian calendar is about April 5 every year for Qingming.
Grain Rain —— The increase in rainfall is greatly beneficial to the growth of cereal crops. The Gregorian calendar is Grain Rain around April 20th every year.
Xiaoman-it means that the seeds of summer crops are full, but not yet mature, just small and not yet full. About every year on May 2 1 day of the Gregorian calendar, it is full.
The awned crops such as awn seeds-wheat are mature, and summer sowing begins. Every year around June 5, it is the awn seed.
Summer heat, summer heat, summer heat-summer heat means heat. The summer heat is not the hottest yet, the summer heat is the hottest season, and the summer heat is the day when the summer day is coming to an end. They are around July 7, July 23 and August 23 of the Gregorian calendar every year.
White dew-the temperature began to drop, the weather turned cold, and there was dew on the vegetation in the morning. The Millennium is around September 7th of the Gregorian calendar every year.
Cold dew-the temperature is lower, the air has condensed dew, and there is a chill gradually. This day is usually on10.8 every year.
First frost-It's getting colder and frosty. First frost usually falls on1October 23rd of the Gregorian calendar every year.
Light snow, heavy snow-it begins to snow, and small and large indicate the degree of snowfall. Light snow falls on the 22nd of every calendar year 1 1 month, while heavy snow falls around1February 7th.
Slight cold, severe cold-the weather is getting colder, slight cold is not the coldest, and severe cold is the coldest time of the year. On the 5th day of Gregorian calendar 1 month and around the 20th day of that month, it is a mild and severe cold.
Twenty-four solar terms reflect the annual apparent movement of the sun, so the dates of solar terms are basically fixed in the current Gregorian calendar, with the first half of the year on the 6th and 2nd1day, and the second half on the 8th and 23rd, with the same before and after1~ 2 days.
The 24 Solar Terms
Beginning of spring: Dou refers to the Northeast. The solar ecliptic is 3 15 degrees. It is the first of the 24 solar terms. Its meaning is to begin to enter the spring, "Yang and stings, and everything is spring". After beginning of spring, everything is full of vitality, and the four seasons begin from now on.
The rain bucket refers to the ring. The solar meridian is 330. At this time, the spring breeze blows all over, the ice and snow melt, the air is moist, and the rain increases, so it is called rain. People often say: "It is getting warmer in the spring, and the rain is busy to send fertilizer."
Stunned: fighting with fingers. The solar meridian is 345. This solar term means that after beginning of spring, the weather gets warmer, the spring thunder begins to vibrate, and all kinds of hibernating animals that are dormant in the soil will wake up and start to move, so it is called a fright. During this period, the oviposition of wintering insects will also start to hatch. Some parts of our country have entered the spring ploughing season. As the proverb goes, "After being shocked, it is warm and harmonious, and the old toad sings folk songs." "I was shocked by a plow, and the vernal equinox was full of air." "I didn't arrive at Lei Xianming, and the rain was like a dragon."
Vernal equinox: fighting refers to the shackles. The solar meridian is 0. The sun is above the equator on the vernal equinox. This is the 90-day equinox in spring. On this day, the northern and southern hemispheres are equal day and night, so it is called the vernal equinox. After this day, the direct position of the sun moved to the north, and the days in the northern hemisphere were long and the nights were short. So the vernal equinox is the beginning of spring in the northern hemisphere. Overwintering crops in most parts of China have entered the spring growth stage. Agricultural proverbs in various places include: "Spring Equinox comes first, rice fights for money" (Guangdong), "Spring Equinox keeps raining, summer equinox keeps burning" (Sichuan), "Every family is busy when it rains, planting melons and beans first, then transplanting them" (Hubei), "Spring Equinox planting vegetables, picking melons in summer" (Hunan) and "Spring Equinox planting hemp beans, autumn equinox planting.
Qingming: fighting refers to Ding. The solar ecliptic is15. At this time, the climate is refreshing and warm, plants and trees sprout new branches, everything begins to grow, and farmers are busy ploughing and planting in spring. Once upon a time, on this day in Tomb-Sweeping Day, some families planted willows at the door and went for an outing in the suburbs to sweep the graves. This is an ancient custom.
