1. Answer the question

Based on the picture information and plant appearance characteristics, it can be seen that this is magnolia, which generally refers to magnolia, a deciduous tree plant of the Magnoliaceae family.

2. Name and overview

Magnolia is named for its "white and slightly blue color and orchid-like fragrance". Its bark is dark gray; its branchlets are slightly thick and grey-brown; its leaves Papery, elongated branches and leaves at the base are oval, petioles are pubescent, with narrow longitudinal grooves on the upper surface; flower buds are oval, upright, fragrant; pedicels are significantly enlarged, densely covered with long light yellow silk hairs; follicles are thick and woody, brown; seed core Shape, flat sides, red outer testa, black inner testa; flowering period is February to March, fruiting period is August to September.

3. Morphological characteristics

Deciduous tree, 25 meters high, 1 meter in diameter at breast height, with wide branches spreading to form a broad crown; bark dark gray, rough and cracked; branchlets slightly thick, gray Brown; winter buds and pedicels are densely covered with light grayish-yellow long silk hairs. The leaves are papery, obovate, broadly obovate or obovate-elliptic, with elongated branches and leaves at the base, elliptical, 10-15 (18) cm long, 6-10 (12) cm wide, with apex broadly rounded, truncated or slightly concave, with Short process tip, tapering into a wedge shape below the middle, dark green on the leaf, pubescent when young, only the midrib and lateral veins remain pubescent, light green below, pubescent along the veins, 8-8 on each side of the lateral veins 10, with obvious network veins; the petiole is 1-2.5 cm long, pubescent, with a narrow longitudinal groove; the stipule mark is 1/4-1/3 of the petiole length. ?

The flower buds are oval, the first leaves of the flowers are open, upright, fragrant, 10-16 cm in diameter; the pedicels are significantly enlarged, densely covered with long light yellow silk hairs; 9 tepals, white, often at the base Pinkish, nearly similar, oblong-ovate, 6-8 (10) cm long, 2.5-4.5 (6.5) cm wide; stamens 7-12 mm long, anthers 6-7 mm long, laterally dehiscent; septum wide About 5 mm, the top extends into a short pointed head; the pistils are light green, glabrous, cylindrical, 2-2.5 cm long; the pistils are narrowly ovate, 3-4 mm long, with a cone-pointed style 4 mm long. The aggregate fruit is cylindrical (often bent due to partial carpel sterility in garden cultivars), 12-15 cm long, 3.5-5 cm in diameter; the follicles are thick and woody, brown, with white lenticels; the seeds are heart-shaped, flattened on the sides, It is about 9 mm high and 10 mm wide. The outer testa is red and the inner testa is black.

4. Growth environment and distribution

Magnolia grows in forests at an altitude of 500-1000 meters. Likes sunshine, tolerates a little shade. It has a certain degree of cold resistance and can survive the winter safely at -20°C. It can survive the winter in the open in the leeward and sunny areas of North China. It prefers fertile, moderately moist and well-drained weakly acidic soil (pH 5-6), but can also grow in weakly alkaline soil (pH 7-8).

Magnolia is a species endemic to China, distributed in Jiangxi (Lushan), Zhejiang (Tianmu Mountain), Hunan (Hengshan), and Guizhou, and is widely cultivated in gardens in major cities in China. As early as the end of the 18th century, magnolia was gradually introduced to Europe for cultivation, and is now being introduced and cultivated in the United States, Japan and other countries or regions.

It is more sensitive to temperature and blooms earlier the farther south it is. It blooms in May in Beijing, April in Henan, March in Shanghai, and February in Kunming. In the Hangzhou area, the flowers generally begin to bloom in mid-March, enter the peak flowering period in late March, and wither in early April. The flowering period lasts for 10-20 days. The flowering time is related to the temperature of the year. Flowering begins as early as late February and as late as late March. The fruits begin to ripen in early September and the seeds begin to fall off in late September. Leaf buds usually swell in late March, unfold in early April, and begin to change color in mid-October. They fall off in late October, and fall off in mid-November.

5. Main application value

1 Medicinal use

In the 2010 edition of the "Pharmacopoeia", the dried flower buds of Wangchun Magnolia, Magnolia or Wudang Magnolia are called For Xinyi. Magnolia flowers contain volatile oils, mainly citral, syringoleic acid, etc., and also contain magnolialine, alkaloids, aspicrin, capric acid, rutin, oleic acid, vitamin A and other ingredients, which have certain medicinal value. Magnolia flower is pungent and warm in nature and flavor, and has the effects of dispelling wind, dispersing cold, clearing the orifices, clearing the lungs and clearing the nose. It can be used for headaches, blood stasis type dysmenorrhea, nasal congestion, acute and chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis and other symptoms. Modern pharmacological research shows that magnolia flowers have inhibitory effects on common skin fungi. According to the "Compendium Supplements", magnolia has the effects of dispelling wind, dispersing cold, clearing the orifices, clearing the lungs and clearing the nose. It can be used for headaches, blood stasis type dysmenorrhea, nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis and other diseases.

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2 Garden

Magnolia flowers are like "jade snow neon clothes", with a "gentleman's posture" in shape, and a fresh, elegant and pleasant fragrance. The first choice for garden applications is courtyard planting. Not only can it give people the aesthetic feeling of "breaking through the fragrance of silver flowers, jade and snow", but also the wealth of "piling up silver and jade". When combined with other spring flowers and plants, it creates a very noisy scene of trees blooming and flowers blooming; The magnolia tree is tall and elegant, with lush green leaves, well-proportioned natural branches, rapid growth, strong adaptability, and few pests and diseases. It is very suitable for planting on both sides of the road as a street tree. Walking along the magnolia flower path during the blooming season, you can deeply appreciate the " The joyful feeling of "walking through the flowers and filling the air with fragrance"; magnolia has strong resistance to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and chlorine, and can prevent and control industrial pollution and optimize the ecological environment. It is an excellent anti-pollution greening tree species in factories and mining areas. ?

3 Economical

The material is excellent, the texture is straight, and the structure is fine. It is used for furniture, drawing boards, joinery, etc.; the flowers contain aromatic oil, which can be extracted to prepare essence or extract. ; The tepal pieces are edible or used to make tea; the seeds are pressed for oil for industrial use.

6. Plant Culture

If magnolia is planted together with crabapple and peony, it means "wealth in the jade hall". If planted together with golden osmanthus, it will have the color of "full of gold and jade". ?

1 Flower Language

Magnolia represents repaying kindness. Magnolia often blooms with large white flowers in the lush greenery. Its fragrant fragrance makes people feel an indescribable temperament, fresh and pleasant. Because the grass is tall and the flowering position is high, it sways in the wind and is full of energy, just like a goddess scattering flowers, which is very cute. ?

2 Folklore

The legend about the magnolia flower is full of traditional Chinese folk tales. The story tells that a long time ago, there lived three sisters in a deep mountain. The eldest sister was called Hong Magnolia, the second sister was called Bai Magnolia, and the younger sister was called Huang Magnolia. The Dragon King locked the salt warehouse and prevented the people of Zhangjiajie from eating salt, which eventually led to a plague and many people died. The three sisters sympathized with them very much, so they decided to help everyone beg for salt. The people in the village were saved. Later, in order to commemorate them, people called the flower tree "Magnolia", and the floral fragrance they brewed became their own fragrance. It reflects people's pursuit of beautiful things and yearning for perfection. ?

3 The Hometown of Magnolia

Nanzhao County in Henan Province was awarded the "Hometown of Magnolia in China" by the Chinese Forestry Society.