Jade can be divided into nephrite and jadeite, which is also called jadeite. From the chemical composition, nephrite is a silicate containing calcium, magnesium and iron, while jadeite is a silicate containing sodium and aluminum.

Here are some common methods to identify true and false jade articles:

(1) water identification method

Drop a drop of water on the jade. If it becomes a dewdrop, it will be a real jade if it persists for a long time.

(2) Hand touch method

If it is real jade, it feels cold and lubricated by hand.

(3) Observation method

Looking at the jade in the light, it is true jade with clear color and even green distribution.

(4) tip identification method

The real jade on the tip of the tongue feels astringent, but the fake jade doesn't.

In addition, you can also observe with a magnifying glass, mainly to see whether there are cracks, and the value of cracks is greatly reduced.

Quality identification of jade

There are six criteria to identify the quality of jade, namely "color, transparency, uniformity, shape, knock and shine".

(1) color

Green is the best jade, and the value of red and purple jade is only1/5 of that of green jade. If jade contains red, purple, green and white, it is called "Fu Lu Shou Xi"; If it only contains red, green and white, it is "Fu Lushou". The dim and yellowish ones are inferior. If it is monochromatic jade, it is better to have a uniform color.

(2) through

Transparent and crystal clear as glass, no dirty spots, no chaff, no astringency is the top grade. Translucent and opaque jade are called intermediate jade and ordinary jade respectively. Before the Qing Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, jade with red, green and white colors was called jadeite jade. In modern times, jadeite jade refers to generally transparent jade. At present, jadeite jade is transparent and green.

(3) Uniform

The color of jade is uniform. Although it contains white and green, the color is uneven, so its value is very low.

(4) shape

The shape of jade can be processed into different styles according to different aesthetic requirements, without special standards. Generally speaking, the bigger the jade, the better.

(5) Knock

There are often cracks and cuts in jade, which are generally not easy to observe. If you knock with a metal bar or gently throw the jade on the counter, you can tell whether there are cracks from the clear sound. The louder the sound, the better.

(6) according to

There are black spots and flaws in jade that are not easy to be found by naked eyes. Just take a photo with a magnifying glass of 10 times, and you can take a glance.

The quality of jade can be divided into 10 grades, and each grade can be subdivided into three grades: upper, middle and lower. Among them, white jade has the lowest value regardless of its color and transparency.

Natural jade is characterized by a slight light color without light blue (commonly known as evil color). There is also a kind of synthetic jade, which is made of jade powder, crystal and salt water, and looks like a dark "old pit jade". The identification method is very simple, because it is different from natural jade in proportion, and it can be weighed by hand or with a balance, and the heaviest one is real jade.

At present, the market is often mixed with some exquisite fake jade. The general methods to distinguish fake jade are watching, listening and testing.

(1) Look

Mainly depends on the crystal transparency, internal structure, luster and so on. Real jade is transparent, oily and shiny, with natural patterns, and the internal fiber state is not easy to imitate.

(2) Listen

Real jade sounds crisp, while fake jade sounds dull.

(3) measurement

Mainly to measure hardness. With the glass plate (rubbing hardness of 5.5) as the standard, except for jade and turquoise, stripes can generally be drawn on the glass plate, while the jade itself is intact. Fake jade is generally soft and can't scratch the glass.

Common fake jade is generally made of plastic and glass. They are all amorphous materials with low hardness and low density, as well as the essential characteristics of materials. For example, plastic can be picked with a steel needle, or it can be scratched and floated lightly in your hand. Glass shows bubbles in the light or sunlight, and it shows amorphousness under the polarizer (there is no periodic change of light and shade when it rotates), and there are raw materials to make spiral stripes.

Quality identification of jadeite jade

Among many members of the jade family, jade is the most precious. It is a natural ore with extremely high hardness and little output. Its colors are mainly green and red. Red is Fei and green is Cui, hence the name Jade.

(1) classification of jadeite

(1) Super grade: bright green (grandmother green), apple green, glass floor (translucent, fine texture), even and bright, without impurities and cracks.

Commodity grade: green, oily green land, slightly transparent, semi-transparent grandmother green veinlets and mottled green.

③ Ordinary grade: lotus root powder ground, bean green, light green, fine white and slightly transparent. Opaque jadeite is generally only used as jade jewelry.

(2) Quality identification of jadeite

1 texture. Natural jadeite is transparent or translucent in texture, and its surface is oily and shiny. If you look closely, you can see nearly round slightly transparent "salt particles" and fibrous substances around it.

② Hardness. Natural jadeite is jadeite, and its Mohs hardness is 7 degrees. It will be carved with a sharp knife without leaving any traces. The hardness of fake jade is low, and a sharp knife can mark it.

3 emerald. When natural jadeite is observed in strong light, it can be seen that there are emerald flashes of other mineral particles, which are called Cui Hua or emerald; Fakes made of glass, plastic and porcelain have no such "emerald" characteristics.

④ Relative density (specific gravity). Natural jadeite has a hard and compact structure, no bubbles, high density and crisp sound when it is knocked; Counterfeit products have loose structure or bubbles, low density, and hoarse knocking sound.

⑤ Color. The genuine product is rich and pure in emerald color. Some fakes are made of white jade, serpentine, Australian jade, Han Guoyu, marble and even miscellaneous stones. After decoloring, they are filled with high-hardness plastic slurry and colored, or immersed in green liquid to make "colored jade". When observed under strong light, green lines can be seen, which are messy and small; Although some of them do not show lines, they are unclear and have poor luster, and their weight is lighter than the real thing.

