Shangyuan is the first full moon night when spring returns to the earth, so it is called Yuanye and Yuanxi, and the tide is commonly known as "Fifteen Nights". Ancient times were the most charming, lively and "night-time" of the year.
This night is not only bright and bright, but also bright and twinkling in thousands of households, so it is also called "Lantern Festival". In the first year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1862), Chen Kun, a supervisor in Chaoyang County, recited the poem "Chaozhou Yuanxiao": "The lights in Shangyuan are red in six streets, and the figures, clothes and fragrance are the same everywhere.
When you meet with a smile, there is no other news. Who makes a lamp and tiger to work? Tang Bohu, a romantic talent in the south of the Yangtze River, also left a wonderful poem praising the popularity of the Lantern Festival: "A moon without lights is not entertaining, and a moon without lights is not spring; Towards everywhere spring comes as seen here with lady fair, Over bright moonlit night flashing lanterns set off the moon as pure silver. The streets are full of women who swim in the village, and the stars are singing and playing; If you don't smile, how can you get rid of this good time? "
Poetry tells the moving scene of a man and a woman having a Lantern Festival. Chaoshan people's Lantern Festival cultural entertainment and activities are rich in content, diverse in forms, varied, distinctive and fascinating.
In addition to traditional lanterns, there are fireworks, animal dances, lion dances and dragon dances, graffiti plays, yangko dances, square plays, movie screenings, swings and solve riddles on the lanterns. There are also "sitting on a big dish", "pushing the toilet wall", "holding a big pig", "seeking happiness", "making a ding table", "hanging banyan branches and bamboo tips on the door" and "gambling on sugar lions", which contain folk anecdotes. The Chaozhou family must also have sweet glutinous rice, fermented glutinous rice and glutinous rice to worship their ancestors. In particular, every household in Zhanglin ancient port of Chenghai has to cook rat meal and feed it to relatives and friends for tasting. This peach is the most homesick for overseas hipsters.
On the night of Lantern Festival, the whole family is reunited, and a banquet is held to eat "family fun". At the feast of delicious food, clams, garlic and fish are indispensable delicacies. Shells of clams in ancient times mean coins, and eating clams means "money counts"; Eating garlic symbolizes good luck for many years and "will be cost-effective"; Fish-eating pray for a rich family, more than every year, etc. Chaoshan people's Lantern Festival best embodies the Chaozhou characteristics of "the legacy of Zou Lu", and it is the most exciting and moving, which makes people love to see and hear many folk customs. It is only briefly described as follows: Lantern Festival is celebrated. Chenghai County Records records: "From the eleventh night of the first month, temple streets are decorated with lights, scholars and women are playing and singing.
Lantern Festival competition, decorated with lanterns and colorful decorations, turned out to be Aoshan Mountain, with picturesque figures and pavilions, which is called "the sky that never sleeps". During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a sentence in the traditional drama "Li Jing Ji" that "three streets and six lanes have good light sheds", which proved the prosperous scene of Chaozhou lanterns at that time, and provoked Huang Wuniang to go out of the house to enjoy the lanterns in the street privately.
Wu Niang saw Chen San, the lover under the lamp, and threw litchi as a gift. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, the Lantern Festival and Lantern Competition in Zhanglin Ancient Port of Chenghai became more prosperous.
The newly compiled Chenghai County Records records that "the lamp cabinets in Donglong, the gauze lamps in Chengcheng, Lianyang and Zhanglin, and the painted lamps in shops and markets are all rare or not". There are not only colorful seat lights and screen lights everywhere; There are also hanging lanterns, lamp cabinets, lamp signs, palace lanterns, lanterns and so on.
On the Lantern Festival, children are in droves, carrying lanterns one after another and playing around the streets, which is very lively. There are proverbs in Chaoshan, such as "Lantern Festival in the first month, drama in February" and "Don't beg people (don't let others) to paint the lamp cabinet", which also shows the warning function of the cartoon painting on Lantern Festival.
The lively scene of thousands of lights in Chaoxiang Lantern Festival will last until the 18th. Occasionally, "the weather is not beautiful" and "Lantern Festival in the rain" have been circulated as a meteorological agricultural proverb.
To the sugar lion before the Chaoshan Lantern Festival, praying for good luck and prosperity in the New Year. Legend has it that the lion is one of the mascots of the descendants of the Chinese people in China. It can ward off evil spirits and is a symbol of solemnity and wealth.
