1. Main cultivated varieties. At present, the main cultivated varieties are yellow skin of chicken heart and yellow skin of big chicken heart.
Second, the requirements of wampee for environmental conditions
⑴ Temperature: The area with annual average temperature above 20℃ and monthly average temperature above 1 2℃ is the most suitable. When the temperature is below 0℃, adult trees will suffer from freezing injury, and the cold tolerance of young trees is also poor.
⑵ Moisture: Wampee is an evergreen fruit tree, which needs a humid environment and sufficient moisture. It grows well in areas where the annual rainfall is more than1500mm and is evenly distributed. Too much moisture or too concentrated rainfall is unfavorable to the growth, development, flowering and fruiting of Wampee.
⑶ Illumination: With sufficient illumination, the branches and leaves in the canopy can absorb scattered light for photosynthesis, expand the photosynthetic area, enhance the accumulation of nutrients in the tree, expand the fruit-bearing area, and improve the quality and yield of fruits; Insufficient light affects photosynthesis and nutrient accumulation of plants, which is unfavorable to plant growth and development.
⑷ Soil: The wampee has low requirements for soil, and it can be planted in clay loam and sandy loam, but different soils will have different effects on the life and yield of wampee plants. When planted in sandy loam with good drainage, fertile soil and deep soil layer, the tree will be strong, long-lived and have high and stable yield; Planting wampee on the sticky soil with poor soil, poor drainage and water accumulation will lead to short life and low yield.
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Third, planting techniques
(1) Planting time: usually from March to May, when there is more rain, the temperature rises, it is easy to take root and the plant survival rate is high. When transplanting, the root system of nutrient bag seedlings is less affected, and the garden with irrigation conditions can be planted in spring, summer, autumn and winter.
⑵2. Planting density: generally, 50-80 plants are planted per mu, and the plant spacing can be 3m× 4m or 2.5m× 3.5m.. When close planting is planned, about 1 10 plants are planted per mu, and the plant spacing can be 2m× 3m. Dig holes according to the specifications of length, width 1 m and depth of 0.8m. Each hole shall be buried with 50 kg of green manure, 50 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 500 g of lime and 500 g of phosphate fertilizer, and the backfill topsoil shall be about 20 cm above the ground.
(3) Planting: When planting, the roots of wampee seedlings should avoid contact with fertilizers, the seedlings should be kept upright, the roots should stretch naturally around, and the depth should be covered with fine soil to the root neck.
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Four, young tree management technology
(A) fertilizer and water management
⑴ Fertilization: Young tree roots are underdeveloped, with shallow distribution and weak absorption. Fertilization should be based on the principle of frequent application and thin application, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and foliar micro-fertilizer. Fertilization can be started after the survival of colonization 1 month, and then fertilization can be started before each new shoot sprouts and after the new shoot turns green. In addition, organic fertilizer should be deeply applied every winter.
⑵ Water management: Young trees grow vigorously, with shallow and few roots, which are easily affected by soil moisture changes. It is necessary to strengthen soil moisture management, irrigate during drought, drain during waterlogging, and keep the soil moist to facilitate the normal growth of plants.
(2) Soil management
⑴ Loosening: Young wampee orchards should be loosened several times a year, which is generally combined with weeding and intercropping crops. In summer and autumn, loosen the soil after rain to prevent the soil from hardening. The depth of loosening soil around rhizosphere is 5- 10 cm.
⑵ Soil improvement: generally, from the second year after planting, an annular ditch is opened at the periphery of the original planting hole, or a strip ditch is dug between rows (between plants) with a depth of 40-50 cm and a width of 30 cm. Apply forage, crop stalks, garbage and appropriate amount of lime in layers, rotate the position every year, and turn over the soil once in 2-3 years.
(3) Shaping and pruning: after the seedlings are planted and survive, pick the core at the height of the trunk of 40-50 cm or cut it short to promote the bud germination under the section. When the main branches are ripe, they are cored or chopped at15-20cm to promote the germination of buds under the cut, and then 2-3 robust and reasonably distributed branches are selected from each main branch to be cultivated into secondary main branches, and tertiary branches and tertiary branches are cultivated in the same way.
(4) Intercropping: Leguminous crops, such as peanuts, soybeans or vegetables, can be intercropped in the young wampee orchard without affecting the growth of wampee, which is beneficial to soil moisture preservation and heat protection.