Grain Rain: It's a fight. The solar meridian is 30. It means that rain gives birth to grains. Because rain moistens the earth and grains can grow, Grain Rain is "rain gives birth to a hundred grains". As the saying goes, "Before and after Grain Rain, we planted melons and beans".
Long summer: The bucket refers to the southeast. The solar meridian is 45. It is the beginning of summer, and from then on, everything is flourishing. Traditionally, long summer is regarded as an important solar term in which the temperature rises significantly, the summer heat is approaching, thunderstorms increase and crops enter the peak season.
Xiaoman: Fighting nails. The solar meridian is 60. Since Xiaoman, summer crops such as barley and winter wheat have borne fruit and full seeds, but they are not yet mature, so they are called Xiaoman.
Mangzhong: Beidou points to itself. The solar meridian is 75. At this time, it is most suitable for sowing grain crops with awns, such as late grain, millet and millet. If you plant awns and crops after this time, it will not be mature. At the same time, "awn" refers to crops with awns such as wheat and barley, and "species" refers to seeds. The awn seed indicates the maturity of awned crops such as wheat. Before and after the awning, the rainfall in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in central China increased, and the temperature rose. When it entered the rainy season, the air was very humid, the weather was extremely sultry, and all kinds of utensils and clothes were prone to mildew, so it was also called "mildew rain" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.
Summer solstice: Beidou points to B. The solar meridian is 90. When the sun is at the "Summer Solstice Point" at 90 degrees of the Huangjing, the sun shines almost directly over the Tropic of Cancer, and the sun is the highest in the northern hemisphere at noon. This day is the longest day and the shortest night in the northern hemisphere. From this day on, it enters the hot season, and everything in the world grows most vigorously at this time. In ancient times, the heart also called this day the northern solstice, meaning that the sun was born to the northernmost day. After the summer solstice, the sun gradually moved south, and the days in the northern hemisphere became shorter and the nights became longer.
Summer heat: fighting refers to Xin. The solar ecliptic is105. It's already very hot, but it's not hot enough, so it's called a little summer heat. At this point, it is already around the beginning.
Summer heat: fighting refers to C. The solar ecliptic is120. The summer heat is the hottest solar term in a year. Before and after the second day of duty, high temperature weather of 40℃ often occurs in many places in the Yangtze River basin. It is necessary to do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling. There is a lot of rain in this solar term, so we should pay attention to flood control and waterlogging prevention in the proverb "Little summer heat, big summer heat, drowning mice".
Beginning of autumn: Beidou points southwest. The solar ecliptic is135. From this day on, autumn begins, the autumn is crisp, the moon is bright and the wind is clear. Since then, the temperature has gradually decreased from the hottest.
Summer heat: fighting refers to five. The solar ecliptic is150. At this time, the summer heat has come to an end. The summer heat is about to dissipate. It is a turning point in the temperature drop. It is a symbol of cooling climate, indicating the end of summer.
The Millennium: the finger is pointing. The solar ecliptic is165. When the weather turns cold, the ground water vapor condenses the most.
Autumnal equinox: the bucket refers to itself. The solar ecliptic is180. On the day of the autumnal equinox, like spring people, the sun shines almost directly on the equator, and day and night are almost equal. From this day on, the direct sunlight position continued to move from the equator to the southern hemisphere, and the northern hemisphere began to have shorter days and longer nights. According to the autumn theory of the Chinese old calendar, this day is just half of the ninety days in autumn, so it is called the autumn equinox. But in astronomy, it is stipulated that autumn in the northern hemisphere begins with the autumnal equinox.
Cold dew: fighting nails. The solar ecliptic is195. After the white dew, the weather turned cold and dew began to appear. When it was cold dew, there was more dew and the temperature was lower. Therefore, some people say that cold is dew, first white and then cold, which means that the climate will gradually turn cold. The water vapor condenses into white dew.
First frost: The solar longitude is 210. It's already cold, and there's frost, so it's called first frost.
Beginning of winter: The solar longitude is 225. Traditionally, our people regard this day as the beginning of winter. Winter, as the end, means that after a year of field operation, crops should be collected. As soon as beginning of winter passes, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China will soon freeze, and farmers all over China will gradually turn to farmland water conservancy capital construction and other agricultural activities.
