Liver yang has the physiological functions of warmth, hair growth and smoothness. "Liver yang is always abundant", but it is not enough. Liver-yang deficiency can cause a series of related symptoms, involving multiple zang-fu organs. Treatment should be warming and nourishing liver yang, astringing liver yang with acid, soothing liver and softening liver, dispelling cold and relieving pain. Key words: liver yang; Liver yang deficiency; The classification number of liver yang is R223. 1 1. Document ID: DocumentNo. A:1673-7717 (2007)12-2585-02 Yin and Yang are the rules of everything. The five zang-organs and six fu-organs are also divided into yin and yang, the dirty organs are yin, the fu-organs are yang, and the liver is yin, which is the yang in yin. Yin and Yang are both opposed and restricted, transformed and utilized, and have the characteristics of balance of growth and decline. Only "Yin Pingyang is the secret" can "spirit be the rule". If there is yin deficiency, there is yang deficiency, but as far as the liver is concerned, for a long time, traditional Chinese medicine generally does not talk about liver yang deficiency, and the syndrome differentiation and treatment of liver deficiency mainly focuses on yin deficiency and blood deficiency, but briefly discusses yang deficiency. Some scholars even put forward the theory that "the liver has no yang deficiency syndrome". Jing Yue pointed out that "Yang is more than enough" and "Yin and Yang are two qi, which is the most unfavorable. If you are not partial, you will make peace, if you are partial, you will be born, if you are partial, you will be good, and if you kill, you will do things. Neijing says: "All diseases have deficiency and excess", and the liver is no exception. Liver yang deficiency is an objective existence and cannot be ignored. " 1. Zhu Danxi, the founder of the School of Nourishing Yin and Reducing Fire in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, put forward the theory that "Qi is full of fire". He believes that there is always a time when the human body has "more yang than yin". Therefore, later generations also have the saying that "the liver yang is always abundant and the yin is often insufficient". The liver is just dirty, irritable, hyperactive and disobedient. Also known as "the officer of the general". The liver dominates discouragement, sexual pleasure is rampant, but it is depressed and disgusting, internal fire is blazing, it is easy to move and difficult to calm down, and it actively dominates ascension. Therefore, the liver is a disease, which is prone to hyperactivity of yang and wind, showing as a pathology of excess heat. The ascending and descending movement of human qi is reflected in various functional activities of viscera and meridians. The influence of liver-qi on qi activity is mainly manifested in ascending and descending and dispersing qi. The liver of shaoyang should be the prescription of yang rising, following the order of spring rising, and its qi will rise, leading to the rise of human yang. Excessive ascending and discharging of liver qi is the most common pathological change of liver, and its clinical manifestations are hyperactivity of liver yang and hyperactivity of liver qi. Therefore, predecessors have said that "liver yang is often real." However, "hyperactivity of liver yang" does not mean that liver yang deficiency exists objectively without liver yang deficiency. The records of liver-yang deficiency in TCM literature are as follows. 1. 1 According to the theory of etiology and pathogenesis, "Suowengu Naive" says: "The husband's liver qi is failing, and his bones and muscles can't move." "Lingshu Tiannian" also said: "At the age of 50, liver qi began to decline, liver leaves began to thin, bile began to decrease, and the eyes began to be unclear." It shows that the rise and fall of liver qi is closely related to the strength of human life activities. "Jing Yue Quan Shu" said: "Anger hurts the liver, and sorrow for the liver and yang is the worst." 