Diabetics can eat more high-fiber foods to promote the body's sugar metabolism. Such as corn, wheat, cabbage, leeks, bean products.
Vegetables with low sugar content. Such as leeks, zucchini, winter squash, pumpkin, bok choy, green peppers, eggplant. And tomatoes are low in sugar, both as a vegetable and a fruit can be eaten more.
Eat more food containing calcium. Calcium deficiency can contribute to the aggravation of diabetics. Such as shrimp, kelp, pork ribs, sesame paste, soybeans, milk and so on.
Selenium-rich foods. Selenium has the same physiological activity as insulin to regulate glucose metabolism. Such as fish, shiitake mushrooms, sesame seeds, garlic, mustard greens, etc., they can lower blood sugar and improve the symptoms of diabetes.
Foods rich in vitamin B and vitamin C. Supplementation of these two elements is conducive to slowing down the process of diabetic complications, and is beneficial to alleviating diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Such as fish, milk, cabbage, beans and bok choy, mustard greens, kale, green peppers, fresh dates and so on.
In addition, pumpkin, bitter melon, onion, eel, etc. on the patient's polydrinking, polyphagia, polyuria symptoms have significantly improved the role of lowering blood glucose, regulating blood glucose concentration of the function, suitable for eating more.
Diabetes is a common chronic non-communicable disease, due to the body of insulin absolute or relative lack of glucose concentration in the blood caused by the rise, and then a large amount of sugar from the urine, presenting a lot of drinking, urinating, eating, losing weight, dizziness, fatigue and other symptoms. Diabetes can further lead to various serious acute and chronic complications throughout the body, causing damage to many systems in the body, especially to blood vessels and nerves. Diabetes has become one of the three major killers of human health today, seriously threatening human health. Among them, diabetic foot is one of the most common complications, often leading to disability or even death.
Dietary principles for diabetics
Modern medicine has proved that normal people, after diet, with the rise in blood glucose, insulin secretion is also increased, so that the blood glucose drop and maintained in the normal range, therefore, diabetes will not occur. And diabetic patients, due to the pancreatic islet function is reduced, insulin secretion absolute or relative insufficient, insulin can not be in the diet with the blood glucose increase, can not play an effective role in lowering blood glucose, so the blood glucose is more than the normal range. At this time, if you eat and drink like a normal person, without dietary control, or even over-eating, it will make the blood glucose rise too high, and it will adversely affect the pancreatic tissues which are already under-secreting, so that the pancreatic function will be even more diminished, and insulin secretion will be even more reduced, which will further aggravate the condition. Therefore, the diabetic should be reasonable dietary control.
Dietary therapy is the basis for the treatment of all types of sugar laziness now, is one of the most fundamental treatment of diabetes. Regardless of what type of diabetes, the severity of the condition or the presence of complications, whether or not to use insulin or oral hypoglycemic drug therapy, should be strictly carried out and long-term adherence to dietary control. For obese type II diabetic patients or elderly light cases, diet therapy can be made the main treatment method, appropriately combined with oral hypoglycemic drugs, the purpose of effective control of the disease can be achieved. For type I diabetes mellitus and severe cases, it should be based on insulin and other medications, and actively control the diet, in order to make effective control of blood glucose and prevent the deterioration of the condition. Therefore, dietary therapy for diabetes mellitus basic therapy, must be strictly observed.
1. The purpose of dietary therapy
(1) to reduce the burden on the pancreatic islets, so that blood glucose, blood lipids to reach or close to normal values, and to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of cardiovascular complications.
(2) Maintaining health so that adults can engage in a variety of normal activities and children can grow and develop normally.
(3) Maintaining normal weight. Obese people reduce energy intake, can improve the receptor sensitivity to insulin. Wasting people double can make weight gain, in order to enhance the resistance to the kind of infection.
2. Dietary therapy application points
(1) Dietary therapy is the basic therapy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, is the premise of all therapeutic methods for all types of diabetes mellitus patients. Light cases can receive good results with dietary therapy, medium and heavy patients, but also must be based on dietary therapy, reasonable application of physical therapy and drug therapy. Only with good dietary control, oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin pancreas can play a good therapeutic effect. Otherwise, if you rely on the so-called new drugs and ignore diet therapy, it is difficult to achieve good clinical results.