It has always been deeply loved by Chaoshan people. Qiu Yishan (pen name Shi Weng), a Hong Kong Chaozhou poet, recited the poem "Yuanxiao": "Yuanxiao Festival is in Longxiang, and the customs and customs are like hometown; It is good luck before the evening gods, and the sugar lion fruit is peaceful. "
Poems show that Hong Kong hipsters are spreading the custom of worshipping sugar lions on Lantern Festival. Sugar lion is a kind of sweet food made of white sugar (made by pouring syrup into carving mold). It has bright colors, beautiful patterns and various shapes, and integrates arts and crafts, food culture and local customs.
In pairs, the big one is full of momentum, and the small one is small and exquisite, which is lovely. On the night of the Lantern Festival, every family worships the sugar lion and borrows it from friends for good luck. Next year, the Lantern Festival will be returned in full, hence the name "Gambling Sugar Lion".
Shaoxiong Li, a poet who sits on a big dish, wrote the poem "Lantern Festival Sitting on a big dish": "Watching the lights has stopped at night, and my little sister's good night is not finished. Meet in the field and sit on a big dish, and you will marry a good Langguan in the future. "
The mustard planted by farmers in Chaoshan in winter has tender stems and leaves, huge vegetable buds, round green, bright and beautiful, commonly known as big vegetables. The ancient girl secretly went to the vegetable field in the suburbs to sit on a big dish at midnight snack, and said to herself, "Sit and sit on a big dish and marry a good husband."
I sincerely hope to marry a good husband who suits my heart, and be surrounded, hugged, intimate and friendly like Ye Lei of a big dish, so that my family will be happy and harmonious in the future and my life will be happy. Another red man secretly went to the suburbs to tear down the toilet wall, saying that he could marry "Yajie" (a beautiful wife).
In the old custom, a farmer in Chaoshan who carried a big pig went to the suburbs during the Lantern Festival to choose a piece of stone like a fat pig. On the 15th night, he quietly took this stone to his home in front of the pigsty (fence) slot, offered a sacrifice, lit a big red candle, and offered incense. The housewife at home sincerely bowed down and prayed for the pigs raised by himself to grow fat quickly, with thick meat and fat pigs in the New Year, saying silently: This is the custom of "holding a big pig in the Lantern Festival".
2. What are people's habits of Lantern Festival? The first month is January. The ancients called the night "Xiao", and the fifteenth day is the first full moon night of the year, so the fifteenth day of the first month is called the Lantern Festival.
Also known as "Shangyuan Festival". Lantern Festival has always been highly valued by the people among the people.
During the Lantern Festival, in addition to watching lanterns, eating Yuanxiao and solve riddles on the lanterns, people will also have colorful entertainment activities such as singing and dancing, dragon dancing, lion playing, walking on stilts, yangko dancing and roller boating, which are comparable to the Spring Festival. Therefore, people are used to calling a series of entertainment activities during the Lantern Festival "Lantern Festival". On the fifteenth day of the first month, the Lantern Festival in Kaiping is used to cooking dumplings.
Some people sang: "I like to eat Yuanxiao pills, and every family celebrates reunion." Tangyuan symbolizes reunion and good luck.
Tangyuan is usually made by kneading glutinous rice flour into pills and cooking them in water. There are sweet and salty tangyuan. When making sweet glutinous rice balls, Kaiping people are used to putting a little ginger in sugar water, which has a unique fragrance.
Every year during the Lantern Festival, there are dragon and lion dances, solve riddles on the lanterns and other recreational activities in Kaiping, the hometown of overseas Chinese. Kaiping Dragon Dance is quite distinctive, with different images, such as cloth dragon, sarong, paper dragon and grass dragon, which are generally made of bamboo, wood, paper, cloth and straw.
When I was a child, I watched the dancing grass dragon on the Lantern Festival night. The big grass dragon made of straw was about three or four feet long. The dragon was fitted with some candles, which curled up in piles for a while and floated for a while, giving people an ethereal and mysterious feeling. Let's talk about lion dancing.
The lion's head painting in Kaiping generally represents Guan Gong and Zhang Fei in red and black respectively, and there is also a difference between a literary lion and a martial lion. The lion is the king of beasts, and it is also the auspicious beast in folklore, so it is very popular.
During the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival, teams of lions walk through the streets and go door-to-door to congratulate people on the New Year, in order to show that the lions are lucky and happy. In order to attract a lion, the shops in the market town always set up a "green" at the door (that is, lettuce is wrapped in a red envelope, and there is money in the red envelope), so that the lion can worship and dance to the sound of firecrackers and drums, and leave with a "green", which is called "picking green"
Solve riddles on the lanterns, the Lantern Festival, is elegant and a folk custom in Kaiping. In ancient China, riddles were also called "Yu Ci" and "argot". Both "Yu" and "Yin" mean hiding. In the Southern Song Dynasty, people in Hangzhou put riddles on the blue gauze lanterns during the Lantern Festival, so the name "lantern riddle" came into being.
