There are two manifestations of malnutrition, namely malnutrition and overnutrition. Common malnutrition diseases include protein-energy malnutrition, iron deficiency anemia, iodine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, rickets, beriberi and scurvy. Excessive intake of nutrients will cause overnutrition diseases, such as high calorie, high fat and high protein, especially excessive intake of animal fat, which will cause overnutrition diseases, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and diabetes. In addition, excessive intake of vitamins A and D can cause vitamin A and D poisoning. China residents are facing the dual challenges of micronutrients (such as iron, calcium, vitamin B2 and vitamin A) deficiency and energy surplus.