(2) Dietary therapy should be adjusted according to the condition at any time, flexible. Wasting patients can be appropriately relaxed to ensure that the total calories. Obese patients must strictly control the diet, low-calorie fat diet to reduce weight. For those who are treated with insulin, attention should be paid to the discretion of 9 to 10 am, 3 to 4 pm or bedtime meals to prevent hypoglycemia. Attention should also be paid to the appropriate addition of staple foods or additional meals when there is much physical labor or activity.
(3) Diet therapy should be scientific and reasonable, not too much and too little. That is, it can not be subjective and arbitrary, nor can it be too restrictive, a little carbohydrate do not dare to eat, but aggravate the condition, or even the emergence of ketosis. Should be based on their own condition, weight, height, strict calculations, in the control of total calories under the premise of scientific and rational arrangement of the diet, to achieve both meet the body's minimum needs, but also to control the total number of calories of the purpose.
(4) Scientific arrangement of staple food and side dishes, not only pay attention to the staple food and ignore side dishes. Although the main food is the main source of blood glucose, should be controlled, but the protein in the side dishes, fat into the body as usual, part of the body can also become blood glucose, become a source of blood glucose. Protein and fat in the metabolism of 58% and 10% respectively into glucose. This kind of side dishes too much, also can make weight gain, is not good for the condition, therefore, in addition to reasonable control of the main food, side dishes should also be reasonable with, otherwise as usual can not achieve the desired results.
(5) Choosing good food suitable for diabetic patients is also very important for the control of diabetes. Attention should be paid to the following two points:
① Unsuitable foods are:
Ⅰ. Foods that are easy to make blood sugar rise rapidly: white sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, glucose, maltose, honey, chocolate, milk sugar, fruit sugar, candied fruit, canned fruit, soft drinks, fruit juices, sweet drinks, jams, ice cream, sweet cookies, cakes, sweet breads and sugary pastries.
II. Foods that are easy to raise blood fat: tallow, mutton fat, lard, butter, cream, fat meat, cholesterol-rich foods, more special attention should be paid, should not be used or less, to prevent atherosclerotic heart disease.
III. Alcohol should not be consumed. Because the alcohol contained in the wine does not contain other nutrients only for heat energy, each gram of alcohol heat production of about 7 kcal (294 joules), long-term drinking on the liver is not good, and easy to cause the rise of serum triglyceride. A small number of patients taking sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs are prone to panic, shortness of breath, red cheeks and other reactions after drinking alcohol. Note that insulin patients fasting drinking alcohol is easy to cause hypoglycemia, so, for the safety of patients or not drink alcohol is better.
② Suitable food: mainly food that can delay the rise of blood sugar and blood fat.
Ⅰ. Soybean and its products: this kind of food in addition to rich in protein, inorganic salts, vitamins, there are more unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil, can reduce blood cholesterol, but also reduce blood triglyceride, contained in the gluten steroid also has a role in lowering fat.
II. Crude sugar: such as oat noodles, buckwheat noodles, hot cereals, cornmeal contains a variety of trace elements, vitamin B and edible fiber. Experiments have proved that they have the effect of delaying the rise of blood sugar. Available cornmeal, soybean flour, white flour at the ratio of 2:2:1 made of triple-flour steamed buns, pancakes, noodles, long-term deactivation, both conducive to lowering sugar and fat, but also reduce hunger.
(6) diabetes now people should eat less or no fruit. Because fruit contains more carbohydrates, and mainly glucose, sucrose, starch. Digestion and absorption after eating fast, can quickly lead to increased blood sugar, diabetic patients are not favorable. So diabetes is generally not advisable to eat more fruit. But because the fruit contains more pectin, pectin has the effect of delaying the absorption of glucose, so you can eat less fruit when the condition is stable.
When eating fruits, it is important to choose them based on their low sugar content. At the same time, according to its sugar content, calculate its caloric energy. Convert it to staple food and reduce or deduct the amount of staple food to keep the total calories the same. It is not advisable to take fruit with every meal, and it is generally considered more appropriate to take it in small quantities between meals (when blood sugar drops). There is a table of nutritional composition of the test, according to the condition of the discretionary choice.
