The ancient summaries of "Reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "A clever woman can't cook without rice" illustrate the importance of "accumulation" in writing from both positive and negative aspects. "Usually rely on accumulation, the examination room depends on play", which is the same experience of the students in the examination room.
(A) language to establish a "vocabulary". Vocabulary is the cell of an article. Vocabulary in a broad sense refers not only to the collection of words and phrases, but also to sentences and sentence groups. There are two ways to establish "vocabulary": the first is reading. Usually, you should read books, newspapers and periodicals extensively, take reading notes, extract some beautiful words, sentences and paragraphs from a specific notebook, or make reading cards. The second is life. At ordinary times, we should capture the fresh language in the common spoken language and write it down in a small notebook or card that we carry with us. Over time, we can say it chapter by chapter and write it beautifully.
(2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials. Materials are the flesh and blood of the article. Because many students usually don't pay attention to accumulating materials, they are worried every time they write a composition, or edit or copy it. The solution to this problem is to accumulate materials. Usually, you can take a video camera and tape recorder with you, observe life deeply, actively participate in life, and record your experiences in family life, campus life and social life in time in the form of sketching, keeping a diary and writing observation notes. When recording, we should grasp the details and the characteristics of people, things, things and scenery. The article written in this way is flesh and blood.
(3) We should strengthen ideological accumulation. Opinion is the soul of an article. The center of the article is not clear, or the thought is not profound, which often shows that the author's thought is superficial. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank". There are two ways: first, be thoughtful. "One more miss, one more gain." Think deeply at ordinary times and ask "why", "what" and "how" when something happens. So you can see the essence through the phenomenon. It is also necessary to record the "sparks" of thinking and the conclusions of thinking at any time. The second is compilation, that is, extracting famous sayings and aphorisms.
In short, the composition should be accumulated, and the three writing warehouses of vocabulary, material and thought should be regularly counted, sorted and classified to continuously enrich and expand.
Second, learn to observe before writing a good composition.
Mr. Lu Xun emphasized two points when answering the question of "how to write good articles" for young artists: one is to read more books, and the other is to practice more. Here, "seeing more" means observing more. This shows that in order to write a good article and master skillful writing skills, it is necessary to observe more and learn to observe, and observation is the necessary premise and foundation of writing.
Russian novelist Chekhov earnestly warned beginners: "A writer must train himself to be a keen observer and never give up! -It is a habit to exercise your own observation, as if it were second nature. " It takes time to hone observation into habit and second nature, which is very useful and remarkable.
Pay attention to the people, events, sights and things around you, and hunt for the materials needed in the composition: be interested in some seemingly insignificant but meaningful things, and pay attention to the cause, process and result of things; You should pay attention to how the plants in the campus flower beds change their colors all year round, and learn to get to the bottom of it and find out the ins and outs of these changes; You should go out, enter the society, meet more people, observe their words and deeds, think about some things, and integrate into your own thoughts at any time. This is the process of observation, and the following points should be paid attention to in the process of observation:
(a) Observation should not be limited to "eyes". Broadly speaking, more practical observation refers to mobilizing all the five senses of people: listening with ears, feeling with the body and, more importantly, thinking with the mind, so that the observation will be more delicate and profound.
(2) Pay attention to the use of "bad writing" in the observation process. As the saying goes, a good memory is better than bad writing. Many students see a lot and think a lot every day, but they are not good at writing it down at any time, which will waste the observed materials and a lot of valuable things.
(3) Pay special attention to perseverance in observation. Don't make "brain fever". Three minutes of heat is not conducive to writing a good composition. You should observe life and think about every day in your life, so that you can write wonderful articles.
Learning to observe plays a great role in laying the foundation and promoting a good composition. Without observation, you often find it difficult to write. May you learn to observe, constantly cultivate and improve your ability to observe, and make great progress in your writing practice.
Third, the meaning is high, and the text wins.
Intention is to establish the center and intention of the article. So what problems should the article pay attention to when expounding ideas?
(A) the idea should be correct
Correctness is the first meaning of the article. The so-called correctness is to ensure that the feelings and thoughts of the article are correct, in line with the nature and laws of objective things, in line with China's basic political principles, in line with people's basic moral requirements, and can give people positive inspiration.
