In terms of cultivation methods and growth environment, ginseng can be divided into three types: wild ginseng, shifting ginseng and garden ginseng. Wild ginseng is also known as wild ginseng and wild ginseng. As the name implies, it is naturally grown in Shan Ye, not artificially cultivated ginseng. Jilin province is the hometown of ginseng. Wild ginseng in China mainly grows in Changbai Mountain in Jilin Province and the large and small Xing 'an Mountains in Heilongjiang Province, with the largest number in Changbai Mountain forest area and highly concentrated in Fusong County and Ji 'an City. Wild ginseng in Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province, is famous for its rich tonic, rich ginseng flavor and pure quality, and has a high reputation in the world. The growth cycle of wild ginseng is very long. According to historical records, the life span of ginseng is about 400 years. Its growth rate is extremely slow, generally speaking, it takes 20 ~ 30 years to grow to15 ~16 grams, and the shortest seed germination takes 20 ~ 22 months. Coupled with natural growth, the lack of necessary management, so things are rare, which is favored by people, and the price is extremely high, and some even "priceless." Fusong County, Jilin Province, known as the hometown of ginseng, is rich in wild ginseng resources.
Transplanting young wild ginseng in the field and then artificially cultivating and growing, or transplanting young garden ginseng planted artificially in Shan Ye and letting it grow naturally, this kind of ginseng is collectively called Yishan ginseng.
Ginseng grown by artificial cultivation is called garden ginseng, also known as seedling body. It takes 6-8 years for cultivated ginseng to be harvested. During September ~1October every year, the whole underground rhizome of domestic ginseng, which has grown for more than 6 years, is excavated to prevent the fibrous roots and branch roots from being broken, and the soil is washed and the stems and leaves are removed, thus obtaining the "Garden Ginseng Shuizi". Fructus Gardeniae must be processed before it can be used as medicine. It is a drop in the bucket to simply collect wild ginseng that grows naturally and has a very small number, which is far from solving the increase in the demand for ginseng in society. Therefore, the cultivation of garden ginseng is the inevitable development of history. Nowadays, due to the sharp increase in demand for ginseng at home and abroad and the continuous development of cultivation technology, the cultivation area of ginseng has also expanded year by year, and the yield and quality have been greatly improved. Garden ginseng has become the main source of commercial ginseng for people's medical care.
The difference between natural environment and growth conditions leads to the difference between wild ginseng, moved ginseng and garden ginseng. Of course, ginseng is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine. There are only quantitative differences in the effective components, but there is no qualitative difference. According to the analysis, the effective components of wild ginseng are 40 ~ 50 times higher than those of garden ginseng. It can be seen that ginseng is the most precious, followed by moving ginseng, and garden ginseng is once again. Garden ginseng is most suitable for family tonic because of its large output and relatively cheap price.
Commercial ginseng is usually named after its place of origin. Physicians throughout the ages highly praised the use of authentic medicinal materials. The so-called "authentic medicinal materials" are the summary of countless clinical practices of ancient physicians. They found that the medicinal materials grown in some areas have excellent quality and excellent efficacy, which are far from being compared and replaced by the same kind of medicinal materials in other areas. As time goes by, doctors write Jilin ginseng by its place of origin when prescribing drugs. Why is it that the ginseng of the same family belongs to the same species, but Jilin ginseng is better? With the development of modern science and the improvement of detection methods, some mysteries of "authentic medicinal materials" have been revealed. In addition to the specific environment and climate of the place of origin, the content of trace elements in the soil directly affects the quality of medicinal materials. Because the distribution and content of trace elements on the earth's surface are uneven, there is a great gap between one place and another. Therefore, due to different places of origin, the trace elements contained in medicinal materials are also very different, which makes "authentic medicinal materials" have special effects. China is the hometown of ginseng, and ginseng mainly produced in northeast China is more famous and unique.
The famous ginseng producing areas in China are Jilin and Liaoning provinces, so there is a difference between Liaoshen and Jilin ginseng. The better varieties are as follows:
Jilin Ginseng: Jilin Province is the main producing area of ginseng in China, and it is second to none in the world. The annual output accounts for about 80% of the total national ginseng production and 50% of the total world ginseng production. 1984 The output of ginseng in Jilin Province was 1000 tons, and jumped to 15535 tons in 1989. Thousands of tons of ginseng are sold from here at home and abroad every year to meet the needs of people's medical care. Fusong County, Jilin Province is the county with the largest number of domestic ginseng in China, and its quality ranks first in Jilin. The annual output of Fusong ginseng accounts for about 60% of Jilin Province. Ginseng has been cultivated artificially here for about 300 years. Fusong's natural conditions are very beneficial to the cultivation of ginseng. The cool, moist and fertile humus soil layer and scattered sunlight in Changbai Mountain forest provide unique conditions for the growth of ginseng. Fusong is known as the "hometown of ginseng", while Ji 'an is known as the "hometown of ginseng".
