(1) enema method: A certain amount of liquid is poured into the colon from the anus through the rectum to help patients expel feces and accumulated gas, or drugs or nutrition are supplied from the intestine to achieve the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. 1, a large number of enema purposes (1) defecation and exhaust to relieve constipation and flatulence. ⑵ Clean intestines to prepare for intestinal examination, operation or maternal delivery. (3) Reduce poisoning, dilute and remove harmful substances in the intestine. (4) cooling down and pouring low-temperature solution to cool down patients with high fever. Material preparation (1) An enema tube (rubber tube is about 120cm in length, glass tube is connected, and enema is filled in the tube) is prepared in the treatment tray, and a disposable enema bag, lubricant, cotton swab, curved tray, toilet paper, rubber sheet, treatment towel and water temperature meter can also be used for vascular forceps (or adjustment switch). (2) bedpan, bedpan towel, infusion stand, water temperature meter and screen. Commonly used 0.1~ 0.2% soap solution and normal saline. The dosage for adults is 500 ~1000 ml each time, and the enema solution for children is 200 ~ (3): 500ml. The temperature of the solution is generally 39 ~ 41℃, and 28 ~ 32℃ is used for cooling. Heatstroke patients use 4℃ physiological saline. (4) Assist the patient to take the left lateral position, bend his knees, take off his pants to his knees, move his hips to the edge of the bed, put a rubber sheet and a treatment towel under his hips, and bend the plate to place his hips. Patients who can't control their own defecation can take the supine position, put a bedpan under their buttocks, cover the quilt and expose only their buttocks. 5] Hang the enema tube (or bag) on the infusion stand, adjust the pressure, (the liquid level in the tube is about 40 ~ 60 cm higher than the anus) connect the anal canal, and lubricate the front section of the anal canal. Although the air inside is exhausted, the pipe is clamped. [6] Put the toilet paper on the left hand to separate the buttock fissure, exposing the anal orifice, and instruct the patient to take a deep breath. Hold the anal canal with the right hand and gently insert it into the rectum for 7 ~10 cm. Fix the anal canal and open the pipe clamp, so that the solution can flow in slowly. Once pay attention to observe the liquid level drop in the cylinder and the patient's reaction. If the patient feels abdominal distension or defecation, ask him to open his mouth and take a deep breath to relax abdominal muscles, and at the same time lower the height of enema tube to slow down the flow rate or pause for a moment. If the liquid level drops too slowly or stops, the anal canal can be moved or squeezed because the orifice at the front end of the anal canal is blocked by feces. If the patient has rapid pulse, pale face, cold sweat, severe abdominal pain, palpitation and shortness of breath, he should stop enema immediately, contact the doctor and deal with it in time. ⑻ When the enema is about to run out, clamp the tube, wrap the anal canal with toilet paper, gently pull it out and put it in a curved plate, and wipe the anus. ⑼ Assist the patient to take a comfortable lying position, and instruct him to keep it for 5 ~10 minutes before defecation. ⑽ For those who can't get out of bed, give bedpans, put toilet paper and pagers in accessible places, and help those who can get out of bed to defecate in the toilet. ⑾ Take out the bedpan in time after defecation, wipe the anus, help the patient to wear pants, make the bed unit, and open the window for ventilation. ⑿ Observe the characteristics of feces, and take samples for inspection when necessary. [13] Clean things, wash your hands, and record the enema results in the stool column of the temperature sheet. For example, defecation once after enema is 1/E, and no defecation after enema is recorded as 0/e. 2, a small amount of enema is suitable for abdominal or pelvic surgery and critically ill patients, the elderly, children, pregnant women and so on. Objective (1) to soften feces, relieve constipation (2) to expel intestinal pneumatosis and reduce abdominal distension. Prepare enema and common solution according to the doctor's advice; "1, 3" 2. Solution (30ml of 50% magnesium sulfate, 60ml of glycerol and 90ml of warm water): 50ml of glycerol or liquid paraffin and the same amount of warm water; Various vegetable oils120 ~180ml. The solution temperature is 38℃. 3. Clean enema (1) Objective: To thoroughly remove the feces stranded in the colon. It is often used for rectal and colon examination and intestinal preparation before operation. (2) Use: same amount of enema without reservation. (3) Methods: Clean enema means repeated large-scale enema without reservation. Soap water is used for the first time, then normal saline is used until the discharged liquid is clean and there is no fecal block. Pay attention to the low pressure during enema, and the height of liquid level from anus should not exceed 40cm. 4, retention enema will be poured into the rectum or colon, through intestinal mucosal absorption to achieve the purpose of treatment. Commonly used for sedation, hypnosis and treatment of intestinal inflammation. Material preparation (1) same as small amount of enema without reservation. ⑵ Common solution: The drug and dosage should be prepared according to the doctor's advice, the solution amount should not exceed 200ml, and the temperature should be 39 ~ 41℃. ① Chloral hydrate with 10% for sedation and hypnosis; ② berberine with 2%, neomycin with 0.5 ~1%or other antibiotic solutions for the treatment of intestinal infection. Operation method (3) Assist the patient to take different lying positions according to the condition. The lesion of chronic bacillary dysentery is mostly in rectum or sigmoid colon, and the left lying position should be taken. Amoebic dysentery was taken in the right lateral position (the lesion was mostly in the ileocecum), and the buttocks were raised 10cm. 5] Insert the anal canal10 ~15 cm gently with a small amount of enema, and slowly inject the liquid medicine. 5] After the liquid medicine is injected, pull out the anal canal, gently massage the anus with toilet paper, and ask the patient to be patient as much as possible, and keep the medicine above 1 hour.

---------------.

I hope my answer will help you, welcome to ask! Thank you for your adoption! O(∩_∩)o Haha

"My heart moves with you, and I travel around the world." My heart moves with you to solve your troubles!