Most of them hunt for food at night and dive into water or caves during the day. After artificial feeding, you can also eat it during the day and eat some plant concentrated solution. Pond fish has strong adaptability, can grow in small water body and low dissolved oxygen environment, has few diseases, wide feed sources, is easy to breed, and has low cost, and is suitable for cultivation and popularization in small water surface of farm courtyards.
Pond fish is a wild fish, which lives in the downstream of rivers, fields, potholes and ditches. They mainly live in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and potholes, mostly in coastal areas, hiding in grass, rocks or deep water during the day and foraging frequently at night. After autumn, living in deep-water activated sludge overwinters, and the degree of food intake is also weakened. Carnivorous fish mainly prey on small fish, such as rice strips, crucian carp, goby fish, ear fish, carp, loach and so on. And eat shrimp and aquatic insects. Mainly swallowing, the role of teeth is mainly to prevent food from escaping.
habitat
It's Nocturnal Animals, hiding quietly in the pit at the bottom of the river or under the roots during the day. Large species with a big appetite, such as the Danube catfish, attack small waterfowl or mice and fierce fish at the bottom. Afraid of light, I like to live in crevices, deep pits, earth caves or caves at the bottom of tree roots, and slow flowing water near rivers.
In the still water of reservoirs, ponds, lakes and ponds, most of them lie under dark water or under pieces of water hyacinths, water peanuts and water hyacinths.
In spring, we start to move and eat. Don't eat after winter, stay in deep water or caves for the winter, and generally don't swim if there is nothing to invade.
Silurus meridionalis has small eyes and weak vision. It lies in the daytime and goes out at night. It hunts by its sense of smell and two pairs of antennae, and it is very greedy. The hotter the weather, the greater its appetite, and it is active on cloudy days and at night.
Sexual maturity is early, usually one year old. The spawning period is from April to June along the Yangtze River, and the farther south, the earlier and the farther north, the later. When laying eggs, they chase in groups. Similar to Darwin's frog, male catfish hatch young catfish by putting eggs laid by female catfish in their mouths. The difference is that male catfish can't eat during this period. Young fish feed on zooplankton and molluscs, among which aquatic insects's larvae and shrimps are delicious.
Greedy is easy to grow, and about 500 grams of young fish will swallow a lot of crucian carp and carp. Suitable for living in water with water temperature of 20 ~ 25℃. Generally, the body surface is scaly, sticky, with a flat head and a big mouth, and four whiskers on the upper and lower jaws, so you should be able to distinguish the taste.
Silurus meridionalis belongs to benthic fishes. After eating during the day, it likes to gather at the bottom of the pool, in caves and in the shade, and move around for food at night. Because of long-term dwelling in the bottom cave environment, vision is degraded, external food, stimulation, enemy injury and other feelings. Mainly rely on four pairs of well-developed mouth whiskers and well-developed lateral line system and olfactory sac around the mouth. At the same time, Silurus meridionalis has dendritic auxiliary respiratory organs, which can directly utilize oxygen in the air, so it has strong hypoxia tolerance. As long as the skin stays moist, it won't die if you leave water for a long time.
Silurus meridionalis has strong migratory ability. It uses strong spines to support its body to crawl on land and cross many obstacles to move from one water body to another, looking for a new living environment. Silurus meridionalis is a tropical and subtropical fish with poor low temperature tolerance. When the water temperature drops to 8 ~ 10℃, it will cause frostbite and water mold infection; When it drops below 7℃, it begins to die. Therefore, the water temperature of Silurus meridionalis during artificial overwintering should be kept at least above 65438 03℃. Silurus meridionalis can still live normally in water with dissolved oxygen of 0.8 mg/L (1.7mg/L for general fish) and in acidic environment with pH value of 4.8 (above 5.6 for general fish). Even in foul water, if it lives in harsh environment for a long time, its growth will be inhibited or many fish diseases will occur.
Growth characteristics
Catfish with beards are greedy and often lurk in the dark at the bottom of the pool after eating. Therefore, it has fast growth, high yield and short production cycle. In the south of China, it can be raised for 2 ~ 3 seasons every year, and ponds can also be raised. After 4 ~ 5 months, fry can generally grow to 0.5 kg, the largest individual can reach more than 2 kg, and the yield per mu can reach 5000 kg. The overwintering fish species last year can generally grow to 1 kg, and the largest individual can reach more than 4 kg.
Food positioning
Silurus meridionalis is an omnivorous fish, which mainly feeds on animals. Its daily food intake is 5-8% of its own weight, and its maximum food intake can reach more than 15%. Overfeeding will lead to death from overeating. Silurus meridionalis has strong hunger tolerance. When overwintering artificially, fingerlings or parent fish will not die if they are not fed for 4-5 months. When the water temperature rises above 15℃, they start to eat normally, and when the water temperature is 20-35℃, they will eat vigorously. Generally, May-September is the peak period of feeding, when the growth rate is the fastest. In natural waters, fry mainly feed on rotifers, Daphnia, octopus, cladocera and copepods. 4 ~ 7 days after feeding, nutrition is completely obtained by predation. The palatable object changes from small to large, and mainly preys on larger cladocera. When cladocera is insufficient, it also eats organic debris, aquatic insects, worms and so on in the water. The adult stage mainly preys on worms, aquatic insects, benthos, small fish and shrimp, animal carcasses, organic debris and tender stems and leaves of plants. In the case of artificial feeding, animal feed can be fed, such as blood, viscera, fish meal, silkworm chrysalis, snail, earthworm, fly maggot, etc. You can also feed rice bran, peanut cake, wheat bran, bean cake, corn flour and other plant feeds.
egg
The eggs of catfish with long beard are poisonous. Eating by mistake can lead to vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspnea and even paralysis in severe cases.