Radix Codonopsis in Kuandian: Radix Codonopsis in China is known as the "crown of garden ginseng". This kind of Radix Codonopsis has long body length, old skin, deep lines, pearl pimples and whiskers, and its shape is similar to that of wild ginseng. It has strong medicinal properties and medicinal value like that of wild ginseng, so experts call it "Saishan Ginseng". Zhu Shen's hometown is Shizhuzi Village, Xialuhe Township, Kuandian County, Dandong City, Liaoning Province, hence the name Zhu Shen. Radix Codonopsis is not only of high medicinal value, but also a valuable medicinal material for export in China.
Korean ginseng: also known as Korean ginseng, there are differences between Baekje ginseng and Silla ginseng. Because its main root is straight and single, and there are few forks, it is also called another direct reference. Korean ginseng and ginseng in northeast China belong to the same species in the same family, but the origin is different. Korean ginseng is native to the deep mountains and valleys in northern Korea. Commercial medicinal materials can be divided into two categories: artificial cultivation and wild, and there are differences between Korean red ginseng and Korean white ginseng. Because the output of Korean wild ginseng is scarce and in short supply, cultivated ginseng is mostly used to replace it now, and most of Korean ginseng on the market is cultivated artificially. According to textual research, the history of artificial cultivation of ginseng in North Korea is as long as a thousand years, but there is no record of current cultivation methods since16th century.
Toyo ginseng: Ginseng produced in Japan, which is customarily called Toyo ginseng, is rare in the wild and mainly cultivated. Due to different processing methods, there are also two kinds of oriental red ginseng and oriental white ginseng.
Among various commercial ginseng, Jilin ginseng has the best quality, which is better than Korean ginseng. However, the traditional habit has always been mistaken that Korean ginseng is superior to domestic ginseng. According to scientific identification, the main components of ginseng in China, such as ginsenoside, amino acid and volatile oil, are higher than those of Korean ginseng, but only starch is slightly lower. Due to the low starch content of China ginseng, the processed ginseng looks dry and the appearance quality is not as full as Korean ginseng. Therefore, it not only gives people the impression that the quality of domestic ginseng is lower than that of Korean ginseng, but also can't sell well in the international market. The price difference between the two is very wide. However, there is no doubt that domestic ginseng surpasses Korean ginseng in terms of internal quality. Therefore, if we choose to participate in health care, we should not stick to stereotypes.
Processing and processing refer to the different processing processes of medicinal materials before they are used as drugs. The purpose of processing is to increase the curative effect of drugs, reduce or eliminate their toxicity, or facilitate storage. The collected fresh ginseng must go through complicated processing before it can become all kinds of commercial ginseng and be used as medicine. The processing technology of ginseng in China has a long history, and red ginseng was first developed in China. According to historical records, when the Qing Taizu Nurhachi called Khan in Xingjing and established the Qing Dynasty, a large part of his financial source was ginseng income. Before he established the post-Jin regime, Privet privet people often went to the deep forest to dig up ginseng, and took it to Fushun Horse Market to exchange goods with Ming Dynasty merchants. In order to prevent the collected ginseng from rotting and deteriorating, Nurhachi was ingenious and invented the method of steaming fresh ginseng and drying it in the sun for preservation, which is called red ginseng today. This method has continued to spread to this day. In fact, the history of ginseng processing and processing technology in China may be much earlier than the Qing Dynasty, and can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty at the earliest. It is said that in the Tang Dynasty, Jian Zhen and monks crossed to Japan and brought with them ginseng processed in some way. Since then, imitation processing has been carried out abroad.
The quality and curative effect of ginseng are closely related to the processing methods. The collected fresh ginseng should not only keep the shape of ginseng intact, but also be sealed with wet utensils before being taken out for processing. If it is not properly preserved, it will become thin and pulpless, commonly known as "walking pulp." No matter how high the processing skill is, the pulped ginseng can't be plump, which directly affects the appearance quality of ginseng.
There are various processing methods of ginseng, such as direct steaming and drying, and adding by-products The ginseng products made from this have different shapes and colors, and their names are also different, and their pharmacological functions are correspondingly emphasized. Therefore, mastering some knowledge in this field is of great benefit to the rational selection of ginseng.
