1. Western medicine freckle removing (1) and chemical peeling method Chemical peeling method were one of the widely used freckle removing methods a few years ago. This method has been tried in many forms in China since ancient times, such as stripping with caustic soda. However, due to the limitation of technical conditions, it is impossible to conduct in-depth pharmacological research. The United States did not formally propose it until 1962. This method was first adopted by dermatological surgery, and later people used this method to remove spots, which is what we often hear in the beauty industry as "skin-changing therapy". It mainly uses chemicals to corrode the skin surface, causing contact dermatitis. When the scab falls off, the damaged skin disappears. In fact, "skin-changing therapy" is to achieve the purpose of freckle by forcibly peeling off the stratum corneum. Commonly used chemicals are benzoic acid, salicylic acid, trichloroacetic acid, fruit acid, flower acid and so on. Because this method has the characteristics of clear treatment target, relatively clear indications, short treatment time, quick effect, low cost and simple use, it was widely used at one time. But with side effects, this method has now disappeared. (2) Mechanical stripping method Mechanical stripping method, like chemical stripping method, is also one of the widely used freckle removing methods. Its main feature is to achieve the purpose of freckle removal by burning, freezing and grinding pigmented skin. The commonly used methods are: (1) Laser therapeutic lasers include He-Ne laser, argon ion laser, carbon dioxide laser, Nd-doped laser, dye laser, copper vapor laser, ruby laser, hydrogen laser, frequency doubling laser and so on 10. According to the principles of thermal effect, mechanical effect, photochemical effect and electrochemical effect when light radiation acts on the skin, it acts on related pathological tissues through burning, carbonization, gasification, coagulation and other ways, so as to inactivate biological tissue enzymes and protein degeneration. Laser freckle removal is to use these instantaneous thermal and biochemical effects of laser to achieve the purpose of freckle removal. Because laser therapy is widely used and effective, it is also adopted by qualified beauty salons. (2) Ultra-high frequency therapy Ultra-high frequency therapy is to use ultra-high frequency current to generate high fever and gasification when it acts on acupoints, and directly peel off superficial tissues to achieve the purpose of freckle removal. Although UHF therapy has the characteristics of high frequency, short wave length, strong penetration, easy to master and use, clear field of vision during operation, small wound and fast healing, expensive equipment has affected the wide application of beauty salons. (3) Dermatization treatment Dermatization, also known as scraping, is a beauty technology that has developed rapidly in China. There are three kinds of polishing treatments: sandpaper polishing, wire brush polishing, silicon carbide polishing and stainless steel olive polishing, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. At present, the "stainless steel olive grinding method" is widely used in cosmetic surgery. This method uses the high-speed rotation of the grinding head to grind off and peel off the stained skin, so as to achieve the purpose of freckle removal, and the curative effect is lasting. And the effect is obvious. However, due to the difficulty of operation and strong technology, it is mostly used in plastic surgery in hospitals. (4) Liquid nitrogen freezing Liquid nitrogen freezing technology is a new technology in the field of modern therapeutics. Cryotherapy is a comprehensive effect of cryobiology. Normal cells will be irreversibly damaged when they are extremely frozen. Its combination with beauty is also a hot topic in beauty salons in recent years, which is often used to treat freckles. Freckles will appear red papules after freezing, and separate blisters will form in about 3 hours. At this time, protein will be solidified and necrotic. After 3 days, the blister dried up and scabbed, and after 1 week, the scab skin fell off and the freckles fell off. Liquid nitrogen is widely used in beauty salons because of its ultra-low temperature of-196℃, colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, olefin-free, non-explosive, easy source and low price. Using the above peeling method to remove freckles has the characteristics of quick effect and wide application range, but practice has proved that the sequelae of this irritating therapy can not be ignored. In particular, the problem of postoperative "pigmentation spots" is not easy to solve. In many cases of beauty complaints, many of them are getting darker and darker because of long-term dependence on some peeling cosmetics, which leads to repeated mechanical operation or allergic infection. Medical beauty experts believe that beauty salons should try not to use peeling unless they have to. When it must be used, we must pay attention to the later protection. (3) drug treatment In addition to the common oral administration of VE and VC, the vast majority of western medicine methods for treating spots are external use. These topical drugs often play a role as effective ingredients in freckle-removing cosmetics. Commonly used effective components are arbutin, kojic acid dipalmitate, ascorbic acid, ellagic acid, fat-soluble extract of hay, glucosamine and so on. The freckle removing effect of these topical drugs is mainly achieved by inhibiting tyrosinase activity. (4) Chemical bleaching method in the field of freckle removal and beauty, although chemical bleaching method is not recognized in theory, it has been flooded in the beauty market. Because it has the characteristics of "quick freckle removal", it caters to the psychological needs of customers who want to quickly freckle. Cosmetics such as "scrub cream" and "magic water" that are common in the market now belong to this category. Most of these cosmetics are added with some chemical bleaching agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, mercury chloride, etc., and some are prepared with high concentration of powerful hormones and hydroquinone. Some people also use hydroquinone monophenyl ether, which, like ATPA, belongs to melanocytotoxin. These melanocytotoxins used on the skin will lead to melanocyte death and permanent depigmentation. It is undoubtedly very harmful to add these restricted or prohibited substances to cosmetics. We list "chemical bleaching" as a freckle removing method here, because this method is not recognized, but it occupies a large market. We just want to remind everyone that we must not be eager for quick success in order to achieve "miraculous effect". Second, Chinese medicine freckle removal is one of the important contents of Chinese medicine beauty, and it is also an important part of Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine freckle treatment, in the diagnosis and treatment, often uses internal sparse conditioning, external rubbing, external sticking, fumigation, external steaming and other methods, supplemented by meridians, acupoint massage, acupuncture, catgut embedding and so on. Can be roughly divided into drug freckle and non-drug freckle two categories. (a), Chinese medicine freckle Chinese medicine freckle, is under the guidance of Chinese medicine theory, the use of Chinese medicine to regulate the viscera, balance Yin and Yang, in order to achieve the purpose of freckle treatment. There are three methods: activating blood and removing blood stasis, soothing liver and regulating qi, warming yang and tonifying kidney. Optional ingredients: Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction, Taohong Siwu Decoction, Xiaoyao Powder, Gui You Pill, Guifu Bawei Pill, etc. (2) Non-medicinal Chinese medicine freckle removal Non-medicinal Chinese medicine freckle removal refers to a treatment method that does not use drugs to achieve freckle removal under the guidance of the basic theory of Chinese medicine beauty. It includes acupuncture therapy, qigong therapy and diet therapy. (1) Acupuncture therapy is to stimulate a specific part of the human body-acupoints to play a benign role in regulating meridians, or to regulate the functions of yin and yang, qi and blood, and viscera through the transmission of meridians, so as to achieve the purpose of removing spots and preventing spots. (2) Qigong therapy Qigong therapy is an ancient health-preserving exercise method, which is based on self-exercise techniques such as "guiding", "resting", "adjusting the mind", "adjusting the breath" and "adjusting the shape", dredging the meridians, harmonizing qi and blood, coordinating viscera, and balancing yin and yang to achieve the purpose of skin care and freckle removal. (3) Dietotherapy is a branch of Chinese medicine, and it is also a method to prevent and treat spots by using the effects of cold, heat, warmth and coolness of diet on human body under the guidance of basic theories of Chinese medicine.