Xiaoxue: The solar longitude is 240. The temperature dropped and it began to snow, but it was not yet the season of heavy snow, so it was called light snow. Before and after the light snow, the Yellow River basin began to snow (the snowfall in the south was two solar terms later); In the north, it has entered the freezing season.
Heavy snow: the solar longitude is 255. Before and after the heavy snow, there was gradually snow in the Yellow River Basin. In the north, it's already the severe winter of "thousands of miles frozen, Wan Li snow drifting".
Winter Solstice: The solar longitude is 270. On the winter solstice, the sun shines almost directly on the Tropic of Capricorn, and our northern hemisphere has the shortest day and the longest night, and it has begun to enter several cold days. Astronomy stipulates that this day is the beginning of winter in the northern hemisphere. After the winter solstice, the direct sunlight gradually moved northward, and the days in the northern hemisphere gradually became longer. As the proverb goes, eating noodles on the winter solstice makes a day grow longer.
Slight cold: the solar meridian is 285. After the slight cold, it began to enter the cold season. Cold air is cold for a long time, and slight cold means that the weather is cold but not yet extreme.
Great cold: the solar longitude is 300. Great cold means extreme cold weather. Around the Great Cold is the coldest season of the year. The great cold happened just after March 9th and at the beginning of April 9th. As the saying goes, "Three, nine, four, nine don't do it".
After the severe cold, beginning of spring followed, and the weather became warmer. At this point, the earth revolves around the sun once, ending in a cycle.
Source of solar terms
As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Chinese people had the concepts of the solstice in the south and the solstice in the north. Subsequently, people divided the year into 24 equal parts according to the relationship between the running position of the sun and the moon at the beginning and middle of the month and the natural utilization of weather, animal and plant growth and so on. And gave each equal part a proper name, which is the twenty-four solar terms. By the end of the Warring States Period, there were eight names of solar terms: beginning of spring, Equinox, long summer, Summer Solstice, beginning of autumn, Equinox, beginning of winter and Winter Solstice. These eight solar terms are the most important of the 24 solar terms. These eight solar terms mark the change of seasons and clearly divide the four seasons of the year. Later, when the book Huainanzi was published, the names of the 24 solar terms were exactly the same as those in modern times.
Division of solar terms
Some people think that the 24 solar terms are subordinate to the lunar calendar, but in fact, they are defined according to the solar calendar. That is, according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic, a year is divided into 24 equal paragraphs. That is to say, the ecliptic is divided into 24 equal parts, each of which accounts for15. Because the time required for the sun to pass through each equal portion is almost equal, the Gregorian calendar dates of the 24 solar terms are roughly the same every year: the first half of the year is around the 6th and 2 1, and the second half is around the 8th and 23rd. And there are two formulas:
In the first half of the year,
Come to August and 23rd in the second half of the year.
In ancient times, solar terms were called "qi", and there were two qi every month: the former was called "solar terms" and the latter was called "neutral qi". The monthly distribution of the 24 solar terms is shown in the following table, which is closely related to the arrangement of the lunar leap month. In the lunar calendar, beginning of spring is the first of the 24 solar terms. The names of the twenty-four solar terms were named after the places referred to by Dougang and the natural climate and landscape at that time. The so-called Dougang means that the three stars of the Big Dipper, Kui, Heng and Yu, point in different directions and positions with the movement of celestial bodies, and the position they refer to is the month they represent. For example, the first month is Yin, the spoon refers to Yin at dusk, the middle of the night refers to Yin, and the daytime refers to Yin; February is the base, the dipper at dusk refers to the base, the balance at midnight refers to the base, the chief refers to the base during the day, and so on in the rest of the months.
Chinese and English comparison and time in 24 solar terms, China
Beginning of spring the beginning of spring (1st solar term) feb.3,4,or 5
Rainwater (2nd solar $ TERM) Feb.18,19 or20
The awakening of inserts (3rd solar $ TERM) Mar. 5, 6, or 7.