Due to different processing methods, ginseng can be roughly divided into four categories: red ginseng, sugar ginseng, sun-dried ginseng and others.
Red ginseng: cut off the branches and fibrous roots of fresh ginseng, wash them clean, and steam them twice in a steamer until the roots turn yellow and the skin is translucent. After being taken out, it is dried or dried in the sun to become red ginseng. After drying, the red ginseng is ruddy in color, brown in color and fragrant in smell. Commonly used commodities are red ginseng, ginseng and so on.
Sugar ginseng: Wash fresh ginseng, soak it in boiling water for 3 ~ 7 minutes, then soak it in cold water for 10 minutes, take it out and dry it, and smoke it with sulfur. Then, a special needle is used to pierce countless small holes along the equal or vertical direction of the ginseng, and then it is soaked in concentrated sugar water (100 ml of water 135 g of sugar) for 24 hours. Take it out and expose it to the sun for one day, then wet the towel, wrap the sun-dried ginseng to soften it, make a second puncture, and then immerse it in concentrated sugar water for 24 hours. Taking out, washing away floating sugar, drying in the sun or baking to obtain the sugar ginseng. Commonly used commodities are white ginseng (processed products of garden ginseng water seeds or Yishan ginseng water seeds) and so on.
Sun-dried ginseng: fresh ginseng is washed, dried in the sun for one day, then smoked with sulfur and dried. Commonly used commodities include sun-dried ginseng, dried ginseng, and sun-dried ginseng.
Other categories: the processing method of this category is different from the first three categories. The commonly used commodities are: ① Pinpi Ginseng: its processing method is similar to that of sugar ginseng. First, soak fresh ginseng in boiling water for 1 time, and soak it in the lower part of ginseng for a little longer, so as to become pink, and remove the rough skin. Then, smash the whole body of ginseng, tie it into many holes, soak it in sugar solution for one night, take it out the next day, and when it is about to dry, remove the sugar from the epidermis, pinch it into many small pits by hand, and once it is dried, it will become small grains. Another method is to bake the ginseng fished out of the syrup with low fire to separate the skin from the inside, and then gently tie the skin with a bamboo knife to make it point-shaped. ② vigorously ginseng: soak fresh ginseng in boiling water for a while, then take it out and dry it in the sun or oven.
Korean ginseng
Origin: It is the same variety as domestic ginseng, and it is named because it is produced in North Korea and South Korea. Most of the products on the market now are Korean ginseng. When digging, it is usually necessary to choose ginseng strips that are more than 6 years old, full of water and long. Korean ginseng is also divided into red ginseng and white ginseng according to different preparation methods.
Ginseng Rubra: Steam it with high-temperature steam for 2 hours until it is fully cooked, remove the ginseng whiskers after drying, and then press it into irregular square columns. Efficacy: Warming.
White ginseng: Choose short and inferior Korean ginseng, boil it in boiling water for a while, and then dry it. Efficacy: mild in nature.
Efficacy of ginseng
As early as more than two thousand years ago, people gradually discovered that ginseng has the effects of invigorating vitality, calming the body and improving intelligence, invigorating qi and promoting fluid production, tonifying deficiency and strengthening the body resistance, and prolonging life, and is known as "the medicine for invigorating qi". Modern medicine has also proved that ginseng can not only nourish and strengthen the body, but also has curative effects on cancer prevention, anti-aging, treatment of stomach and liver diseases, diabetes and so on, so ginseng has been favored by people more and more in recent years.
Ginseng, whether decocted alone, soaked in wine, made soup or stewed meat, has a good function of invigorating qi and blood. At the same time, taking ginseng should also be selected according to one's own physical condition and the performance of ginseng, so as to give full play to the tonic effect of ginseng and achieve the purpose of tonifying the body. The following are the problems that should be paid attention to when taking ginseng in combination:
A fire should not be mended. Traditional Chinese medicine has always had the principle of "tonifying deficiency, but actually purging it". Anyone with high fever, irritability, dry stool and yellow urine should not use ginseng as tonic.
Children taking ginseng and ginseng supplements can cause precocious puberty, which is not conducive to growth and development, so attention should also be paid.
Do not take it before going to bed. Ginseng has an exciting effect on the cerebral cortex, and taking ginseng before going to bed can easily lead to insomnia and fullness. Chinese medicine believes that it is best to take ginseng on an empty stomach in the morning, and then have breakfast after a little exercise, which is beneficial to absorption and will not stagnate.