(7) Diabetic patients should also limit the content of cholesterol in the diet. Because diabetic patients have poor control of their condition, easy to raise serum cholesterol, resulting in diabetic vascular complications, not disease coronary heart disease. So diabetic patients should limit the amount of cholesterol in the diet, generally advocate cholesterol limit of less than 300 mg per day. Therefore, the clinical should not use or less fat meat and animal offal, such as heart, liver, kidney, brain, etc., because this kind of food are rich in high cholesterol. And eat more lean meat and fish and shrimp, this is a high protein low fat food.
Strict dietary control is a prerequisite for the treatment of diabetes and the most important part. Doctors in clinical practice found that patients often because of poor dietary control and drugs can not play the proper efficacy.
2. Eat small meals. Not only to ensure the supply of calories and nutrients, but also to avoid postprandial blood sugar peaks.
3. Carbohydrate foods should be eaten as prescribed, not less or more, and should be eaten evenly (carbohydrates refer to the sugar in grains, vegetables, milk, fruits, soy products, hard fruits).
4. There is no difference between eating sweet snacks and salty snacks, both of which cause blood sugar to rise.
5. Eat the same amount of "diabetic food" as you do of regular food. "Diabetic food" refers to the use of high dietary fiber grain, such as: buckwheat, oats. Although these foods take longer to digest and absorb, they eventually turn into glucose.
6. The so-called "sugar-free food" is essentially food without added sugar, and some foods are sweetened with sweeteners instead of sucrose, and still can't be eaten casually.
7. Vegetables with starch as the main ingredient should be counted in the amount of staple food. These vegetables are potatoes, white potatoes, lotus root, yams, rhododendrons, taro, lilies, water chestnuts, cecropia, etc..
8. Beans other than soybeans, such as red beans, mung beans, fava beans, kidney beans, peas, their main ingredient is also starch, so they should also be counted as the amount of staple food.
9. Eating side dishes should also be in moderation.
10. You can't fill your stomach with hard fruits such as peanuts, melon seeds, walnuts, almonds and pine nuts.
11. Eat more food containing dietary fiber.
12. Eat less salt.
13. Eat less cholesterol-containing foods.
14. About eating fruits. Patients with better blood sugar control can eat fruits with low sugar content, such as apples, pears, oranges, oranges, strawberries, etc., but the amount should not be too much. The time to eat fruit should be between meals when blood sugar is low. If you eat fruit after is equal to add meals, blood sugar will be immediately high. In addition, after eating watermelon, sugar absorption is very fast, so try not to eat. Bananas are high in starch and should be counted in the amount of staple food.
15. Sweeteners are not converted to glucose and do not affect blood sugar changes, and cannot be used as self-help food for hypoglycemia.
16. Diabetics should never restrict water.
Chinese medicine prescription
Formula 1
Sheng gypsum 30 grams, 10 grams of scutellaria baicalensis, 15 grams of dictyostelium and shengzhimu, 20 grams of asparagus, maitake, smallpox pollen, round-grained rice, and 8 grams of raw glycyrrhiza
Make and use: take with decoction of water, 1 dose per day.
Indications: diabetes mellitus, dry heat injury to the lungs
Formula 2
Shengdi, yam 20 grams each, Schisandra chinensis, maitake, Pueraria lobata 10 grams each, powdered clams, sea-flowering stone 12 grams each, pollen 15 grams, 5 grams of hen's insides
Make use of: decoction
Indications: diabetes mellitus, kidney yin deficiency and Yang hyperactivity
Formula 3
Recipe: daily 1 dose.
Adzuki beans 30 grams, 40 grams of Chinese yam. Pork pancreas 1
Make use of: water decoction, 1 dose per day, to the extent that the blood sugar is reduced.
Indications: diabetes mellitus
Formula 4
Watermelon seeds 50 grams, 30 grams of round-grained rice
Make use of: first, watermelon seeds and water pounded, water decoction slagging to take the juice, and then into the rice for porridge. Any consumption.