(2) single-minded.
"The problem of composition is more expensive than being single. Specialization is fine, and dispersion is stupid. " No matter how complicated things are, the main idea cannot be dispersed. An article should explain both this problem and that point of view, and it is ambiguous to ramble. In fact, if you want to cover everything, it is definitely not in place. Moreover, an article can only have one center. Instead of "biting off more than one can chew", it is better to concentrate on expressing a center with pen and ink. Even if we express the center through several things, we should stick to the center, keep the same goal, pay attention to the combination of materials and centers, and let all the forces contained in materials point to the center.
(c) Ideas should be novel.
The article is the most taboo to echo others' opinions, and the novel angle is the core of composition innovation. The novelty of the idea requires jumping out of the old box and not following the advanced thinking, habitual thinking or the original psychological formula, but examining the alternative content contained in the topic from a unique perspective to avoid what others often write and what others have not written. Even if the same writing object can always be cut in from multiple angles, as long as we break the mindset, stand at the height of the times, avoid "vulgarity" and seek "difference", think from multiple angles and sides, or associate, expand, analogize or reverse, and build your most beautiful rainbow in the colorful sky.
(4) be profound.
Profound conception means that the established theme is not the superficial truth that people are familiar with, but to look at the essence through the phenomenon and dig deeper meaning.
(5) ingenious conception.
In limited words, if you want to express profound thoughts, you can only see the world from a grain of sand, reproduce the whole picture of life from one branch and one leaf, and describe and think about society and life from one drop, one fragment, one moment and one phenomenon, that is, you should focus on the big picture and put pen to paper in a small place, but you can see great dullness from a small angle.
Fourth, how to write a good article about things.
How to write a good article? Please remember the following five points:
(1) Explain the origin
Introducing the history of the article in one or two sentences at the beginning of the article naturally leads to the following.
(2) Specific description
Through color and modeling, the shape of the article is accurately outlined, and the characteristics are written, giving people a distinct feeling. Use some appropriate rhetorical devices to develop a reasonable imagination. Give it emotion, and it will make things on paper come alive.
(C) the combination of static and dynamic
Write the static shape characteristics first, and then write its dynamics. This will add some interest and the articles written will be more vivid.
(4) Interpretation function
Each item has its own unique function. Generally speaking, this kind of article should explain the function of the article at the end, which will highlight the characteristics of the article.
(5) Integration with feelings
Between the lines, it is necessary to reveal the author's love and cherish for the things described, which will enhance the appeal of the article.
Five, to make a long story short
You must be very moved to read a good article, right? If you want to introduce the story to others simply, you can use abbreviations. This exercise is an abbreviation, which requires the main content to be complete and focused; The language is concise, with no more than 300 abbreviations.
Abbreviation is a common form in composition. Abbreviation is to compress a long article into a short article without changing the center and genre and retaining the main content of the original text. Learning abbreviations can help us better understand the content of the text, cultivate our reading ability and generalization ability, and then improve our language expression ability. So, how to abbreviate it?
(a) leave the trunk, branches and leaves. When we abbreviate the text, we should delete the minor characters, minor events, explanations and explanations, leaving the main content of the text. For example, in the article "the little scribe", we should first think about: under what circumstances did Sulio start to help his father, why did he do it in secret, how did he do it, what was the result, and draw the place that touched you the most. Then write down what he copied for his father and delete his thoughts when he was misunderstood by his father.
(2) Simplify the task language directly. In narration, direct narration should be changed into indirect narration, and the language of characters should be simplified as much as possible. This not only makes the plot coherent, but also makes the sentence concise.
(3) Keep the context of the article clear. The abbreviation of the text should keep the main context of the article clear and complete, especially the time, place, person, cause, process and result of the event, so that people can have a general understanding of the original text after reading it.
(4) Either change the original intention of the text. The most important thing of abbreviated words is that the original intention of the words will not be changed after abbreviation, so that the content is basically consistent with the original text and readers will not be confused. First, improve the ability to understand and express things. Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator in China, pointed out: "Writing anything depends on knowledge and experience. What kind of knowledge and experience can make you write something. On the other hand, if you don't have the ability to express understanding, you can't write a good composition. "
Second, take the cognitive structure as the core of the composition, including learning knowledge, observing accumulation, memory storage, training thinking, enriching imagination, cultivating emotion and exercising will; From talking about writing, scrutinizing and revising, reading more books and writing more.
