An important condition. Agaricus bisporus is saprophytic and cannot carry out photosynthesis. When batching,

In addition to adding a proper amount of farmyard manure (such as cattle, sheep,

Horse, pig, chicken and human feces, etc. ), and a proper amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulfur must be added.

Inorganic nutrients. Temperature: The growth temperature range of Agaricus bisporus mycelium is 4-32℃, and the optimum temperature is 0.

The temperature is 22-25 DEG C; The growth temperature range of fruiting body is 5-25℃, and the optimum temperature is 14-

18℃。 Humidity: the water content of culture material is about 60%, and the water content of covering soil is

16-20%。 The relative humidity of air is controlled between 60% and 70% in the mycelium growth stage, and the seeds are firm.

The relative humidity of the air in the growing period is 85-95%, and an excessively dry or humid environment is harmful to mycelium.

The growth is not good. Ph: The growing environment of Agaricus bisporus should be alkaline and acidic.

Mycelium and fruiting body are not conducive to growth, and it is easy to produce miscellaneous bacteria. Ph value of mycelium growth

The range is 5-8, and the best is 7-8. Before entering the shed, the ph value of the culture material should be adjusted to 7.5-8, showing soil particles.

The ph value should be between 8 and 8.5. After harvesting the first mushroom, spray lime water with a small amount of lime.

Used to maintain ph value and inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. Air: Agaricus bisporus is an aerobic truth

Bacteria, so have a good ventilation environment. Illumination: mycelium and fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus

It does not need illumination, and can grow under the condition of general scattered light, but it cannot be irradiated by strong light.

The fruiting body grows white and fat in the dark. If the light is too strong, the fruit will grow.

The body surface is hard and easy to deform, which leads to poor commodity value and great loss. Fresh Agaricus bisporus

Food is the best and should not be stored for a long time. When planted on a large scale, it can be canned and exported to earn foreign exchange. Large area development

Deep processing of Agaricus bisporus must be considered, otherwise the overstock and deterioration of products will cause damage.

Lost. Third, the preparation of cow dung. Dried cow dung is more suitable for planting Agaricus bisporus and cowshed.

During construction, there is a dung outlet on the back wall, and the place where dung is piled is the cement floor, facing

Tilt outward, dig ditches outside when cleaning the cowshed to separate cow dung from cow urine.

Feces pile up and cow urine flows to biogas digesters. After the cow dung is piled up and drained, it is pulled to the dung drying field in time to dry.

There is no special facility requirement for the dung drying field, so it can be ventilated to the sun. According to the venue

Size, wet cow dung spread out, thickness is appropriate, let it naturally dry into cow dung cake. Pay attention to drying

When drying, don't flip it at will. The more you flip it, the harder it is to dry. Even if it is dry, it is powdery.

And is inconvenient to store. After the cow dung is dried in the sun, if possible, it should be packed and stored in woven bags for later use.

Store indoors to prevent mildew. The drying method of cow dung can be adapted to local conditions.

Flexible use of different conditions and seasons. Four, cow dung and wheat straw planting Agaricus bisporus technology 1, construction

Mushroom shed. Agaricus bisporus shed does not need much space, and can be built in front of the house or behind the village.

The size of the shed depends on the site conditions. Generally, it is advisable to take the east-west direction as the shed direction, underground

Digging depth is 80- 100 cm, wall height is 100 cm, and 3-4 layers of mushroom beds are set up in the shed with wooden sticks or bamboo pieces.

Frame (spacing between each bedstead is 50 cm). There are three rows of mushroom beds, and the bed width on both sides is 100 cm.

M, the middle bed is 200 cm wide, and there are 50 cm wide walkways on both sides. Set up with bamboo pieces

The back of the scaffold is covered with plastic film, and the film is covered with wheat straw or corn straw to avoid direct sunlight. shed

There is a vent at one end of the room and a door at the other end, and an exhaust port is set every 3-3.5 meters above the two walkways.

Cave. This is not only conducive to heat preservation and moisture retention, but also flexible ventilation. Abandoned old factory building

It can also be transformed into a Agaricus bisporus shed, and the cost of transformation is generally 5000 yuan per mu. Such a mushroom shed

Strong and affordable, good thermal insulation and durable. If you have enough money, you can build a high-end one.

The elevated sheds in the spot are all made of bamboo, sealed with plastic film and covered with grass curtains. such

The cost of mushroom shed is about 10000 yuan per mu. This mushroom shed is characterized by land saving and good benefit.

Higher. 2. The ratio of culture medium formula to compost formula (1). Generally per 100 square meter.

Mushroom bed needs fresh dry wheat straw 1250- 1500 kg, dry cow dung 400-600 kg and calcium superphosphate.

50 kg of calcium, 0/5 kg of urea/kloc-,25 kg of gypsum powder and 25 kg of quicklime powder. (2) Reactor system

Yeast. Composting time is generally appropriate in early August. (1) Pre-stacking: firstly, beat the wheat straw with clear water.

Take it out after full soaking, and pile it into a pile with a width of 2-2.5 m, a height of 1.3- 1.5 m and unlimited length.

Large piles shall be pre-piled for 2-3 days. At the same time, appropriate amount of water is added to cow dung to adjust the humidity, and then it is crushed and piled up for later use.

(2) Stacking: firstly, spread a layer of material with a thickness of 15-20cm, a width of 1.8-2m and an unlimited length on the material yard.

Wheat straw, then sprinkle a layer of 3-4 cm thick cow dung, and then sprinkle it in proportion according to the above preparation.

Add phosphate fertilizer and urea, and stack them layer by layer to1.3-1.5m. But from the second floor, it should be medium.

Add water, and after each layer of wheat straw is paved, it should be practical. ③ Pile turning: generally, pile turning should be carried out 4.