1.2 From the perspective of symptom theory, Lingshu Ben Shen said: "Deficiency of liver qi leads to fear, but in fact anger", and clearly pointed out that deficiency of liver qi can cause emotional abnormality. Han said in "Fahrenheit 22" Tibetan scripture book: "Liver deficiency and cold will cause hypochondriac pain, blindness and arm pain, fever will cause malaria, women will be short of breath if they don't think about diet, and their pulse will be left closed and heavy, while the weak will be." Yan Yong-He said in Ji Sheng Fang: "Liver deficiency leads to cold, cold and bitter leads to distension, sometimes it turns cold and hot, and the belly is full of food, which makes people unhappy, such as catching black flowers, unclear vision, bitter mouth and headache, unfavorable joints, muscle contraction and dry fingernails. "The Theory of Various Pathogens" points out: "If the liver qi is insufficient, the disease is unknown, the muscles are tight, the muscles are restrained, the claws are withered, and the face is sad and fearful. If someone is arrested, "In Ming Dynasty, Zhang Jingyue talked about the syndrome of deficiency of liver and yang in the book" On Yin Zhen Jing ":"Or people with colic can't tolerate tendons because of the deficiency of yang in the internal organs. "Qin Bowei, a famous doctor in modern times, said in Qian Zhai's medical lecture notes:" Slack, melancholy, timidity, headache, numbness, and tepid limbs are the symptoms of liver-yang deficiency. "Pufuzhou Medical Experience also clearly pointed out:" Deficiency of liver yang leads to muscle weakness, aversion to wind, fear, cold bladder, dampness and hunger. "1.3 From the therapeutic point of view, Neijing records that" the liver is bitter and anxious, and it is sweet when eaten urgently, and sweet when eaten slowly ",and" it is sweet when eaten urgently, pungent when eaten urgently, pungent when supplemented, and diarrhea when it is sour. " The source of medicine written by Zhang in Jin and Yuan Dynasties says: "Liver deficiency is supplemented by dried tangerine peel and ginger. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica pointed out: "Liver deficiency should be supplemented ... Gastrodia elata and Platycladus orientalis leaves should be used for invigorating qi ..." Sun Yikui said in Chishui Zhu Xuan: "Those with liver deficiency should be added with Liuwei Dihuang Pill for fear of being caught ...". Mr. Pu Fuzhou, a famous and old modern Chinese medicine practitioner, advocates that "people with hepatitis and yang deficiency can also use Fuzi Decoction and Shenqi Pill". 1.4 Judging from the prognosis, Chen Wuxuan's "Prescription for Three Causes of Cold Syndrome in Five Zang Organs" said: "Liver deficiency and cold syndrome is related to mother and son, but the multi-string is auspicious, but not tight, and the tongue is not tight, so the pulse in the part is tight as a rope. "This article infers the prognosis of liver-yang deficiency from the pulse condition. 2. Physiological function of liver yang The liver governs storing blood and activating qi. The liver binds tendons in the body, and its flowers are in the claws; For the purpose of knowing; Angry at ambition; Tears in liquid; It is related to the gallbladder. In the medical field, the substances and functions with promoting, warming and exciting functions belong to Yang. Yang-qi is the embodiment and motive force of viscera function. Therefore, liver yang refers to a substance in the liver that has the functions of promoting, warming and exciting, and its physiological functions can be summarized as follows. 2. 1 Warm liver is just dirty and internal fire spreads. Fire is the driving force of life activities, and people can't live without firing. " Wuchang University of Political Science said: "When it happened, it was called Chen Kaiwu, the earth was sparse, the sky was full, the yang was harmonious, the yin followed, the life was pure, and everything was proud. "Yuanyang supplements the whole body, which can warm the fur and make the eyes clear; The twelve meridians's qi and blood can be encouraged to be applied to the whole body. Deficiency of liver yang can not nourish the whole body with qi and blood yuan yang, resulting in loss of temperature in eyes and loss of nourishment of fur; Internal pathogenic cold is endogenous, and the whole body function declines. Clinically, there may be symptoms such as blurred vision, decreased vision, wrong skin nail, cold limbs, decreased libido, impotence, infertility, thin or late pulse and so on. 2.2 liters of liver leads to ascending, and it is active. In spring, it guides the operation of liver qi and drives the whole body to ascend qi, which can enlighten the qi of various dirty organs, adjust the ascending and descending activities, and promote Yang Qi to smooth the qi. " Zhang Yitong says: "When the liver produces qi, the five internal organs will be surrounded by exuberant qi, but when qi is blocked, the five internal organs will remain. "Liver-yang hyperactivity, assisting the heart to control the spirit, assisting the lung to descend, nourishing