Third, set up a big composition concept and combine listening, speaking, reading and writing organically.
First, we should pay attention to the examination of questions; The second is to make clear the purpose of writing and be innovative; Third, the selection of materials should be based on evidence; Fourth, we should pay attention to writing skills and arrange the structure of the article; Fifth, we should pay attention to the segmentation of the article and list the subheadings and composition outlines in advance; Sixth, we should pay attention to the writing and usage of the article; Seventh, we should use language skillfully and use thought to schedule language.
Learn five ways to conceive: praise people with things, express their feelings directly, reason with things, touch the scene and express their feelings with things.
Fourth, the composition goal is decomposed year by year: first-level words, second-level sentences, third-level fragments, fourth-level chapters, fifth-level synthesis and sixth-level improvement.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) carries out five trainings.
According to the principle that cognition is the core of composition, around the core of developing students' psychological mechanism, five trainings have been carried out in a down-to-earth manner:
(1) word training. Learn to master many words. Master the golden key to using words: contact with things you are familiar with; Contact your own life reality; Contact your knowledge of language and writing.
Use the method of "ten quotations" to combine word learning with oral training. The "Top Ten Quotations" are: 1, analyzing glyphs; 2. Use teaching AIDS; 3. Look at the pictures and learn words; 4. Word formation and expansion; 5. Choose words to fill in the blanks; 6. collocation of words; 7. Adjust the word order; 8. Words used to move the scene; 9. Word classification; 10, conjunctions into sentences. Enrich the content of oral training, so that I can accumulate a large number of words that I can speak and use, and lay a solid foundation for writing.
(2) Sentence training. As long as it is a sentence, it includes two aspects: one is about people, things, things and scenery, and the other is about purpose. However, some teachers do not use pictures and things to seriously teach students the methods of observation, understanding, analysis and expression when instructing students to say a sentence. They just take out a picture or something for students to say and write a sentence. Students don't know why to say and write a sentence, how to say and write a sentence, and what sentence patterns to say and write, which leads to a single, dull and lifeless composition tone. Students can be taught to speak and write a sentence with four complete elements, four sentence patterns and nine sentence patterns, according to pictures, things, dialogues and exercises. Students will use different sentence patterns and sentence patterns to express different thoughts, feelings, attitudes and purposes in their compositions.
(3) Paragraph training. Combination of eight segments: the development of things is a sequential segment, time is a sequential segment, and spatial transformation is a sequential segment, a general and substructure segment, a causal segment, a turning segment, a progressive segment, and a parallel segment. In order to understand the law of occurrence and development of objective things. No matter what kind of paragraph, it describes the development of things and people's understanding of things, that is, the content and the center of the paragraph. Like a sentence, it is also a description of people, things, things and scenery, and it also expresses a meaning. Just to make a sentence clearer and deeper.
(4) Text training. A chapter consists of paragraphs. Through the knowledge and methods of examining topics, making ideas, selecting materials, planning articles, defining methods and terms, through the four expression methods of narration, description, lyricism and discussion, the methods of beginning and end of articles, transition and echo, and the knowledge and methods of various article genres. Learn to write narrative and practical articles with clear center, complete meaning and appropriate details.
(5), life on-site training. Use on-site training to better understand writing from the content. Through various composition teaching activities such as "centering", "selecting materials", "composition consultation meeting", "Xiao Zhuge grade examination meeting" and "wonderful word competition meeting", we can learn composition knowledge and writing methods vividly and concretely from the activities. In addition, you can also carry out various activities inside and outside the school, such as skipping rope, tug-of-war, kicking shuttlecock, ball games, endorsement competitions, etc., and learn how to write competition compositions; Carry out voluntary labor inside and outside the school and learn how to write labor scenes; Hold poetry recitals and lectures to learn how to write conference scenes and experiences; Learn how to write travel notes and travel notes by visiting and browsing places of interest. Learn to observe methods and pay attention to things around you. "Pay attention to everything and you will learn. The cultivation of human feelings is the article." Through on-site life composition, I further realized that life is fertile ground for composition. So as to learn to describe things, express true feelings, cultivate the sentiments of truth, goodness and beauty, and cultivate a good style of writing.
