(Zhou Zheng)

Alisma orientate (Sam.) Juzep. is a perennial aquatic herb in the family of Alisma. It is mainly produced in Sichuan and Fujian, and is also produced in Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei and Hunan, and is mostly cultivated. The tubers are used as medicine. The tubers contain a variety of tetracyclic triterpenoids: alisol A, B, C and its acetate, epi-alisol A, 24-acetyl alisol A, 23-acetyl alisol B, 23-acetyl alisol C. In addition, it contains choline, lecithin, and lecithin. It also contains choline and lecithin. Sweet in flavor, cold in nature. It has the function of facilitating urination and clearing dampness and heat. It can be used for urination, edema and distension, diarrhea and urination, phlegm and dizziness, hot shower and astringent pain, and hyperlipidemia.

I. Morphological Characteristics

The height of the plant is 50-100cm, and the tuber is spherical, up to 4cm in diameter, with a brownish skin and densely packed with fibrous roots. Leaves all basal, petiole base expanded sheath-like, leaf blade ovate-elliptic or long elliptic, apex acute, base cuneate or cordate, entire. Flowering stems arising from leafy clusters, panicles, umbellately arranged; perianths 6, in 2 whorls, outer whorls of perianths 3, calyxlike, inner whorls of perianths 3, petaloid, white; stamens 6; pistils many-carpellate, free. Achenes annularly arranged, obovate-flattened (Figs. 14-105).

Figure 14-105 Morphology of Zelig

1.Plant 2.Inflorescence 3.Flower Enlargement

Two, Biological Characteristics

Zelig is an aquatic plant, preferring to grow in a mild climate, sunny places, afraid of cold. It is advisable to choose more fertile and slightly sticky soil, while there is a reliable water source of paddy cultivation, pre-crops are mostly early or middle rice. Cultivated in a cooler, early frost, the growing period is short, lower yield. Cold soaked fields with too sandy texture or low soil temperature should not be planted.

Seeds flat, light, not submerged, in June-July after sowing, 2-3 days began to germinate, 4 a 5 days the first and second true leaves successively out of the soil, generally in the seedbed cultivation for about 45 days, the seedling height of 17-20cm when transplanted. mid- to late September began to draw shoots and flowers, flowers and fruits. The period lasts until November, December above ground part of the yellowing.

Three, cultivation technology

(a) propagation methods

Propagation by seed, first cultivate the seed, and then seedling transplantation.

1. Seed cultivation

The following two methods are generally used:

(1) Sprouting propagation

Prior to the harvest of Zelda, the plants are selected and retained to grow robustly, free of pests and diseases, and the basal leaves are aggregated into three bundles as seed plants. Harvest, pull the seed plant, planted in the more humid dry land, covered with straw to prevent freezing. In the spring of the second year, the bulb sends out most of the young shoots, dug out in early April, cut into small pieces, each piece of 1 bud, transplanted to the paddy field, early August when the seeds are ripe harvesting, storage for the next year's sowing.

(2) tuber propagation

Harvesting of Zelda, after selecting the seed plants dug out, planted in the next year to plant rice fields, spring transplanting without having to split buds, to be sprouted after the removal of the side shoots, leaving the main shoots to bear children. This method, but also to maintain the quality of the seed, the seed is mature in mid-June, can catch up with the year sowing.

2. Seedling

(1) Selection of the whole land

Select sunny, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage of the field. The first application of decomposed compost or animal manure and water, repeated plowing and harrowing, and then flatten the field, open 1.3m wide beds, the requirements for the field as flat as a mirror, the mud is rotten as velvet. The whole field is dry for half a day or a night, and then sowing.

(2) sowing

Zelda seedling period is generally about 45 days, should be based on the climate characteristics and the previous (rice) harvest time convergence, Sichuan in mid-June to early July; Fujian in early July; Jiangxi in late July. Sowing too early easy to draw flower shoots, too late short growing period, affecting yield. Each mu seedbed with 250g of seed, before sowing and 100 times the fire ash fully mixed, evenly spread with a bamboo broom after gently patting the bed, so that the seed and soil bonding, to be the bed surface of the topsoil from the chicken claw cracked when the irrigation of shallow water.