the spleen and stomach, and helping the kidney to flourish. When the liver is full of yang, and the hair rises smoothly, it will "Yang Shu tonify yin and balance the five elements". Abnormal rise of liver qi is generally manifested as pathological changes of stagnation of liver qi and excessive rise of liver qi, which affects the function of zang-fu organs and the operation and distribution of essence, qi, blood and body fluid. There will be symptoms such as bitter taste, anorexia, depression, shortness of breath, burnout, lack of effort, visceral prolapse, fever and fullness, abdominal distension and loose stool, soreness of waist and knees, and weak pulse. If the hair rises too much, there will be dizziness, spasm, convulsion, impatience and irritability, insomnia and headache, red eyes and hypochondriac pain, vomiting blood, nosebleed and other symptoms. 2.3. It means that the liver likes to stretch, but it hates depression. " Shennong's "Materia Medica Classics: The Theory of Tonifying and Diarrhea of the Five Organs" said: "The fu organs are full of elements, and the image of wood is also used by the soul (liver). "The five elements of the liver belong to wood, which is good at regulating qi and benefiting qi and blood. Normal liver yang is an ability to smooth the liver, maintaining a gentle, comfortable and uplifting image, neither depressed nor excited. Insufficient liver yang makes the liver slippery and weak, leading to qi stagnation and stagnation of liver qi. " "Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Liver Qi, Liver Fire and Liver Wind" says: "Liver qi rises and disperses, but it is not depressed, and depression is against qi, which is manifested as depression, bloating, vomiting, anger, hypochondriac pain, chest fullness, diarrhea and hernia. "3. Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of hyperactivity of liver-yang syndrome 3. 1 The basic pathogenesis of hyperactivity of liver-yang syndrome is characterized by deficiency of essence and excess of essence. There are many reasons for liver yang deficiency. From ancient times to the present, the reasons for the deficiency of liver yang are: (1) old and weak, and liver yang gradually declines. Su Wen's On Ancient Naivety said: "My husband's liver qi failed in 1978, and his bones and muscles could not move"; (2) The human body is weak in healthy qi, weak in anti-evil, and middle in cold evil. That is, the so-called ||||| Abstract in Neijing: Liver-yang has the physiological functions of warming, rising hair and smoothing, and "liver-yang is always flourishing", but it also has some shortcomings. Liver-yang deficiency can cause a series of related symptoms, involving multiple zang-fu organs. Treatment should be warming and nourishing liver yang, astringing liver yang with acid, soothing liver and softening liver, dispelling cold and relieving pain. Key words: liver yang; Liver yang deficiency; The classification number of liver yang is R223. 1 1. Document ID: DocumentNo. A:1673-7717 (2007)12-2585-02 Yin and Yang are the rules of everything. The five zang-organs and six fu-organs are also divided into yin and yang, the dirty organs are yin, the fu-organs are yang, and the liver is yin, which is the yang in yin. Yin and Yang are both opposed and restricted, transformed and utilized, and have the characteristics of balance of growth and decline. Only "Yin Pingyang is the secret" can "spirit be the rule". If there is yin deficiency, there is yang deficiency, but as far as the liver is concerned, for a long time, traditional Chinese medicine generally does not talk about liver yang deficiency, and the syndrome differentiation and treatment of liver deficiency mainly focuses on yin deficiency and blood deficiency, but briefly discusses yang deficiency. Some scholars even put forward the theory that "the liver has no yang deficiency syndrome". Jing Yue pointed out that "Yang is more than enough" and "Yin and Yang are two qi, which is the most unfavorable. If you are not partial, you will make peace, if you are partial, you will be born, if you are partial, you will be good, and if you kill, you will do things. Neijing says: "All diseases have deficiency and excess", and the liver is no exception. Liver-yang deficiency is an objective existence and cannot be ignored. "1. Zhu Danxi, the founder of the school of nourishing yin and reducing fire in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, put forward the theory that" qi is full of fire ". He believes that there is always a time when the human body has "more yang than