Implement "mutual evaluation and mutual reform" to cultivate students' thinking independence and creativity. After students write their compositions, organize group comments. Learn the advantages of other people's compositions first, and then point out the shortcomings in their own compositions with critical eyes and suggestions for improvement. Rewrite on this basis, so that students can learn something from each article they write.
Write down your truth.
"Write your honest words" is what the old educator Mr. Ye Shengtao said. It aims to create a colorful "independent" composition world. The so-called "autonomy" means that students are free to think and write without being restricted by rules and regulations. "Independent" composition means "speaking from the heart", acting spontaneously, showing self-style, and embodying distinctive personality.
We should break away from the old composition teaching method, let students write in an "independent" state, shed affectation and imitation, give them fresh imagination and rich creativity, and what is waiting for harvest will be colorful colors, fresh fruits and full of vitality.
When writing, it often happens in the classroom: some students are exhausted and pour out what they want to say in a few words, which is shriveled; Some students are full of thoughts, and if there is running water in their minds, or gurgling, or ups and downs, their works are eloquent. The reason is, of course, closely related to the adequacy of writing materials. However, another important factor must not be ignored, that is, how well imagination is played.
According to the research of modern brain physiology, the human brain can be divided into four functional parts, namely, perception part, judgment part, storage part and imagination part. For most people, the first three parts focus on development, while the imaginary part is ignored. According to the research and test, the average person only uses 15% of his imagination, which has great potential. When learning to write, we must attach importance to the development of imagination. People say that science begins with imagination. If people don't fantasize about flying like birds and swimming like fish, where will there be today's planes and submarines? The same is true of writing articles. If you use your imagination and let your thoughts have wings, you will be able to explore up and down, roam in the wild and get very rich writing materials.
To develop imagination, we should choose a non-directional, jumping and free way, that is, to extrapolate and think without restriction. Generally speaking, people often think about problems according to certain conventions and angles, and the scope of thinking is relatively narrow, while imagination is not thinking step by step, but thinking freely without any constraints, and thinking is fully divergent. Divergent thinking can form images of many things that have never been seen before and create unprecedented new images.
Simple mistakes often made in writing.
The most common mistake in primary school students' writing is to digress or digress.
Another common problem is poor writing and insufficient vocabulary. If you add the content of "unconstrained style", write an impossible thing in real life at random, or make trouble or have a negative impact, it will be miserable.
Several reasons:
(1) Improper selection of materials: especially for the composition based on pictures, they do not play according to the pictures, but "create" at will.
(2) Lack of vocabulary: the whole description of "happy" is "happy" and there are no other adjectives;
(3) Inconsistent sentences: especially English-style Chinese, such as "Xiaoli dropped her textbook" (the correct statement is "Xiaoli dropped her textbook").
(4) Incomplete conception and improper details: I wrote more than half at the beginning, and when I got to the central idea of the theme, I took two sentences, and the ending was even more hasty, making the mistake of not highlighting the theme.
(5) Insufficient observation and description: For example, there are no specific examples for the description of naughty younger brother.
Elementary school composition: It is easiest to write by looking at pictures.
Tip: Make sentences according to a single picture, then connect the sentences of a single picture together and add some coherent words, descriptions and adjectives to meet the basic requirements.
Middle school composition: Narrative is the easiest to master.
Tip: Never mind the number of words, describe and explain a person (such as my beloved) and a thing (such as my unforgettable thing) in one breath, as long as the words are fluent, you can pass; If you work hard on content and skills, you can get high marks.
The mistakes that students often make include not grasping the key points, insufficient vocabulary, insufficient subject matter, and poor association. You should practice more.
Parents' encouragement is very important. It is necessary to give children the correct information: "As long as I am willing to learn, I will definitely learn composition well", then the process of learning composition will be competent and enjoyable.
How do students who have the most headache in writing a composition write a composition?
Many students report that they are very uneasy about writing a composition. Some students said, "Faced with the essay questions assigned by the teacher, often two classes have passed, and you can't write a word …" The following article may be helpful to these students.
