Dandelion (Latin scientific name: dandelion? Hands. -Maz. ) in compositae, dandelion is a perennial herb. The root is conical, the surface is brown and shriveled, the leaf margin sometimes has wavy teeth or pinnately parted, the base gradually narrows into a petiole, the petiole and main vein are often reddish purple, the upper part of the scape is purple, and it is densely covered with spider filiform white villous; Head, involucre bell-shaped, achene dark brown, long crown hair white, flowering and fruiting period from April to 10.

Dandelion is also known as yellow flower Xiaoding, mother-in-law, flower flower lang and so on. Perennial herbs of Compositae. A flower head with white crown hairs on its seeds, which floats to a new place with the wind after flowering and breeds new life.

Second, the morphological characteristics

1, perennial herb. The root is slightly conical, curved, 4 ~ 10 cm long, with brown shriveled surface and brown or yellow-white hairs on the root head.

2. The leaves are obovate-lanceolate, obovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, with a length of 4-20cm and a width of 65438 0-5cm. The apex is blunt or sharp, the edge is sometimes wavy or pinnately parted, and sometimes it is pinnately parted or pinnately parted. There are large lobes at the top, triangular or triangular-halberd-shaped, whole or dentate, with 3-5 lobes on each side.

3. Scapes 1 to several, equal to or slightly longer than leaves, high 10 ~ 25 cm, purple in the upper part, densely covered with white villous spider silk; The head is about 30-40mm in diameter; Involucre bell-shaped, long 12 ~ 14 mm, light green; The involucral bracts have 2-3 layers, and the outer involucral bracts are ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate with a length of 8 8- 10/0mm and a width of1-2mm. The membranous edge is wide, the base is light green, the upper part is purplish red, and the top is thickened or has a small to medium angle protrusion. The inner involucral bract is linear-lanceolate, with a length of 10- 16 mm, a width of 2-3 mm, a purplish red tip and a small angular protrusion; The tongue-shaped flower is yellow, with a tongue length of about 8 mm and a width of 1.5 mm. There are purple stripes on the back of the marginal tongue, and the anthers and stigma are dark green.

4. Achenes are obovate-lanceolate, dark brown, about 4 ~ 5 mm long and 1 ~ 1.5 mm wide, with small spines on the upper part and rows of small tumors on the lower part, and the top gradually shrinks to a conical to cylindrical beak base, with a beak length of 6 ~ 10 mm and slender; The crown hair is white and about 6 mm long. The flowering period is April-September, and the fruiting period is May-65438+1October. [ 1]?

Third, the growth environment

Widely distributed in hillside grasslands, roadsides, fields and river beaches in middle and low altitude areas. [ 1]?

Four. distribute

China Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Shandong, Zhejiang, northern Fujian, Taiwan Province, Hunan, northern Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. North Korea, Mongolia and Russia are also distributed.

Five, the main value (nutrition)

Raw dandelion is rich in vitamin A, vitamin C and potassium, and also contains iron, calcium, vitamin B2, vitamin B 1, magnesium, vitamin B6, folic acid and copper. The content of specific elements is mainly water. Every 60g dandelion leaf contains 86% water, protein 1.6g, carbohydrate 5.3g, and the heat is about108.8kj. ..

Dandelion plants contain many healthy nutrients, such as dandelion alcohol, dandelion, choline, organic acids and inulin. Sweet, slightly bitter, cold. Entering the liver and stomach meridians. It has diuretic, laxative, jaundice and cholagogic effects. Can be used for treating toxic heat, carbuncle, sore, carbuncle, conjunctival congestion, damp-heat, jaundice, dysuria, furuncle, furuncle, toothache, conjunctival congestion, sore throat, lung carbuncle and intestinal carbuncle. Can be used for treating acute mastitis, lymphadenitis, scrofula, furuncle, acute conjunctivitis, common cold and fever, acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, gastritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, and urinary tract infection. Dandelion can be eaten raw, fried and made into soup. It is a plant with homology of medicine and food.

reference data

Baidu encyclopedia:/item/dandelion/17854 # viewpagecontent