Indications: diabetes mellitus lung-heat and fluid injury
Formula 5
Watermelon rind, winter melon rind 15 grams each, smallpox pollen 12 grams
Make use of: decoction. 2 times a day, half a cup each time.
Indications: diabetes mellitus thirst, urinary turbidity
Formula 6
Raw leucaena root 60-90 g
Make use of: decoction with water. Drink it instead of tea, take 1 dose daily for 10 days.
Indications: diabetes mellitus
Formula 7
Yam, smallpox pollen, etc.
Make use of: decoction with water, 30 grams daily.
Indications: diabetes mellitus
Formula 8
San cuttlebone 60 grams
Make use of: powder, with boiled water, 6 grams each time, 3 times a day, until healed.
Indications: diabetes mellitus, excessive urination, thirst
Formula 9
Geod powder, smallpox pollen 30 grams each, 1 pig pancreas
Making and using: first, the pig pancreas slices of decoction, mixing the geoderma powder, smallpox pollen and swallowing, 1 dose per day, 3 times to be divided into doses.
Indications: diabetes mellitus with excessive drinking and eating
Formula 10
10 g each of motherwort, maitake, and ginseng, 30 g each of gypsum (decocted first), 12 g each of ginseng, and 18 g each of raw geoduck
Make use of: decocted with water
Indications: diabetes mellitus with injury to stomach flu
Formula 11
12 g each of raw geoduck, goji berry, tian dong, golden cherry blossom powder, and so on. 12 grams of asparagus, golden cherry, cuttlefish, saxifrage 10 grams each, cornelian cherry, Gorgon fruit 15 grams each, 30 grams of Chinese yam
Make use of: decoction
Indications: diabetes mellitus, kidney yin deficiency
Formulas 12
Sweet potato leaves 30 grams
Make use of: decoction
Indications: diabetes mellitus
Formula 13
Preparations: sweet potato leaf 30 grams
Identification: diabetes mellitus
Making and using:*** Ground into powder. Take 14 grams of water 3 times a day.
Indications: diabetes mellitus qi and yin deficiency
Formula 15
Huang jing, dan shen, sheng di, yuan ginseng, mai dong, kudzu root, smallpox pollen, huang shi, each appropriate amount
Make use of: decocted with water and take 1 dose daily.
Indications: diabetic nephropathy, liver and kidney qi and yin deficiency and siltation
Formula 16
Silkworm cocoon 50 grams
Make use of: branch off the silkworm pupa, decoction water. Drink tea, 1 dose daily.
Indications: diabetes mellitus thirst and drinking, urine sugar continues not to fall
Prescription 17
Pig pancreas 1
Make use of: low-temperature drying for the end, refining honey for pills. Take 15 grams with boiled water each time and take it frequently.
Indications: Diabetes mellitus
Formula 18
Tian dong, mai dong, ripened earth, red peony 15 grams each, scutellaria baicalensis, rhubarb (later) 10 grams each, rhizoma coptidis 6 grams, danpi 12 grams, yuan ginseng 30 grams, maize whiskers 60 grams
Make use of: decocted with water
Indications: Diabetes mellitus with blazing gastric heat
Formula 19
Indications: Diabetes mellitus with burning gastric heat
Formula 19 <
Yam 25 grams, Huanglian 10 grams
Make use of: water decoction
Indications: diabetes mellitus thirst, excessive urination, good hunger
Remedy 20
Lao Song tea 10 grams
Make use of: boiled water brewing. Drink as tea.
Indications: diabetes mellitus
Formula 21
15 grams of Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and Astragalus membranaceus, 10 grams of Fructus Morinda citrifolia, Radix Bupleurum officinale and Fructus schisandrae chinensis, 12 grams of Radix et Rhizoma Polygoni Multiflori, 12 grams of Rhizoma Polygoni Multiflori and Rhizoma Salviae, 6 grams of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephala, 3 grams of Rhizoma Cinnamomum Cassia
Formulation and usage: decocting with water
Indications: diabetes mellitus with deficiency of Yin and Yang
Formula 22
Atractylodes macrocephala 40-100 g, Citrus aurantium dulcis 15-20 g, Semen aristolochia sinensis, Trigonella foetida, Curcuma longa, Pueraria lobata 20-30 g, Sedum officinale 15 g, sizzling strychnine 2-3 g
System of Preparation: Decocted in water. For those with Qi deficiency, add Codonopsis pilosulae and Astragalus membranaceus; for those with Liver Depression, add Uljin and Inulae; for those with Premature Aging, add Chasteberry, Lycium barbarum and Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum.