(3) seedling management

4 days after sowing, often keep 3-4cm deep shallow water, to about 5 days after most of the seeds sprouted, every night irrigation shallow water, drainage in the morning sunshine seedlings, so that seedlings grow quickly and robust. In the event of heavy rain, should be immediately flooded to protect seedlings; in the event of prolonged rain, the water should be drained, sun field practice seedlings. Seedling height 5-7cm, should often keep shallow water, water depth can not exceed the tip of the seedling. Later, as the seedlings grow taller, you can keep the water about 5cm deep.

Weeding fertilizer, generally 1-2 times, the first time in the seedling height of 3-4cm, mu of light human and animal manure and water about 1500kg, or urea 3-4kg, and later depending on the growth of the seedlings, the second time, the amount of fertilizer can be increased appropriately compared to the first time. Before each fertilization should pull weeds, fertilization 1-2 days before irrigation.

The general seedling 1 mu, can be planted about 25 mu.

(B) Transplanting

When the rice harvest, remove the water from the field that is too deep, until some of the mud is present, and then plowing and harrowing 2-3 times, to achieve the mud is fine, the field is flat, and the water is shallow is preferred.

Transplantation period is generally in August, according to the Nanchuan Institute of Drug Cultivation test, early planting can increase yields, planting late yield is very low (Table 14-88).

Table 14-88 Zelda different planting period yield comparison

Transplanting, selected 17-20cm high seedlings, bundled into a small handful, such as aphids, the leaves can be immersed in 40% Rogaine 2000 times water solution to kill insects. Planting density is generally 30-33cm between rows, 24-27cm between plants, 1 seedling per hole. Seedlings should be planted shallowly, into the mud 3-4cm, at the same time in the field side of the dense planting of some preparatory seedlings, for replenishment of seedlings.

(C) field management

Transplanted 3-5 days after the timely inspection, if there is a wind blown down to the water surface, should be replanted, and take the seedlings to make up for the lack of planting.

Zelda transplanted after the short growing period, to strengthen the management. Plowing and weeding, fertilizer concentrated in two and a half months after transplanting, every 25-30 days 1 time, with human and animal manure, can also use crushed stable fertilizer and urea mixing application. Drainage before applying fertilizer, after applying plow and weed, every 1-2 days after irrigation. Irrigation should be shallow, different growth stages, master different irrigation depth. After the third plowing, into the tuber gradually expanding stage, should reduce the field water, so that the field is "flower water", and gradually drained in early November. If the Department of Tuen Mun water field, water must be stored, should also try to drain for shallow water.

In mid-September, the flower shoots and side shoots are gradually drawn out, should be removed from the base at any time, do not leave residual stems. If you let it bloom and set seed, it will make the tuber withered; if you let the side shoots sprout and grow, there are a lot of lumps on the tuber, inconvenient to process, will affect the quality and yield.

(D) Pests and diseases and their control

1. White spot disease

(Ramularia alismatis Fautr.)

Harms the leaves. starts to occur in July, the heaviest in August-September. Prevention and control methods: select disease-resistant varieties, use 40% formaldehyde 80 times solution to soak the seeds for 5 minutes before sowing, wash and dry after sowing; spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux solution or 50% Tobramycin wettable powder 1,000 times at the beginning of the onset of the disease, every 7-10 days, and sprayed 2-3 times.

2. Lotus constrictor aphid

(Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae L.)

Spring for the damage of Li plants, summer for the damage of zephyr, lotus, and other aquatic plants petioles, young stems. July-August seedling infestation is serious, and also occurs at any time in the growth period of September-October. It is a serious infestation during the seedling stage in July-August and occurs anytime during the growing period in September-October. Prevention and control methods: in the field can be used 40% Lego 1000-1500 times liquid spray.

3. The silver-striped night moth

(Plusia agnata Staudinger)

Larvae bite the leaves. Prevention and control methods: spray with 90% trichlorfon 1000 times liquid.

Four, harvesting and processing

Zelda was harvested in late December of the transplant year, when most of the leaves were yellow. First use a sickle to cut the soil around the plant, lift the plant with one hand, remove the soil, leaves. Dry with anthracite fire, dry and put into the cage while it is still hot, hit off the roots and rough skin that is.