Bergamot is a tropical and subtropical plant. It likes a warm and humid environment with plenty of sunshine. It is resistant to cold, frost and drought, shade, barren and waterlogging. It is suitable to cultivate in areas with sufficient rainfall and no freezing in winter. The optimum growth temperature is 22-24℃, the overwintering temperature is above 5℃, the annual precipitation is1000-1200mm, and the annual sunshine hours are1200-1800h. Suitable for growing in acid loam, sandy loam or clay loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, rich humus and good drainage.
First, the propagation method of bergamot: the propagation methods of bergamot include cutting propagation, grafting propagation and high pressure propagation.
1, cuttage propagation: Fingered citron is mainly cuttage propagation, which can be used in February-March in spring and August-September in autumn, with autumn cuttage being the best. The method of cutting is to select last year's robust branches as cuttings, about 20 cm long, cut on sandy soil, insert about two thirds of the cuttings into the soil, and insert the cuttings into the ditch according to the plant spacing 15- 17 cm, and never insert them upside down. Usually about 12000- 15000 cuttings are needed per mu. After cutting, cover the soil and compact it, so that a bud at the tip is exposed from the soil surface, and the soil should be drenched with water. After cutting, the soil can take root in about two months. After 9-10 months of cultivation, the seedlings can be planted when the height reaches about 30 cm.
2. High-pressure propagation: air layering is generally carried out in late spring and early summer. It is to select 2-4-year-old branches that grow vigorously on the crown of bergamot. At the distance of 20-30 cm from the base branches, first peel off half to two-thirds of the cortex by ring peeling method, and then wrap it around the wound with fertilizer mud in a ball shape, and wrap it with plastic film to keep it moist. The high-pressure time is generally carried out in February-March in early spring until August-September.
3. Grafting propagation: grafting is carried out in spring and autumn. Citron or lemon is better as rootstock. Rootstocks are generally propagated by cutting or sowing. Grafting methods include grafting and cutting abdomen.
Grafting method: It is carried out in the first ten days of August to September. The method is to plant the scion and rootstock to be grafted in pots respectively, put them close together, cut their opposite faces into two sliced faces with similar width and narrow, then close together and seal the wound with plastic film strips. After survival, the rootstock above the grafting interface and the scion below the grafting interface are cut off, and a grafted seedling is formed.
Cut-off grafting method: in the first and middle of March, cut the rootstock 5-7 cm above the ground, polish it with a grafting knife, and select the smooth part with a little wood as an oblique section with a depth of 1- 1.5 cm. The scion should have 2-3 buds, and the lower end should be cut into a wedge with a length of 1- 1.5 cm. Then, one side of the cut of the rootstock should be aligned with the cut skin of the scion, tightly inserted into the cut of the rootstock, and bound with plastic film. Generally, it will heal and sprout after half a month. At this time, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed. After 45-60 days, start to shoot, and at this time, the bandage must be removed, otherwise the new shoot will be easy to bend.
Second, pot cultivation: it is better to use clay pots for cultivating bergamot pots, and the pot soil must be loose and fertile and rich in organic matter. First, put broken tiles and coarse sand at the bottom of the flowerpot, then fill in the culture soil, then put the cultivated fingered citron seedlings in the center of the flowerpot to stand upright, and the roots should be stretched. Fill the soil in the half of the flowerpot to gently lift and shake the fingered citron plants, and compact the culture soil, which should not be too deep when planting, and keep the roots and the mouth of the flowerpot flat. Shallow affects the survival, deep affects the growth of bergamot after transplantation, and it is watered once after planting. After cultivation, it should be maintained in a shady environment for about a week, and then moved to a sunny place after the root system is restored.
Third, management: often pay attention to watering after the pot, so as not to dry the soil. After Grain Rain leaves the room, put it in the leeward and sunny place. In spring, when the new shoots are slightly longer than15-20cm, they should be plucked in time, so as to enrich the growth of branches, which is conducive to the differentiation of flower buds and the production of fruiting branches. After flowering, they should not be excessively wet, and the watering should be slightly controlled at the initial stage of fruit setting after flowering, so as not to be too big and too diligent, so as to avoid fruit dropping, and the use of nitrogen fertilizer should also be controlled. After the fruit expands, it is necessary to strengthen the fertilizer and water. Water the thin cake once a week to keep the soil moist and promote fruit development. After late autumn, when the fruit turns completely golden yellow, you can pick it and enjoy it indoors. /kloc-No topdressing after October, and the basin soil can be slightly dry in winter. When the soil is frozen in winter, move it indoors for maintenance, control watering and keep the soil dry. In spring, when new leaves germinate, they will be moved out of the room, and the over-dense or weak branches and long branches will be pruned. After germination, fertilizer and water will be strengthened to promote flowers.