yin". Therefore, later generations also have the saying that "the liver yang is always abundant and the yin is often insufficient". The liver is just dirty, irritable, hyperactive and disobedient. Also known as "the officer of the general". The liver dominates discouragement, sexual pleasure is rampant, but it is depressed and disgusting, internal fire is blazing, it is easy to move and difficult to calm down, and it actively dominates ascension. Therefore, the liver is a disease, which is prone to hyperactivity of yang and wind, showing as a pathology of excess heat. The ascending and descending movement of human qi is reflected in various functional activities of viscera and meridians. The influence of liver-qi on qi activity is mainly manifested in ascending and descending and dispersing qi. The liver of shaoyang should be the prescription of yang rising, following the order of spring rising, and its qi will rise, leading to the rise of human yang. Excessive ascending and discharging of liver qi is the most common pathological change of liver, and its clinical manifestations are hyperactivity of liver yang and hyperactivity of liver qi. Therefore, predecessors have said that "liver yang is often real." However, "hyperactivity of liver yang" does not mean that liver yang deficiency exists objectively without liver yang deficiency. The records of liver-yang deficiency in TCM literature are as follows. 1. 1 According to the theory of etiology and pathogenesis, Suo Wen Gu Naive said: "The husband's liver qi is failing, and his bones and muscles can't move. "Lingshu Tiannian" also said: "At the age of 50, the liver qi began to decline, the liver leaves began to thin, the bile began to decrease, and the eyes began to be unclear. "It shows that the rise and fall of liver qi is closely related to the strength of human life activities." "Jing Yue Quan Shu" said: "Anger hurts the liver, and sorrow for the liver and yang is the worst." 1.2 From the perspective of symptom theory, Lingshu Ben Shen said: "Deficiency of liver qi leads to fear, but in fact anger", and clearly pointed out that deficiency of liver qi can cause emotional abnormality. Han said in the Tibetan Classics at 22 degrees Fahrenheit: "Liver deficiency and cold will cause hypochondriac pain, blindness and arm pain, fever will cause malaria, women will be short of breath if they don't think about diet, their pulse will be left closed and heavy, and they will be weak." He said in Jisheng Fang: "Liver deficiency is cold, cold and bitter are swollen, sometimes cold and hot, and food accumulates in the abdomen, which makes people unhappy, such as catching black flowers, blurred vision, bitter mouth and headache, unfavorable joints, muscle contraction and dry fingernails. "The Theory of Various Pathogens" points out: "If the liver qi is insufficient, the disease is unknown, the muscles are tight, the muscles are restrained, the claws are withered, and the face is sad and fearful. If people are caught. " In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Jingyue talked about the syndrome of deficiency of liver and yang in the book On Yin Zhen Jing: "Or people suffering from colic can't tolerate tendons because of the deficiency of yang in the five internal organs." Qin Bowei, a famous doctor in modern times, said in Qian Zhai's medical lecture notes: "Slack, melancholy, timidity, headache, numbness and tepid limbs are the syndromes of liver-yang deficiency." "Pufuzhou Medical Experience" also clearly pointed out: "Deficiency of liver yang leads to muscle weakness, aversion to wind, fear, cold bladder, dampness and hunger." 1.3 From the perspective of therapeutics, Neijing records that "the liver is bitter and anxious, and it is sweet when it is eaten urgently, and sweet when it is slow", and "it is sweet when it is eaten urgently, pungent when it is eaten urgently, pungent when it is replenished, and diarrhea when it is sour". "The Source of Medicine" written by Zhang Jinyuan says: "Liver deficiency is supplemented by dried tangerine peel and ginger." Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica pointed out: "Liver deficiency should be supplemented ... and qi should be supplemented by Gastrodia elata and Platycladus orientalis ..." Sun Yikui said in Zhu Xuan, Chishui: "Those with liver deficiency should be added with Liuwei Dihuang Pill ...". Wang Qing and Xu Gao have the method of nourishing liver yang, using cinnamon, Sichuan pepper and cistanche deserticola as medicine. Mr. Pu Fuzhou, a famous old Chinese medicine practitioner in modern times, advocated that "people with hepatitis and yang deficiency can also use Fuzi Decoction and Shenqi Pill". 