Don't forget to avoid eating. Since ancient times, people have participated in the saying that radishes should not be taken together. In addition, the components in tea and coffee can react chemically with some components in drugs, resulting in precipitation, which reduces the efficacy. Therefore, when taking ginseng, you should be careful not to take it with radish, strong tea and coffee.
The types of ginseng are different due to different classification methods.
Botanically, there are two kinds of ginseng: one is the root of Araliaceae; One is the root of American ginseng, a plant of Araliaceae.
In terms of processing science and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng can be divided into:
Sun-dried ginseng: that is, the roots of Araliaceae ginseng are dried, moistened and sliced. Modern times are mostly made of artificially cultivated ginseng.
Ginseng Rubra: It is made from the roots of Araliaceae Ginseng by steaming, moistening and slicing. It is called Ginseng Rubra because of its red color. Modern times are also made from artificially cultivated ginseng.
Wild ginseng: it is the root of wild Araliaceae ginseng.
American ginseng: It is the root of Araliaceae American ginseng, which is mainly produced in the United States, Canada, France, etc., also known as American ginseng.
According to the origin of ginseng, ginseng can be divided into Jilin ginseng, Korean ginseng (also known as Korean ginseng) and American ginseng.
At present, all kinds of classification methods are in use, which causes great trouble to the general public, but the most commonly used classification method is still classified according to the processing science and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. Namely: sun-dried ginseng, red ginseng, wild ginseng and American ginseng.
Third, the efficacy of various ginseng
It is not enough to know the types of ginseng. If you want to benefit from ginseng, you must also know the efficacy of various ginseng, and then choose the appropriate ginseng to replenish your body according to your own specific situation. Let's take a look at the different effects of various ginseng.
Sun-dried ginseng: sweet, slightly bitter, flat in nature, has the effects of invigorating vitality, restoring pulse, strengthening spleen and lung, promoting fluid production and calming the nerves.
Red ginseng: sweet, slightly bitter, warm in nature, has the effects of invigorating vitality, restoring pulse, strengthening qi and absorbing blood.
Wild ginseng: sweet, slightly bitter, flat in nature, similar in efficacy to red ginseng, but with the greatest strength, the smallest yield and expensive price.
American ginseng: sweet, slightly bitter, cool in nature, effective in invigorating qi and nourishing yin, clearing fire and promoting fluid production.
It can be seen that different kinds of ginseng have different effects. When choosing ginseng, you need to choose different ginseng according to your own needs. For example, people with strong qi and blood and heavy phlegm fire should not eat ginseng, because ginseng has a strong function of invigorating qi and blood. Let's discuss who should eat ginseng, what to eat and how to eat ginseng.
Who should eat what ginseng?
As the old saying goes, medicine has three poisons, so you should be careful when using any medicine, and ginseng is no exception. Ginseng is a tonic, and it mainly supplements qi. Therefore, the applicable population using ginseng is mainly those with symptoms of qi deficiency. For example, pale face, weak body, panting easily, etc. Another example is that anemia patients often have qi deficiency syndrome, so such patients can also eat ginseng. If you are a normal person without diseases, you can also eat some ginseng in order to nourish your body and prevent diseases, but you can't overdo it, and you should choose different ginseng according to your physical condition.
Generally speaking, people who are old, weak and weak can eat some red ginseng or wild ginseng appropriately. If economic conditions do not allow them to eat wild ginseng, they can also eat some sun-dried ginseng.
Women who are physically weak after childbirth can eat some red ginseng.
Ordinary people can eat some sun-dried ginseng for tonic, but don't eat too much.
For patients with massive hemorrhage, it is best to eat wild ginseng, followed by red ginseng and sun-dried ginseng.
Summer tonic, you can choose American ginseng.
If people with hot constitution want to eat ginseng, it is best to choose American ginseng or sun-dried ginseng.
People who are not suitable for eating ginseng include: patients with hypertension; A person with a bad temper and a red face; Fever should not eat red ginseng and wild ginseng; People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold should not eat American ginseng.
As for the way to eat ginseng, it can be flexible and changeable. Traditionally, it is often used to stew chicken soup with ginseng, or it can be sliced and soaked in water for drinking. You can also use ginseng to cook. For patients with severe blood disease, ginseng is usually used alone, named Dushen Decoction.
Ginseng tonic leads to sweet spring in the body.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the loss of body fluid will directly affect the balance of yin and yang. If the body is tired for a long time, the lost body fluid will not be replenished in time, which will affect the health of the body. In summer, the natural environment is hot, which is easy to consume body fluids. If there is less body fluids, you will feel thirsty. At the same time, "hot eating gas", a lot of sweating will make the gas lose, so I feel mentally tired, weak and sleepy all day.