The spring equinox (4th solar $ TERM) Mar.20,21or 22
Qingming Pure Brightness (5th Solar $ TERM) Apr.4,5 or 6
Grain Rain Grainrain (6th Solar $ TERM) Apr.19,20 or21
Long summer The Beginning of Summer (7th Solar $ TERM) May 5,6 or 7
Xiaoman Lesser fullness of grain (8th solar $ TERM) may 20,21or 22
Grain in beard (9th solar $ TERM) jun.5,6 or 7
The summer solstice (10th solar term) jun.21or22
Little summer heat (11th solar term) jul.6,7 or 8
Great heat (12th solar $ TERM) jul.22,23 or 24
Beginning of autumn the beginning of autumn (13rd solar $ TERM) aug.7,8 or 9
The end of heat (14th solar $ TERM) aug.22,23 or 24
White dew (15th solar term) sep.7,8 or 9
The autumn equinox (16th solar $ TERM) sep.22,23 or 24
Cold dew cold dew (17th solar term) oct.8or9.
First frost frost \' s descent (18th solar term) oct.23 or 24.
Beginning of winter the beginning of winter (19th solar $ TERM) nov.7 or 8
Lesser snow (20th solar $ TERM) nov.22 or 23
Heavy snow (21th solar $ TERM) dec.6,7 or 8
The winter solstice (22th solar $ TERM) dec.21,22 or 23
Slight cold (23rd solar $ TERM) Jan.5,6 or 7
Great cold (24th solar $ TERM) Jan.20 or 2
Solar term poetry
(1)
Spring rain surprises spring and clear valley days, and summer is full of mountains and summer heat is connected.
In autumn, there is dew in autumn, cold and frost fall, and snow in winter is small and cold in winter.
Two festivals a month remain unchanged, with a difference of one or two days at most.
In the first half of the year, it will be 621, and in the second half, it will be 823.
(2)
The plum blossoms in the West Garden were put in beginning of spring first, and the clouds and towns were covered with light and rain.
At the beginning of the fright, the carp jumped across the river, and the butterfly dreamed of flowers at the vernal equinox.
It's good to fly kites on Qingming Festival, and it's appropriate to raise silkworms in Grain Rain West Chamber.
Peony long summer flowers scattered, Hosta small cloth in front of the court.
Across the stream, the mango grows the fisherman's music, and the farmland cultivates the summer solstice.
In the summer, the white shirt is on, and the river is looking at the wind and sleeping in the summer.
Sunflowers bloom in beginning of autumn, and cicadas listen in the west wing in the summer.
The jade garden is stained with white dew, and the autumn equinox folds the laurel and the moon.
The cold dew on the dry mountain surprised the swan goose, and the first frost Luhua Red Polygonum Beach.
Beginning of winter drank Kirin Pavilion and embroidered poems with light snow.
Deep and quiet snow warms the red stove, and pipa is lazy to play on the winter solstice.
Slight cold lies high in Handan dream, holding snow floating in the air to get cold.
(3)
Plum blossoms in beginning of spring are particularly bright, and rain red apricots are fresh in bloom;
I was shocked by the thunder in Lulin, and butterflies danced among the flowers at the vernal equinox.
Qingming kite is broken, Grain Rain tender tea jade company,
Mulberry fruits in long summer are like cherries, and Xiaoman raises silkworms and cultivates fields.
Before the mango seedlings are put into court, the summer solstice rice flowers are like white practice;
The light summer wind urges the early beans to ripen, and the Chi Pan enjoys the red lotus in the hot summer.
Beginning of autumn knows how to make people sleep, and the sunflower smiles in the summer;
The white dew is returning to the wild goose, and the autumn equinox is full of osmanthus fragrance.
Cold dew vegetable seedlings are green in the field, and first frost reed flowers float all over the sky;
Beginning of winter reported good news and offered three rewards, and light snow and goose feathers flew in pieces.
The snow is cold and the plum blossoms are crazy in the wind, and the winter solstice is full of snow.
A little cold wanderer is homesick, and the end of the cold year celebrates reunion.
(D) 24 solar terms climate farming songs
Beginning of spring: Starting from the spring, we will hit six or nine heads, sowing in spring and preparing for ploughing early. The plan for one year lies in spring, and agricultural production will be high and excellent.
Rainwater: Rainwater and spring rain are as expensive as oil, which can prevent soil moisture from flowing, accumulate more fertilizer and thresh more grain, and select fine varieties to win a bumper harvest.