What people say about lantern riddles now is actually riddles, which are not necessarily attached to lamps. Solve riddles on the lanterns, a folk lantern festival in Kaiping, is pasted on the wall or hung on a rope.
When I was a child, I participated in the Lantern Festival solve riddles on the lanterns in the village, which was very interesting. At that time, the riddle was posted on the wall, and whoever guessed correctly could get a candy.
We greedy children often think hard about eating candy, and once we guess right, we jump for joy. Looking back now, I still think solve riddles on the lanterns is very interesting.
3. How to write a good composition Accumulation is the basis of writing a good composition. Writing is a process of mobilizing language information in the brain to stimulate information recall, exchange and screening between cortical cells, so as to combine accumulated things with their own feelings and turn them into words.
Therefore, the first thing to write a good composition is accumulation. Primary school students have begun to learn Chinese since they entered school, and they have already begun to consciously accumulate writing.
First, the accumulation of words, then the accumulation of words, until the accumulation of sentences, paragraphs and articles. A student's composition, whether good or bad, uses his accumulated words, words, sentences and other contents in the process of writing.
Children who have accumulated a lot often have rich languages, vivid and beautiful compositions, reasonable composition structures and clever ideas. And the composition written by children who accumulate less is often pale and simple.
If a student has an empty stomach, asking him to write his composition well is just like "a clever woman can't cook without rice". Therefore, the basis for students to write a good composition is to accumulate a lot of science.
In the process of composition teaching for several years, I asked students to accumulate a lot. Now I will record some experiences and discuss them with you. First, clear the object of students' accumulation and what students need to accumulate will be helpful to their writing.
This is the first problem that we must understand clearly. Generally speaking, good vocabulary, beautiful sentences, wonderful paragraphs, excellent articles, two-part allegorical sayings, famous sayings and ancient poems are all objects of accumulation.
If a student is full of good words and sentences, he can use them conveniently when writing. A student who has read and memorized a lot of articles will subtly combine the structure and ideas of others' articles with his own innovation when writing, and create more excellent works.
Second, understand the long-term accumulation of students and analyze the word "accumulation". Accumulation means gathering gradually.
Many a mickle makes a mickle, which means that accumulation is a long-term construction process. Of course, the accumulation of composition does not mean a day or two, a month or two of effort.
It requires students to persevere for a long time and develop good accumulation habits. Only in this way can many a mickle makes a mickle and lay a solid foundation for composition.
Third, to grasp the ladder accumulation of students' accumulation, we should reasonably divide the levels according to students' cognitive laws. You can't let a child who can just write a few words recite profound masterpieces.
No matter how good the article is, students should be able to understand and digest it. Therefore, according to students' cognitive rules, we can roughly divide them into three levels.
It's like a ladder, so that students can gradually rise along the ladder. 1, Grade 12 students can let them accumulate a large number of vocabulary.
It is also required to use most of the accumulated vocabulary to make sentences. In the first grade, students can be asked to copy words in the accumulation book, and then say sentences orally with words.
Pay attention to every sentence must be said correctly and fluently. Grade two students should not only copy the newly mastered words in the accumulation book, but also write sentences with this word.
On the basis of writing every sentence correctly and fluently, we strive to write concretely and vividly. You can even use several accumulated words in one sentence at the same time.
In addition to accumulating a large number of vocabulary, students in Grade One and Grade Two can also be asked to recite a large number of ancient poems. Children are not required to understand what it means.
Just memorize those catchy poems by heart. (For specific methods, please read the article "Accumulation of Ancient Poems for Junior Students".) 2. Students in Grade 3 and Grade 4 should also accumulate vocabulary.
The difference is that children of this age level have a certain understanding ability. They can be required to accumulate idioms, proverbs and two-part allegorical sayings, especially idioms.
It is also required to write beautiful and vivid sentences with accumulated vocabulary. A child with strong ability can be asked to write a paragraph.
In addition, you must also ask to recite good sentences every time you accumulate, and write the sentences you recite in the accumulation book. 3. The accumulation of the fifth and sixth grades should be mainly based on reading.
Ask them to read a lot of excellent articles. Record good paragraphs, draw pictures in circles on the paragraphs, and mark good words and sentences.
You can also ask them to accumulate ancient poems again. Write down the ancient poems that have been memorized, and ask to understand the meaning and feel the artistic conception of the poem.
Fourth, the method of teaching students to accumulate should organically combine reading, memorizing, remembering and understanding. The best way to accumulate is to read attentively.
And the object of reading is not limited to composition books. It is necessary to cultivate students' extensive reading interest.
All kinds of books and articles should be read. Teach students to draw while reading: 1.