I entered this middle school last September. Before that, I was very afraid of writing. From the third grade to the graduation from primary school, I hardly wrote a decent composition. We don't have exams in middle schools here. If there is an exam, I don't think you can sit in a middle school classroom just by writing a composition.
After entering middle school, I still can't write a composition. It was a story told by a Chinese teacher that inspired me, and I gradually learned to write a composition. The story told by the teacher goes like this:
Wei Shusheng, a famous teacher in China, joined a new junior high school class. A student said he couldn't write a composition. Teacher Wei asked him, "Can you write a sentence?" He said, "This will do." Teacher Wei said, then write a sentence in your composition. So the student's first composition has only one sentence: "School starts today." By the time of the second composition, Teacher Wei said to the classmate, "Can you write two sentences in this composition?" That classmate readily agreed.
In this way, from one sentence to two sentences, three sentences ... this classmate finally learned to write.
My situation is too similar to this classmate. Why can't I start with a one-sentence composition like him? In order to make my progress faster, I decided to shorten the cycle, starting with one sentence and then writing two or three sentences ... After a while, my composition gradually became an "article", or it basically looked like an article.
I remember the first sentence I wrote was: "I will learn to write a composition from today." The next day, I added another sentence after this sentence: "I believe I can write well." Strange to say, it seems that every time I write one sentence, then I don't just write one more sentence, so I have more to write. I found that it is not difficult to write out what I saw and heard in a composition of sixty or seventy sentences.
The teacher was surprised at my progress, and many students who couldn't write a composition like me also asked me for writing experience. I said, "From writing a sentence, this is the experience."
In May this year, one of my exercises was adopted by the school literature club, which made me more confident. I feel that I have changed a lot compared with last year, and I can also be a writing material. Many students complain about how difficult it is to write a composition when talking about writing. Here's how to write a composition.
First, the composition should learn to accumulate.
"Reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "A clever woman can't cook without rice" are ancient summaries, from
Both positive and negative aspects illustrate the importance of "accumulation" in writing. "Usually rely on accumulation, the examination room depends on hair.
Wave ",this is the same experience of the students in the examination room.
(A) language to establish a "vocabulary". Vocabulary is the cell of an article. A large vocabulary, isn't it?
It only refers to the collection of words and phrases, and also includes sentences and sentence groups. There are two ways to build a glossary: first,
One is reading. Usually read books and newspapers extensively, take notes and put some beautiful ones.
Words, sentences and paragraphs are extracted from a specific notebook, and can also be made into reading cards. The second one is
Life. Usually, we should capture the vivid language spoken by the public and put it in a small place around us.
In a notebook or card, after a long period of time, you can say it and write a composition.
It will be wonderful.
(2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials. Materials are the flesh and blood of the article. Many students usually don't.
Pay attention to the accumulation of materials, and worry about it every time you write a composition, or make up or copy it. solve this problem
The solution to the problem is to accumulate materials. Usually, if you have the conditions, you can bring a camera and a tape recorder for in-depth observation.
Life, actively participate in life, and write it down in time in the form of sketches, diaries and observation notes.
Record experiences in family life, campus life and social life. When recording, you should grasp the details, grasp
Characteristics of people, things, things and scenery. The article written in this way is flesh and blood.
(3) We should strengthen ideological accumulation. Opinion is the soul of an article. The center of the article is not clear, or
Lack of profound thoughts often shows that the author's thoughts are superficial. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank". square
There are two ways: first, think hard. "One more miss, one more gain." Think deeply at ordinary times,
When things happen, ask "why", "what" and "how" So that we can see through this phenomenon.
Essence. It is also necessary to record the "sparks" of thinking and the conclusions of thinking at any time. The second is compilation,
That is to extract famous sayings, aphorisms and aphorisms from celebrities.
In short, composition should be accumulated, and "vocabulary", "material" and "thought" should be established.
The three writing warehouses should be regularly counted, sorted and classified, and should be continuously enriched and expanded.
Second, learn to observe before writing a good composition.
Mr. Lu Xun emphasized two points when answering the question of "how to write a good article" by young artists:
One is to watch more and the other is to practice more. Here, "seeing more" means observing more. It means: write well.
Chapter, to master skilled writing skills, we must observe more and learn to observe, and observation is writing.
Necessary premise and foundation.