Scare: the weather is warm and the air is open, the hibernating insects wake up, the winter wheat is suppressed to conserve moisture, and the cultivated land is raked to plant spring wheat.
Vernal equinox: There is more wind and less rain in the vernal equinox, the land thaws and the spring tide begins, the rice fields are leveled and turned over early, and the winter wheat turns green and waters them.
Qingming: The grass is green in Qingming spring, when it is a good time to plant melons and beans, plant trees and plant beets, and raise rice seedlings.
Grain Rain: The snow and frost have not broken in Grain Rain, so don't delay sowing miscellaneous grains. When the family swallow comes back, it will drip water, and the nursery branches will be connected to the orchard.
Long summer: In long summer, the wheat seedlings are getting higher and higher, rice seedlings should be planted in flat fields, soil moisture should be protected by intertillage weeding, and windproof in greenhouses should be well managed.
Xiaoman: Xiaoman is mild and spring-like, preventing aphids, wheat stalks and flies, fertilizing rice fields to promote evil, and catching wool and shearing to prevent cold wind.
Miscanthus species: Miscanthus species have little rain and high temperature, maize seedlings are interplanted and fixed, buckwheat seeds in millet valley are robbed of moisture, and weeding is carried out in paddy fields.
Summer solstice: The hail is fierce in the summer solstice and the beginning of summer, and the seeds are selected by removing impurities, eliminating hail and increasing rain, and the dry and hot wind is used to prevent corn from being sticky.
Slight summer heat: when it enters the dog days, Longkou grabs food and time, and cultivates the soil in the middle of the rice, so it is not easy to prevent rain and fire.
Great summer: the great summer heat and heavy rain increase, multiple cropping of autumn vegetables is tight for flood control, rice blast is predicted, and seedlings are protected from low temperature in deep water.
Beginning of autumn: It began to rain in autumn in beginning of autumn, so as to prevent corn borer as early as possible, turn deep soil into gold, and pick tree hearts by bud grafting in nursery.
Summer vacation: the summer vacation is beautiful in autumn, the jade beet should be watered, the grain and vegetables should be managed frequently in the later stage, and the winter wheat should be prepared for seed fertilizer.
White dew: White dew is cold at night and hot during the day. It's a good season to sow winter wheat, harvest sunflower in the field of rice drying, and pick early-maturing apples.
Autumnal Equinox: It is getting colder in the autumn equinox and autumn rain, the rice is yellow and fruity, the autumn harvest is busy, the grain is threshed and handed over to the public, and the mountain area is frost-proof and listening to the weather.
Cold dew: cold dew grass withers and geese fly south, potato beets are busy recovering, radish and cabbage are good, and straw is returned to the field for fertilization in autumn.
First frost: It's freezing and frosting in first frost, so we should pay close attention to storing soil moisture in autumn, irrigate winter water in frozen days, thresh and dry the grain to repair the granary.
Beginning of winter: In beginning of winter, the frozen ground disappears in the daytime, the sheep and livestock pens are repaired firmly, the fields are prepared and the channels are repaired, and the farmland construction reaches a climax.
Xiaoxue: Xiaoxue field is sealed with the first snow, young trees and grapes are buried quickly, and winter fallow is used to accumulate fertilizer, so the crops are not fat.
Heavy snow: heavy snow and wax snow bode well for a good year, and diversified management creates high yield. When raking, soil moisture is preserved, and more fertilizers are accumulated to find fertilizer sources.
Winter Solstice: Winter Solstice lasts for nine days. Sheep and livestock should be protected from the cold, and they should participate in night technical schools very much. It depends on scientific research to increase production and harvest.
Slight cold: Slight cold enters three or nine days, gets rich and celebrates New Year's Day, attends training classes in the season, and constantly sums up new experiences.
Great cold: although the great cold is cold and farmers are happy, the policy of enriching the people can't be praised, and the production contract will continue to work, and they will be happy for the next year.
(5) The Hundred Songs of the Solar Terms
Say that you are a child, and play the lion in the first month of the New Year.
In February, the silkworm eggs were scared and hugged, and in March, the Qingming grave floated.
In April, long summer planted rice seedlings, and in May, Duanyang ate zongzi.
In June, it is hot to buy fans, and in July, beginning of autumn burns fuzi.