Outside the switch position, the stack should be covered with grass curtains or plastic films to prevent the stack from being directly exposed to sunlight.

It is raining. ⑶ Fermentation standard. The whole composting process takes about 25 days. Fermentation should meet the following standards

Accurate: the water content of the culture material is controlled at 65-70% (the wheat straw is soaked by water drops when you hold it tightly.

Autumn), the appearance is dark brown, no dung odor and ammonia odor, and the wheat straw is flat, soft and easy to break.

Grass and manure are mixed evenly, loosely, finely and without caking. 3. sow seeds in the shed. Put the mushrooms in the shed first.

Spread a layer of 3 cm thick fresh wheat straw on the bed, and then spread the fermented culture material evenly on the mushrooms.

Bed material thickness 15-20cm. Then add 10g potassium permanganate per cubic meter of space.

20 ml aldehyde fumigation disinfection, 24 hours later, open the doors and windows for ventilation. When the material temperature drops to

Sowing can be carried out when the temperature is lower than 28℃, and a bottle of self-made strain is bottled in 500 ml per square meter.

Spread the strain evenly on the surface of the material, gently compact and flatten it, so that the strain sinks into the material for 2 cm.

Right is right. 4. Cover the soil after sowing. Close the doors and windows properly within 3 days after sowing to keep the air moist.

The temperature is about 80%, which promotes the germination of strains. Note that the temperature in the shed should not exceed 30℃, otherwise,

Proper ventilation and cooling should be carried out at night. After sowing 15 days or so, when the mycelium is basically filled with the material layer,

Cover the soil. Covering method: Choose moist soil with good water absorption, granular structure, many pores.

Non-stick dry soil is better, and about 2.5 cubic meters of soil is needed for each 100 square meter of mushroom bed.

Lime powder accounting for 1.5-2% of the total amount is mixed into the soil, and then the soil is wetted with 5% formaldehyde aqueous solution.

Thoroughly Manual non-stick, cover the soil when landing without caking and scattering, and cover the soil thickness.

2.5-3.5 cm. 5. Management after covering soil. After covering the soil, adjust the moisture to make the soil layer contain

The water quantity is kept at about 20%. After covering the soil, the space humidity should be kept at 80-90%, and the temperature should be at

13-20℃ (the best temperature is 15- 18℃). Spraying should be carried out according to the wet and dry conditions of the soil layer.

Moisture and strict control of temperature and humidity are the keys to high quality and high yield of Agaricus bisporus. 6, timely harvest.

When Agaricus bisporus grows to 2-4 cm in diameter, it should be harvested in time. If it is harvested, the quality will go bad.

Poor, and inhibit the growth of the next batch of small mushrooms. When picking, hold the mushroom cover with your fingers and turn it gently.

Under dynamic mining, cut off the mud root with a small knife, and pay attention to the smooth incision. After harvesting, in the cavity

Fill the soil in time, and spray 1% glucose and 200 times of sunflower for high yield or green once.

Wind 95 promotes the growth of small mushrooms and improves the yield and quality. Five, edible fungi preservation technology

Operation 1, cold storage. After finishing the collected fresh mushrooms, put them into baskets for multilayer use.

Cover with wet gauze or sacks. Put a jar in the shade, put a little water in the jar, and put wood on the water.

Shelf: put the basket full of fresh mushrooms on the wooden shelf, and then seal the jar mouth with film. 2. Hugh

After harvesting, sleep and keep fresh, and put it indoors at a temperature above 25℃ for 3-5 hours to make it breathe vigorously.

Suction, and then let it stand in the cold storage at about 0℃ for about 12 hours. Fresh keeping at about 20℃

The cycle is about 4 days. 3. Modified atmosphere preservation. The method is to manually control the temperature of the environment,

Humidity and gas composition, etc. , to achieve the purpose of preservation. 4. Simple modified atmosphere preservation. Fresh mushrooms, such as

Lentinus edodes and Agaricus bisporus are stored in gas containing 1-2% oxygen, 40% carbon dioxide and 58-59% nitrogen.

At 20℃, it can be stored in a bag for about 8 days. 5, "silicon window" bag to keep fresh. will

Silicone rubber is embedded into the bag wall of plastic packaging bag in proportion to form "silicon" with fresh-keeping effect.

Window "fresh-keeping bag. This kind of plastic bag can automatically adjust the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bag through the "silicon window"

Carbon ratio, so as to achieve the purpose of fresh storage of fresh mushrooms. 6. Radiation therapy. Can have

Effectively reduce the deterioration of fresh mushrooms and obtain good fresh-keeping effect. (1) Radiation Preservation of Pleurotus ostreatus

Irradiate Pleurotus ostreatus with 60co rays at a radiation dose of 500-65438+ 100000 rads, and store at 0℃.

The color, smell, texture and other commercial characteristics of fresh mushrooms kept good within 7- 10 days. ⑵ straw mushroom

Volvariella volvacea was packed with 60co radiation paper and plastic bags, and the radiation dose was 8-1.2000.

De, kept fresh at 14 ~ 16℃ for 2 ~ 3 days, the product performance is good. 7. Salt soaking treatment.

Soak fresh mushrooms in 0.6% salt water for about 10 minute, then drain the water and store them in plastic bags at 10-

Fresh mushrooms turn bright white after 4-6 hours at 25℃ and can be kept fresh for 3-5 days. 8, pyrosulfite

Sodium spray. Mushrooms can be stored at 15-20℃ when sprayed with 0. 15% sodium metabisulfite aqueous solution.

Leave for 5-8 days. 9, b9 save. Soak fresh mushrooms in 0.00 1-0. 1% vitamin island water solution.

10 min, and can be kept fresh for 5-8 days at 5-22℃.