Flowers will wither if they are not moistened, and their bodies will dry up if they are not maintained. Taking a proper amount of American ginseng in time is like digging a sweet spring in the body, which can regulate the function of the human body anytime and anywhere and ensure the normal operation of the human body.
Modern pharmacological research has proved that American ginseng is cool and sweet, which can not only tonify qi and nourish yin, but also clear fire and produce fluid, and has considerable curative effect on body fluid deficiency, thirst and dry tongue. Long-term use can refresh the mind, promote fluid production to quench thirst, regulate balance, and improve the immune function of the body. It is indeed a good choice for tonic and physical fitness.
The effect of ginseng tonic is outstanding.
Besides the daily health care function, American ginseng has been proved to be effective in treating hypertension, myocardial malnutrition, coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. It is especially suitable for chest tightness, palpitation and upset caused by heart disease. At the same time, American ginseng can also reduce the adverse reactions caused by "chemotherapy" or "radiotherapy" in treating cancer, and is often used as an adjuvant in treating various cancers.
American ginseng has many pharmacological activities, such as:
The tonic has the functions of resisting fatigue and strengthening the body.
Tonic formulae has the function of supplementing human needs and improving the immune function.
Anti-stress ability has the functions of anti-hypoxia, high temperature and cold resistance.
Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have anti-myocardial ischemia and anti-shock effects, and can significantly reduce blood lipids.
Others have antidiuretic, sedative and hemostatic effects.
American ginseng experts say American ginseng is mainly produced in the southern part of Canada and the northern part of the United States in North America, and it is distributed in mountain forests at about 30-40 degrees north latitude and 67- 125 degrees west longitude.
dangshen
Also known as Taiwan Codonopsis, Lu Codonopsis, Shangdang Ginseng and Lionhead Ginseng, it is mainly produced in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and Northeast China. Efficacy: this taste is sweet and flat; Has the effects of invigorating spleen and lung, benefiting qi and promoting fluid production; It can be used for treating spleen and stomach weakness, anorexia, loose stool's syndrome, limb weakness, lung deficiency, asthma and cough, shortness of breath and spontaneous sweating, and deficiency of both qi and blood. Modern research shows that Codonopsis pilosula can enhance the body's stress ability, improve immunity, and has the functions of delaying aging, anti-ulcer and anti-tumor assistance. The daily dosage is 6-15g.
Caution: excess syndrome and heat syndrome should not be used, and excess syndrome should not be taken alone.
Usage: Generally, slice first and then stew, decoct, cook soup, boil paste, cook porridge with juice, and powder to make cakes and cakes.
[Use taboos]
1.Taking ginseng and its preparation in conventional dosage for a short period of time is safe, with occasional slight anxiety and excitement. If you take it for a long time, you will feel uncomfortable, such as insomnia, depression, headache, palpitation, elevated blood pressure, sexual dysfunction and weight loss. It has been reported abroad that 133 cases took ginseng and its preparations, and after two years, diarrhea, rash, insomnia, nervousness, hypertension, euphoria or depression occurred respectively, and sexual function was also affected. 2. There are many reports of adverse reactions caused by taking ginseng and its preparations too much for a short time or at one time. If 200 ml of 3% ginseng tincture is taken orally, dizziness and fever will occur, and 500 ml will cause death; Shock caused by injection of 4 ml of ginseng injection due to fatigue; After taking Korean Red Ginseng 10 g for one time, headache, irritability and convulsion occurred 4 hours later; Dizziness, blurred vision, hand trembling, and dryness and heat occurred after taking red ginseng15g once; Vomiting, convulsion, unconsciousness, incontinence, fever, and unequal pupils of both sides occurred within one day after taking 80 grams of ginseng rubra, which was diagnosed as cerebral hemorrhage and later died of acute left heart failure; Three newborns took 0.3 ~ 0.6 grams of ginseng decoction on the day of birth, resulting in 1 case of death and 2 cases of poisoning. Excessive dosage is harmful to nervous system, cardiovascular system, digestive system and water and electrolyte metabolism. Most of the reported cases are self-conscious fatigue and weakness, and they are eager to replenish vital qi, resulting in damage to the body and even death. Ginseng is used in clinic to tonify the body, and it must not be used too much for quick success. 3. Improper use of ginseng is suitable for people with physical weakness, and regular dosage can really correct the state of weakness. However, long-term use can cause corticosteroid poisoning-like damage.