1, preoperative preparation

In addition to routine preoperative preparation, colon surgery must also do intestinal preparation, including ① bowel cleaning: eat less or no residue diet two days before operation; Take laxatives 1-2 days before operation, and take them a few days in advance if there is constipation or incomplete intestinal obstruction; According to the difficulty of defecation, clean enema can be carried out one or several days before operation. ② Intestinal disinfection: kill pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, especially common anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides fragilis and gram-negative aerobic bacteria. The former is mainly metronidazole, and the latter can be sulfonamides, neomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, etc. Adequate intestinal preparation can reduce intraoperative pollution and infection, which is conducive to healing. At present, some hospitals at home and abroad adopt the method of total intestinal lavage for intestinal preparation. The method is to drip or orally take a special irrigation solution (containing a certain concentration of electrolyte and intestinal disinfectant to maintain a certain osmotic pressure), the dosage is 4-8 liters, and squat on the defecation device. Can achieve the purpose of cleaning intestinal tract and disinfection at the same time. 2, surgical methods

(1) Right hemicolectomy is suitable for cecal cancer, ascending colon cancer and hepatic carcinoma of colon. Excision range: ileum terminal 15-20 cm, right half of cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, mesentery and lymph nodes. Most of the lymph nodes in the transverse colon and the right gastroepiploic artery group still need to be removed for liver cancer. After resection, the colon is anastomosed end-to-end or end-to-side (colon closure).

(2) Left hemicolectomy is suitable for carcinoma of descending colon and splenic flexure of colon. Scope of resection: left hemitransverse colon, descending colon, part or all of sigmoid colon and its mesentery and lymph nodes. End-to-end anastomosis after resection of colon or colon and rectum.

(3) Transverse colectomy is suitable for transverse colon cancer. Scope of resection: transverse colon and its hepatic curvature and splenic curvature. After resection, end-to-end anastomosis of ascending and descending colon was performed. If the anastomotic tension is too high, right hemicolectomy can be added for ileocolic anastomosis.

(4) Radical operation of sigmoid colon cancer

According to the specific site of the tumor, besides sigmoidectomy, colectomy or partial rectal resection should be performed. Colon-colon or colorectal anastomosis.