Indications: diabetes mellitus
Formula 23
Fresh pig's pancreas 1, Coix lacryma 50 grams or astragalus 100 grams
Making and using: pig's pancreas rinsed with water, cut a few slices, and then with Coix lacryma a piece of a bowl, submerged with water. Stewed in an iron pot with water, add the right amount of salt and seasoning
Indications: diabetes
Formula 24
Fresh celery, green carrot 500 grams each, 1000 grams of winter melon, 120 grams of green beans, pear 2
Make use of: first, the celery and winter melon slightly boiled in water, with a white gauze wrapped in the juice, with the green beans, pears, green carrots*** boiled to serve.
Indications: diabetes mellitus
Formula 25
Snake bed seed, lotus seed beard, cornelian cherry, white fresh skin 10 grams each, Zhizi Ren, mulberry, sizzling astragalus, Chinese yam, silver vine 30 grams each, Poria cocos 15 grams, five times the seeds, the chicken inside the gold (powdered punch) 6 grams each,
Triple sevia powder 3 grams (punch)
Make use of: decoction of water to be taken
Indications: diabetes mellitus kidney yin deficiency
Formula 26
Dangshen 15 grams, danshen 30 grams, yuan ginseng, sasanqua 10 grams each, 12 grams of yuzhzhu, umeboshi 30
Make use of: decoction with water. Add smallpox pollen if thirst is great, and add stopping hawthorn for loose stools.
Indications: diabetes mellitus
Formula 27
Atractylodes macrocephala, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Radix Astragali 30 g each, Chinese yam, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, Radix et Rhizoma Shengdi, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Rhizoma Ophiopogonis, Schisandra chinensis, Semen Armeniacae, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, Poria 10 g each
Designed for use in decoction
Indications: diabetes mellitus, Qi and yin are injured and blood stagnation is accompanied
Formula 28
Dried amaranth 100 gramsMake use of: water decoction. 1 dose per day, usually take 1-2 weeks of urine sugar can turn negative.
Indications: diabetes mellitus
Formula 29
10 loach, 3 dried lotus leaves
Making use: the loach dried and powdered, and mixed with the lotus leaf powder. Take 10 grams each time, 3 times a day.
Diabetes is a common disease among middle-aged and elderly people, and poor control can lead to a number of complications. The treatment method is commonly used diet, exercise, medication, of which dietary therapy is the basis of all therapies. For mild diabetes, diet alone can control the condition.
The basic principle of diet therapy is to estimate the total amount of calories needed according to the patient's weight and activity level, and to rationally arrange the daily diet. The food that contains high sugar content is not eaten, the food that contains fat and starch is eaten less, and the food that is eaten is mainly vegetables and miscellaneous grains, with a certain amount of high-quality protein food, such as lean meat, milk, eggs, soybean products, etc. The food that is eaten is not eaten. The fruit contains sugar, so can you eat fruit?
Completely avoid fruit is not appropriate, because fruit contains a lot of vitamins, fiber and minerals, these are beneficial to diabetics. Fruit contains sugar glucose, fructose and sucrose, of which fructose in the metabolism does not require the participation of insulin, so the diabetic in the blood sugar has been controlled is not a blanket exclusion of fruit.
Moreover, the amount of sugar in the fruit varies, so it can not be equated. The amount of food per 100 grams of less than 10 grams of plums, watermelon, melon, coconut milk, oranges, lemons, grapes, peaches, plums, apricots, loquat, pineapple, strawberries, sugar cane, coconuts, cherries, olives and other diabetic patients can choose. Sugar content of 11-20 grams of fruit are bananas, pomegranates, grapefruit, oranges, apples, pears, lychees, mangoes, etc., you have to be careful with the choice; more than 20 grams of jujubes, red fruits, especially dried jujubes, jujubes, persimmons, raisins, dried apricots, cinnamon, etc., the sugar content of its very high, it is prohibited to eat.