Draw good words, draw appreciation places, and draw interesting places that attract you. 2. Write down while reading.
Extract good words and paragraphs from the accumulation book. Targeted memorization is also a very effective accumulation.
When students are worried about a composition and can't write. Instead of teaching him to write sentence by sentence hand in hand.
Let him figure it out himself. You can ask him to find a lot of relevant compositions and materials and ask him to read them carefully.
And recite the good things and record them in the notebook. Then, let him write.
You can make it imitate, but you are not allowed to read books and accumulate books, and you can't copy examples. This method is more suitable for children with poor writing skills.
On the one hand, it can help him finish his composition, on the other hand, it can cultivate his good habit of writing his own composition. The most important thing is that when you finish your composition, what you have accumulated before has been internalized into your own things.
Accumulation is actually ubiquitous and ubiquitous. Listening to others, watching TV and traveling abroad can absorb many good words, sentences and writing materials.
Students should be taught to keep these materials in mind and record them in time. In addition, it is necessary to ask students to be ready to accumulate money.
This book requires good quality and a certain thickness, preferably hard cover, which is easy to keep. Students are required to keep the accumulated books they have used up.
This is a fortune for children. The most important thing is to teach students to review in time while accumulating constantly.
Look through the contents recorded before every once in a while. In order to achieve the effect of consolidation.
Fourth, cultivating students' accumulated interests Since it is so important, we need to cultivate students' accumulated interests. Never let students feel that accumulation is a burden.
First of all, students must not be assigned too much accumulated homework. What we want is that every little makes a mickle, and.
4. When did the Spring Festival dragon lantern start? This question was designed to the origin of the dragon lantern. As early as the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the image of the dragon had already taken shape in China. By the Han Dynasty, the dragon lantern dance was quite common among the people. The relevant historical materials are as follows:
"Playing Dragon Lantern" is also called "Dragon Dance" and "Dragon Lantern Dance", which is a popular folk dance in China.
The ancient people of China created the image of a dragon for their good wishes. According to legend, the ancients called dragons, phoenixes, unicorns and turtles four spirits. Beautiful shape, colorful, rigid and flexible lines. Shining unique artistic brilliance in the river of history. As early as the Shang and Yin Dynasties, bronze wares and bones were engraved with dragon-shaped patterns. The dragon pattern of bronze wares in the Zhou Dynasty has gradually become complete. "Playing with dragon lanterns" has become quite common among the people in the Han Dynasty. In the performances of "Shehuo" and "Dance Team" in Tang and Song Dynasties, "playing with dragon lanterns" has become a common form of performance. In the Song Dynasty, Wu Zimu's "Dream of Liang Lu" recorded that Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, "On the Lantern Festival night, the grass was tied to Jackie Chan, covered with a green curtain, and there were thousands of lights and candles, which looked like a double dragon."
In ancient times, people regarded the "dragon" as an auspicious embodiment, representing the wish of good weather. Therefore, dragon dancing was used to pray for the protection of the dragon, so as to achieve good weather and good harvest in all seasons. People dance with bamboo and iron ligatures and colorful dragons made of satin or cloth for fun, showing a cheerful mood. After continuous processing and manufacturing by folk artists, "playing with dragon lanterns" has developed into a folk dance art with perfect form, considerable performance skills and romanticism, which is deeply loved by the masses.
There are two kinds of performances of "Playing Dragon Lantern": "Playing Pearl with Single Dragon" and "Playing Pearl with Double Dragon". The dragon body is composed of many sections, each section is about five feet apart, and the first section is called a gear. The "knots" that make up the dragon body are generally singular. (eg of nine, eleven and thirteen stanzas). The faucet part is also divided into different weights, generally weighing about 30 kilograms. Those who light candles in the Dragon Ball are called "Dragon Lantern" and those who don't are called "Bulong".
In terms of playing tricks, local styles are different and have their own characteristics. Playing nine knots mainly focuses on tricks, and the more common moves are: dragon roaming, dragon drilling crotch (piercing flowers), head and tail drilling, dragon swinging tail and snake peeling. In dragon play, no matter what kind of tricks are performed, the performers have to start with broken steps. Playing with the 11th and 13th festival dragons, the main performance is the dragon's movements, that is, the dragon chases the red orb and leaps, and suddenly rises high, as if flying into the clouds; Suddenly low, like breaking the waves into the sea, winding and moving, it looks good.
There is also a habit of playing dragon lanterns in rural areas, that is, not only playing in the village, but also performing in other villages and "competing" in the wide streets and squares of the town or city. During the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival, with the sound of gongs, drums and firecrackers falling one after another, various folk "Dragon Dance" teams show their talents and arouse the crowds.