Put the fake products into the melted wax solution, and the injected pigment will slowly separate out. In this way, the tested samples will not be damaged, and the authenticity can be identified.

Observed by Celsi filter, the additive emerald is purplish red under the mirror, and the color of the natural genuine product remains unchanged.

Some fake jadeites are made by artificial melting of glass, with loose structure, even and dark green color, and some have bubbles, and their voices are hoarse when they are struck with hard instruments.

(3) the choice of jadeite

1 look at the color. See if the color is pure, rich and uniform, and use a spotlight flashlight to check whether there are hidden variegated colors. The color is rich, pure and uniform, and the impurities are small. Emerald green has a higher price, followed by red and purple. Among the greens, the tender and slightly yellow seedling green is the best, followed by sapphire green, river green and oil green, and the green is evenly distributed.

② Observe the transparency. Observing under strong light, the higher the transparency, the better.

3 listen to the sound. The sound of knocking is crisp and pleasant.

④ Observe the emerald and stone flowers. According to light observation, jadeite has the flash of other mineral particles (that is, emerald), and there are often massive white flowers, called stone flowers. Both are better with less.

⑤ Look at cracks and dark spots. Some cracks exist in the raw ore, and some are caused by processing, so less is better; Black spots are black spots everywhere in jadeite, and it is better to be few and small.

⑥ Look at the processing level. Smooth surface, good polishing and good shape are preferred.

How to distinguish genuine agate from fake agate?

The most striking sign that natural agate is different from fake agate is that its cross section has concentric layered structure. With this sign, the whole agate is easier to identify, while the cut finished product is easy to admit mistakes because there is no neat and obvious pattern. But generally speaking, natural agate feels cool, its surface looks like a layer of wax, and it has the luster of wax, translucency, and the hardness is at Mohs 7, so it can't be carved with a knife, because it is a crystal formed in a molten state, mostly spherical, so it is particularly dense; After grinding, the surface is more delicate. After rubbing on the hard miscellaneous board for more than a dozen times, the agate is not hot, but the board is hot. Colors are often mixed together to form beautiful patterns, layers, brocade and other colorful patterns.

In addition to artificial synthesis, some fake agates are made of high-quality stone. Its basic characteristics are: it feels cool, but it has no waxy feeling and luster, and some of it has low hardness, so it can be engraved with a knife; Smash the observation section, except for the layering of agate, the particles are coarse and even cracked; Opaque, with clear boundaries between colors. Some unscrupulous traders stick a thin layer of organic matter on the surface of fake agate, which gives people the illusion of waxy luster and hand feeling, so special attention should be paid to identification. The acceptance rate of lost good answers is 36.1%2010-1-3017.

First, look at the color. Color is the most important factor to evaluate the quality of jade. Jade with uniform, sunny, thick and positive color is the top grade. "Uniform" means uniform; "Yang" refers to bright color, which gives people a sense of cheerfulness and no stagnation; "Thick" means that the color is darker; "Positive" means that there are no other variegated colors mixed together.

The second is to look at the texture. Jade is a polycrystalline mineral formed by silicate at high temperature and high pressure, and the size of its constituent crystals will directly affect the smoothness, transparency and color tone after pondering. Therefore, the finer the polycrystalline structure, the better the texture of jade.

The third is to look at transparency. Transparency is a physical phenomenon that complements texture. The finer the texture, the higher the transparency. If the permeability of jade is like glass, the fineness of the crystals in it can make the light straight through without being blocked.

The fourth is to look at the processing the day after tomorrow. When jade is mined, it is just like ore. It must be carefully cut into different shapes by experienced professional craftsmen, then processed, polished and carved, polished and waxed before it can be sold in the market. Those that have not been bleached or dyed at all during processing are "A" grade, with the highest value; Those bleached and faded are "B" grade, followed by the value; The value of the dyed "C" grade is low. Excellent acquired processing can make the jade icing on the cake and double its value.

Fifth, look at the cracks. Cracks in jade may be caused during mining or processing. With cracks, no matter how good the color, texture and transparency are, it will affect its value. Sometimes cracks are not obvious on its surface, but they can be seen by careful observation in the sun. Especially for bleached or dyed jade, cracks are common phenomena.

While distinguishing the quality of jade, it is also necessary to prevent artificial imitation jade from being fake. Artificial imitation jade is made of glass, plastic and other materials after dyeing. Most of the glass imitation jade contains bubbles, and the color is bright, and the green color has a strong light, which is different from the real jade. Plastic imitation jade is lighter than real jade, with poor transparency and dull tone, which is far from real jade.

The following introduces the advantages and disadvantages of jade, and the method of distinguishing between true and false:

Water identification method will drop a drop of water on the jade, if it becomes a dewdrop, it will be a real jade; What drops of water disappear quickly is fake goods.

Touch by hand, if it is real jade, it will feel cold and lubricated.

In the inspection method, jade articles are oriented to bright places, such as sunlight and lighting. If the color is clear and the green is evenly distributed, they are real jade.

The tongue licking method has a astringent feeling on the tip of the tongue; The fake jade has no astringent feeling.

Magnifying glass to watch the purchased jade under a magnifying glass, mainly whether there are cracks. Those without cracks are the best quality jade, followed by those with cracks. Even if it is real jade, its value with cracks is greatly reduced. The more cracks, the more obvious it is, and the lower its value is.