In August, the festival is full of sesame cakes, and in September, Chongyang catches bad seeds.
Wear a coat in cold weather in October, and dry the cage in winter.
In the twelfth lunar month, I went around to hide from my master.
(VI) Seven-character Poems of Twenty-four Solar Terms
The earth goes around the sun, and it takes a year to complete a circle.
A year is divided into December, and the twenty-four sections are closely connected.
According to the Gregorian calendar, the two gases will not change every month.
The first half of the year is June and 21st, and the second half is every August and 23rd.
These are the festivals, and the difference is only one or two days.
Twenty-four verses have successively, and the following formulas are recorded in my heart:
A slight cold followed by a severe cold in January, and it rained in beginning of spring in February;
The spring equinox is in March, and the Qingming Grain Rain is in April;
Long summer and Xiaoman in May, and the summer solstice in June;
July heat and light heat, beginning of autumn summer in August;
In September, the Millennium meets the autumnal equinox, and the cold dew in first frost is all in October;
Beginning of winter has a light snow in November and a heavy snow winter solstice to welcome the new year.
Grasp the season and be busy with production, and plant and harvest in time to ensure a bumper year.
(7) The jingle of solar terms popular among farmers in Northeast China.
The sun is turning in beginning of spring, the rain is along the river, the crows are screaming, the land is dry at the vernal equinox, the wheat is busy at Qingming, and Grain Rain is planting fields;
Long summer goose feathers live, the birds are full, the awn seeds are shoveled, the summer solstice is not cotton, the summer heat is not hot, and the summer heat is three days;
Beginning of autumn was busy playing Diandian, moving a knife and sickle in the summer, and the Millennium smoke was put on the shelves. The autumnal equinox was not a field, and the cold dew was not cold. first frost changed its days;
Beginning of winter in October, light snow sealed, heavy snow stubble, winter solstice no boat, slight cold near the twelfth month, severe cold for a whole year.
(viii) Twenty-four solar term song
The spring sun is short of breath, and the rain is along the river.
Scared crows crow, and the land is dry at the vernal equinox
Qingming busy planting wheat, Grain Rain planting fields.
Long summer goose feathers live, and small birds come to the whole.
The awn seeds are shoveled, and the summer solstice does not take cotton.
It's not hot in the summer, but it's in the dog days.
Beginning of autumn was busy hitting the lake, and he moved his knife and sickle in the summer.
White dew smoke is put on the shelves, and the autumn equinox does not give birth to fields.
Cold dew is not cold, first frost has changed.
Beginning of winter is in October, and the Xiaoxue River is strict.
The snowy river is closed, and the winter solstice is not allowed.
Slight cold and severe cold for another year.
Fun of solar festival couplet
There are 24 solar terms in a year in Chinese lunar calendar. In Chinese couplets, the theme of solar terms is wonderful, and some of them contain a story.
Legend has it that there was a learning platform in the Ming Dynasty, and when visiting Tiantai Mountain in Zhejiang Province, it stayed overnight in a hut in the mountains. The next morning, I saw the hut was covered with frost, and my heart felt something and I sang the first couplet casually.
It was cold last night, and the hut in first frost was like a light snow.
There are three solar terms embedded in the couplet, all at once, without trace. Become absolute for a while. It was not until modern times that Mr. Zhao Gongpei from Zhejiang made the bottom line:
Today, it is shocking, and it rains until Qingming at the spring equinox.
The same three solar terms are very neat.
Another couplet is more literary and scientific:
The vernal equinox in February and the autumnal equinox in August are neither long nor short; There is no difference between yin and yang in three years and five years.
The first part not only points out the months of the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox, but also makes clear the time characteristics of these two months, that is, February and August are even day and night. The second couplet shows the regularity of lunar leap year from another angle, and its scientific nature is beyond doubt.
Hong Chengchou, the former minister of the Ming Dynasty and later the Qing Dynasty, played a couplet when playing chess with people on the day of "Grain Rain", saying:
A wonderful game of chess almost forgot Grain Rain today;
Why don't the leaders of the two dynasties be clear in other years?
The first part was made by Hong Chengchou, and the second part was made by the players. It is intended to satirize Hong's loss of justice and humiliation, and it is a pun with deep irony.
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20, 2006, this folk custom was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.