Many vegetables can be eaten as fruit, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, vegetables and melons. Per 100 grams of food sugar content in 5 grams or less, and rich in vitamins, can completely replace the fruit, suitable for diabetics, can be promoted.
In addition to matching the amount of food, do not stay the same. Watermelon 4% sugar, pear 12% sugar, banana 20%. Watermelon sugar, but eat 500 grams, equivalent to 100 grams of bananas, pears 170 grams, so the amount of food should not be too much. Fruit eating method should also pay attention to, do not eat immediately after meals, can be between meals or go to bed to eat. It is best to eat on a trial basis, that is, 2 hours after eating to measure urine sugar. If the urine sugar increases then need to reduce the amount; such as fruit after reducing the amount of urine sugar is still high, should be appropriate to reduce the amount of staple food.
Diabetic dietary considerations:
1, diabetic patients' staple food is generally based on rice, noodles, but, coarse grains, such as oats, cereals, cornmeal, etc., there are more inorganic salts, vitamins, and rich in dietary fiber, dietary fiber has a hypoglycemic effect, which is beneficial to the control of blood glucose.
2, diabetic protein sources, soybean and its soybean products for the good, on the one hand, the amount of protein contained in the quality of good; on the other hand, it does not contain cholesterol, has the effect of lowering lipids, so it can be a substitute for part of the animal food, such as meat.
3, diabetic patients in the control of calories during the period, still feel hungry, you can eat vegetables containing less sugar, boiled in water with some condiments mixed with food. Because vegetables contain more dietary fiber, more water, low caloric energy, with satiety, is an essential food for diabetics.
4, prohibited foods are: white sugar, red ponds, glucose and sugar sweets, such as candy, pastries, jam, candied fruit, ice cream, sweet drinks. In addition, more carbohydrate-containing potatoes, yams, taro, lotus root, garlic scapes, carrots, etc. Use less or reduce the amount of the corresponding staple food after consumption.
5, rich in saturated fatty acids, lard, tallow, oil, cream, butter, etc., less use, the best not to use. Vegetable oil can be used to replace some of the animal oil, peanuts, walnuts, sesame seeds, melon seeds containing fat is also quite a lot, try not to eat or eat less or reduce oil intake.
6, egg yolks and animal offal such as liver, brain, waist and other cholesterol-containing quite high, should be minimized or not used.
7, fruits contain glucose, fructose, can make blood glucose, so in the blood, urine sugar control is relatively stable, fasting blood glucose <7.8mmol / L or 2 hours after the meal blood glucose <10mmol / L, can be eaten at two meals or before going to bed, but also to reduce the corresponding staple food.
8, alcohol, mainly containing alcohol, high thermogenesis, and other nutrients content is very little, so do not drink is appropriate.
9, diabetic diet in addition to controlling the total calories, should also do food diversity, but because of the restriction of sugar, salt, so that the dishes taste more single. In response to this, the market has produced a variety of sweeteners such as sweetened chrysanthemum, sweetened sugar, which does not produce heat, does not contain any nutrients, in the last two years, there is a sweetener for proteoglycan, which is composed of amino acids, but also does not produce heat, without any side effects, it is the more desirable sweeteners such as Nutria, Yuanzhen sugar.
10, for insulin-dependent patients, the same need for doctors and dietitians under the guidance of strict implementation of dietary control, obesity combined with hypertension, coronary heart disease diabetic patients, in addition to a more stringent dietary control, avoid eating animal offal, egg yolks, caviar, etc., strict control of animal oils such as butter, lard, tallow, etc., which saturated fatty acids are not conducive to the prevention of atherosclerosis.
11, for the combination of renal insufficiency of diabetes mellitus patients, in addition to controlling the total calorie, should pay attention to the condition of less salt, no salt or less sodium and protein intake, protein supply should not be too high, and avoid eating soy products, for uremia should be a low-protein diet, protein per day in 30 grams or so, staple food to wheat starch instead of rice, pasta, protein supply of preferred high-quality protein, such as milk, Eggs, lean meat and so on.