Chekhov, a Russian novelist, earnestly warned beginners like this: "A writer must train himself into one."
A keen observer who never gives up! -Exercise yourself to observe is a habit, imitation.
Buddha becomes second nature. "It is very important to turn observation into habit and exercise into second nature.
Kung fu that takes time to hone is very useful and great.
Pay attention to people, things, sights and things around you, and hunt for the material you need in your composition: you.
We should be interested in some seemingly insignificant but meaningful things, paying attention to the cause, process and
Results; You should pay attention to how the plants in the flower beds on campus change color all year round, and learn to take root.
Ask the truth and find out the ins and outs of these changes; You should go out into the society, meet more people and observe.
Everything they say and do, they should think about something and integrate into the long river of their own thoughts at any time. this
Is the process of observation, observation process should pay attention to the following points:
(a) Observation should not be limited to "eyes". A more practical and broad observation is that
This means mobilizing all five senses: listening with your ears, feeling with your body, and more importantly.
Think with your heart and brain, and this observation will be more delicate and profound.
(2) Pay attention to the use of "bad writing" in the observation process. As the saying goes, a good memory is better than a bad memory.
It's written. Many students watch a lot and think a lot every day, but they are not good at writing it down at any time.
In the future, this will make the observed materials wasted and many valuable things wasted.
Put it down.
(3) Pay special attention to perseverance in observation. Don't engage in "brain fever", three minutes of fever is right.
It is impossible to write a good composition. You should observe and think about life all your life.
One day, you will write wonderful works.
Learning to observe plays a great role in laying the foundation and promoting a good composition. Without observation, you often
You will find it difficult to write. May you learn to observe, and constantly cultivate and improve the observation ability that is conducive to writing.
Great progress has been made in practice.
How to write a good article? Please remember the following five points:
(1) Explain the origin
Introducing the history of the article in one or two sentences at the beginning of the article naturally leads to the following.
(2) Specific description
Through color and modeling, the shape of the article is accurately outlined, and the characteristics are written, giving people a distinct feeling.
Use some appropriate rhetorical devices to develop a reasonable imagination. Give it emotion, and it will make things alive.
Life is on paper.
(C) the combination of static and dynamic
Write the static shape characteristics first, and then write its dynamics. This will add some interest and write articles.
And live more.
(4) Interpretation function
Each item has its own unique function. Generally speaking, this kind of article should explain something at the end.
This will highlight the characteristics of this article.
(5) Integration with feelings
Between the lines, it is necessary to show the author's love and cherish for the things described, which will enhance the writing.
The attraction of this chapter.
Five, to make a long story short
You must be very moved to read a good article, right? If you want to introduce this story briefly,
Others can use abbreviations. This exercise is abbreviated, and the main content is required to be completed.
Overall, focused; The language is concise, with no more than 300 abbreviations.
Abbreviation is a common form in composition. The abbreviation means not to change the center or body.
Cut, keep the main content of the original text, and compress a long article into a short one. Learn to shrink
Writing can help us better understand the content of the text and cultivate our reading ability and generalization ability.
And then improve the language expression ability. So, how to abbreviate it?
(a) leave the trunk, branches and leaves. When we abbreviate text, we should delete secondary characters and secondary ones.
Events, as well as explanations and explanations, leave the main content of the text. Like the little scribe.
In this article, we should first think about: under what circumstances did Sulio start to help his father, and he worked for him.
What to do in secret, how to do it, what is the result, and draw the place that moves you most. In that way
Then I wrote down what I copied for my father and what I thought when he was misunderstood by my father.
Delete if it is irrelevant.
(2) Simplify the task language directly. In narration, direct narration should be changed into indirect narration.
Simplify the language of the characters as much as possible. This not only makes the plot coherent, but also makes the sentence concise.
(3) Keep the context of the article clear. Abbreviations should pay attention to keeping the main content of the article clear.
Integrity, especially the time, place, people, cause, process and result of the story.
And other elements should be complete so that people can have a general understanding of the original text after reading it.
(4) Either change the original intention of the text. The most important thing about abbreviated words is that the original text cannot be changed after abbreviation.
Meaning, so that the content is basically consistent with the original text, and will not make readers ambiguous.
After telling you the method, it depends on your efforts ~!