First, ingredients;
Main ingredients: cottonseed hull (or leftover of agricultural products such as corn cob, corn stalk, peanut hull, soybean stalk, rice straw (chaff) sawdust) can be used as cultivation raw materials. Choose one or a mixture of several. Dosage: 85-90%. Accessories: wheat bran: 10- 15% (or rice bran); Quicklime: 1-3% (used more at high temperature and less at low temperature); Gypsum powder:1%; Ke Meiling: 0.1%; Calcium superphosphate 2%; Water: 140- 180%.
2. Fermentation: spread the main ingredients and add water, while adding water and stirring. It is best for people to step on the ingredients to absorb water as soon as possible; After adding enough water for about 2 hours, hold the material with your hands until water drops drop on your fingers, and sprinkle lime powder on the surface of the material and stir evenly; In spring and early autumn, the temperature is high and the climate is dry, so we should add more water. Less water in late autumn and early winter. Mixing Kemeiling, gypsum powder, wheat bran and phosphate fertilizer, and then adding a proper amount of water; Then evenly spread on the main ingredients, stir for 2-3 times, and stir as evenly as possible.
Then pile the materials into a long pile with the length and width of 1.2- 1.5m respectively, and the length is not limited. Note: When stacking materials, handle them with care.
It is forbidden to hit the material surface, so as not to affect the ventilation of the material pile. A wooden stick with a diameter of 10- 15 cm can be used to increase the air permeability in the pile. After stacking, the surface of the material should be covered with straw first, and then covered with plastic film, and the film should not be pressed too tightly. Generally, after 30-40 hours, the temperature of the pile can be raised to about 60 degrees, so that it can continue to ferment, and the pile can be turned over for the first time after 24 hours. Piling should be done at noon, and the action should be quick and light. The original pile should be turned upside down and turned inside to make the material heated evenly as far as possible; According to the shape of the first pile, cover grass and plastic film in turn. About 8- 10 hour, the material temperature rises to 60 degrees again, and the pile is turned over for the second time at noon the next day; Once a day, * * * 3-4 times.
Fermented culture materials should be brown, with obvious fragrance, and should not have sour, smelly and other peculiar smells; There are sometimes white spots on the surface of the material, but there must be no long hair or yellow-green mildew spots. Spread the fermented culture material, cool it to below 30 degrees, and bag it.
Thirdly, bagging and sowing.
Cut a plastic tube with a flat width of 25-26cm into 50-52cm, and tie one end tightly. First put a layer of strain, fill in about 10cm, then put another layer of strain, and then fill in three layers of material and four layers of strain. There are more strains at both ends and less strains in the middle two layers, which are placed along the bag wall; When loading, it should be compacted with the loading: tight at both ends, tight around and loose in the middle. After tying, tie 8- 10 small holes at each layer of strains with small nails for ventilation, and then transport them to the culture room to lay eggs.
Fourth, bacteria
The culture room and surrounding environment should be kept clean. Before the bacteria bags enter the site, the walls and floors should be scrubbed with 5% lime water. After air drying, fumigate with aerosol disinfectant (2g/m2) or formaldehyde (5-10ml/m2) and dichlorvos to kill insects.
When the temperature is above 28 degrees, put the bacteria bag alone; If the temperature is lower than 28 degrees, it can be stacked horizontally, with 2-5 heights depending on the temperature. After three days of fruiting, the temperature of the fungus bag should be checked 3-5 times a day, and the surface temperature of the fungus bag should be kept below 28 degrees. Once it is exceeded, it is necessary to turn over the pile in time, open the doors and windows for ventilation, and reduce the number of stacked layers. The high temperature of the materials in the bag is the main reason for the failure of fungus growth! Generally, hyphae can fully grow in the whole bag in 25-35 days, and then transfer to mushroom production management.
Fifth, mushrooms.
After 3-5 days, artificially increase the temperature difference between day and night in the mushroom house to increase the humidity of the mushroom house. After 5- 10 days, dense black spots appeared on the surface of some bags, which were the primordia of Pleurotus ostreatus. At this time, it is necessary to increase the ventilation of the mushroom house and maintain the relative humidity of about 85% to promote the dissemination of the original substrate as soon as possible; Cut 2-3 holes in the bag head with a blade in time to facilitate the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus from the holes. With the continuous growth of Pleurotus ostreatus, the ventilation and humidity of the mushroom room are gradually increased, and spraying less, more and more frequently; Try not to spray water on the young mushrooms.