1.4 Judging from the prognosis, Chen Wuxuan's "Prescription for Three Causes of Cold Syndrome in Five Zang Organs" said: "Liver deficiency and cold syndrome is related to mother and son, but multi-string is auspicious, but not tight, and tongue curl is unfavorable, so the pulse in the part is tight as a rope." This paper infers the prognosis of liver-yang deficiency from pulse condition. 2. Physiological function of liver yang The liver governs storing blood and activating qi. The liver binds tendons in the body, and its flowers are in the claws; For the purpose of knowing; Angry at ambition; Tears in liquid; It is related to the gallbladder. In the medical field, the substances and functions with promoting, warming and exciting functions belong to Yang. Yang-qi is the embodiment and motive force of viscera function. Therefore, liver yang refers to a substance in the liver that has the functions of promoting, warming and exciting, and its physiological functions can be summarized as follows. 2. 1 Warm liver is just dirty and internal fire spreads. Fire is the motive force of life activities, and people can't live without firing. Su Wen of Wuchang University of Political Science said: "When it happens, it means that Chen Kaiwu, the earth is sparse, the sky is full, the yang is harmonious, the yin follows, the life is pure, and everything is proud." Yuanyang fills the whole body, which can warm the fur outside and make the eyes bright; The twelve meridians's qi and blood can be encouraged to be applied to the whole body. Deficiency of liver yang can not nourish the whole body with qi and blood yuan yang, resulting in loss of temperature in eyes and loss of nourishment of fur; Internal pathogenic cold is endogenous, and the whole body function declines. Clinically, there may be symptoms such as blurred vision, decreased vision, wrong skin nail, cold limbs, decreased libido, impotence, infertility, thin or late pulse and so on. 2.2 Ascending the liver leads to ascending, which is active. In spring, it guides the movement of liver qi and drives the whole body to ascend qi, which can enlighten the qi of various dirty organs, regulate the ascending and descending activities, and promote Yang Qi to regulate qi. Zhang Yitong says: "When the liver produces qi, the five internal organs will be surrounded by exuberant qi, but when qi is blocked, the five internal organs will remain." Liver yang hyperactivity, assisting the heart to control the spirit, assisting the lung to descend, nourishing the spleen and stomach, and helping the kidney to flourish. When the liver is full of yang, and the hair rises smoothly, it will "Yang Shu tonify yin and balance the five elements". Abnormal rise of liver qi is generally manifested as pathological changes of stagnation of liver qi and excessive rise of liver qi, which affects the function of zang-fu organs and the operation and distribution of essence, qi, blood and body fluid. There will be symptoms such as bitter taste, anorexia, depression, shortness of breath, burnout, lack of effort, visceral prolapse, fever and fullness, abdominal distension and loose stool, soreness of waist and knees, and weak pulse. If the hair rises too much, there will be dizziness, spasm, convulsion, impatience and irritability, insomnia and headache, red eyes and hypochondriac pain, vomiting blood, nosebleed and other symptoms. 2.3. It means that the liver likes stretching, but hates depression. "Shen Nong's Materia Medica: A Theory of Supplementing and Descending the Suffering of the Five Organs" said: "Fu Su is full of articles, and the image of wood is also the soul (liver). "The five elements of the liver belong to wood, which is good at regulating qi and benefiting qi and blood. Normal liver yang is an ability to smooth the liver, maintaining a gentle, comfortable and uplifting image, neither depressed nor excited. Insufficient liver yang makes the liver slippery and weak, leading to qi stagnation and stagnation of liver qi. " "Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Liver Qi, Liver Fire and Liver Wind" says: "Liver qi rises and disperses, but it is not depressed, and depression is against qi, which is manifested as depression, bloating, vomiting, anger, hypochondriac pain, chest fullness, diarrhea and hernia. "3. Etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of hyperactivity of liver-yang syndrome 3. 1 The basic pathogenesis of hyperactivity of liver-yang syndrome is characterized by deficiency of essence and excess of essence. There are many reasons for liver yang deficiency. From ancient times to the present, the reasons for the deficiency of liver yang are: (1) old and weak, and liver yang gradually declines. Su Wen's On Ancient Naivety said: "My husband's liver qi failed in 1978, and his bones and muscles could not move"; (2) The human body is weak in healthy qi, weak in anti-evil, and middle in cold evil. That is, the so-called |||| in Neijing is that "healthy qi exists inside, and evil cannot be done", and so is "the accumulation of evil will lead to loss of qi"; (3) Too much emotion hurts liver yang. The seven emotions belong to the five internal organs. However, it is most closely related to the liver. If the seven emotions are excessive, the liver will be out of balance and the liver yang will be damaged. (4) involving viscera. Kidney-yang is the foundation of Yang Qi, while deficiency of kidney-yang leads to deficiency of liver-yang, and the relationship between kidney and liver is mother-child, maternal disease and child disease. (5) Excessive cutting will damage liver yang. Long-term use of bitter cold, heat-clearing, detoxification and dampness-promoting products will damage spleen and kidney yang, and dampness will turn from cold to cold, resulting in stagnation of cold and dampness in the liver, and yang deficiency cannot be resolved by itself, resulting in deficiency of liver yang. 3.2 Clinical manifestations The clinical manifestations of liver-yang deficiency syndrome are complicated, involving multiple viscera tissues, and most of them have symptoms of deficiency and cold. The head is the meeting of all yang, the liver opens its eyes, and the ears get warm from the liver clearing yang. Deficiency of liver yang can not clear the eyes, which can cause dizziness, tinnitus and deafness. Liver living under hypochondriac rib, liver meridian running in less abdomen, liver yang deficiency and insufficient warmth can cause hypochondriac pain and abdominal pain; Liver yang can be warm, and the two meridians of chong and ren are missing, which causes irregular menstruation, infertility and dysmenorrhea. Liver meridian dredging yin, liver yang deficiency, and low temperature of the lower yuan can cause hernia and impotence; The transportation and transformation of spleen also depends on the warmth of liver yang and the smoothness of liver qi. Deficiency of liver yang will affect spleen soil, leading to epigastric pain, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, even anemia and edema. 4. Treatment of Liver-yang Deficiency The treatment legislation of Yin-yang Deficiency Syndrome has been discussed in Neijing for a long time: "The deficiency of form should be treated with air temperature", "the cold should be treated with hot temperature", "the tired should be treated with hot temperature" and "the damaged should be treated with hot temperature", but this is only the general treatment of Yin-yang Deficiency Syndrome, not only for liver-yang deficiency syndrome. Yang et al. supported the viewpoint that "tonifying the liver with pungent taste" means nourishing the liver, and "purging with sour taste" means nourishing the liver. Looking at the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of liver yang deficiency, its treatment should be: warming and nourishing liver yang, astringing liver yang with acid, soothing liver and softening liver, dispelling cold and relieving pain. Prescriptions for treating hyperactivity of liver yang are: Wuzhuyu Decoction, Danggui Sini Decoction, Guizhi Decoction, Wu Mei Decoction, Fuzi Decoction, Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction, Taitai Secret Medicine Tiaogan Powder, Sheng Hui Fanggan Yam Powder, Fanggan Asarum Powder, Fangfeng Powder, Poria Powder, Areca nut Powder, Ziziphus Spinosae Seed Powder and Shengji Powder. 5. Conclusion Liver-yang deficiency syndrome exists objectively in clinic. In recent years, the research on the syndrome of liver yang deficiency has become increasingly active, and the syndrome of liver yang deficiency has become an important part of the theoretical research of liver system. We should pay attention to the research on the physiological function and characteristics of liver yang deficiency syndrome, and improve the prevention and treatment level of liver disease and its related diseases and syndromes. Starting with the deficiency of liver-yang is the way to treat related intractable diseases in the future. Liver yang is often divided into deficiency and excess.