Selection of key plots for potato planting;
Choose plots with deep plough layer, loose soil, good illumination, convenient irrigation and drainage, and medium or upper-middle fertility. The plots of villages should be concentrated as much as possible.
Fine soil preparation:
Deep ploughing and fine raking should be carried out in the potato planting land to loosen the soil and improve the soil's water storage and fertilizer conservation capacity.
Key points of potato planting technology
Seed selection, seed cutting and seed potato treatment:
Seed potatoes should be disease-free, injury-free and crack-free, especially 6 yuan? 1 is the best seed for small potatoes and whole potatoes. For large potato seeds, it needs to be cut, and potatoes are usually cut indoors. The tools used should be strictly disinfected, and the tools should be fast, thin and absolutely clean. Generally, two knives should be prepared, one of which is soaked in 75% alcohol semen, 0. 1% potassium permanganate solution or salt water. When the knife used for cutting potatoes cuts diseased potatoes, it should be replaced immediately and the diseased potatoes should be removed in time. When cutting potatoes, cut them vertically to ensure that each potato block has more than 2 bud holes.
Reasonable close planting, improve planting quality and specifications.
The suitable sowing date is 65438+ 10 from mid-late to early February. Sowing with double ridges and high ridges. According to the variety characteristics and soil fertility, the sowing width is generally 3 feet, that is, large row spacing 1.8 feet and small row spacing 1.2 feet. The nest spacing is 6 inches, and 6600 nests are sown per mu;
Or 2.8 feet, big row spacing 1.8 feet, small row spacing 1 foot, 7 100 nests per mu. Sowing requires deep, straight and even. That is, deep ploughing, deep planting and deep soil covering, and the sowing depth is about 7.5 inches. Sowing should be done on sunny or cloudy days, not immediately after rainy or heavy rain. Intercropping fields 6 feet (for places below 1200m) or 5.5 feet (for places above 1200m), 1 Two rows of spring potatoes are planted from late October to mid-February, with a spacing of1foot. After sowing, the two rows are covered with soil to form ridges. Two rows of corn were planted from late March to early April.
rational application of fertilizer
The base fertilizer is mainly composed of fully decomposed farm manure and potato special fertilizer, with farm manure 1500 ~ 2500 kg per mu, potato special fertilizer 60 ~ 80 kg or 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 40 kg. After all the seedlings emerge, combined with intertillage, quick-acting seedling fertilizer is applied again, and urea is applied as topdressing per mu, about10 kg; When the height of the seedlings before bud is about 20 cm, it is better to apply the fertilizer for growing potatoes once more in combination with soil cultivation, with the fertilizer of 700 kg per mu, spraying the stems and leaves with 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 3% urea solution 1 ~ 2 times during the potato growing period (before and after flowering), and adding the mixed solution of 0. 1% copper sulfate and boric acid when topdressing outside the roots.
Intertillage management
After potatoes emerge, intertillage and weed should be done in time.
About one month after emergence, intertillage, weeding, and first soil cultivation will be carried out, and part of the soil in the empty row will be cultivated to the potato row; Second intertillage, weeding and ridging are carried out every month or so, and the empty soil on the potato planting row is cultivated as far as possible, so that the ridge height reaches 6 inches to 9 inches, so that ridges are formed on the ridge surface, and empty rows form ditches, which is beneficial to irrigation in spring drought and drainage in summer when rainfall is concentrated. Generally, intertillage and ridging are carried out for 2-3 times, so as to really achieve deep planting and deep coverage, so as to ensure the nutrients and water needed for potato growth, so that all potato tubers are buried deep in the soil, thereby increasing the amount of potatoes and increasing the yield.
Pick flowers and buds.
For varieties with strong berries, buds should be removed in time after the appearance of potato buds to avoid nutrient consumption caused by flowering and fruiting and ensure the nutrient supply of potato pieces.
disease control
The first application is about one month after emergence, during the first intertillage, weeding and ridging, the second application is in the bud stage of potatoes, and the third application is in hot and humid weather. Insecticides should be used alternately to avoid drug resistance.
In addition to the above characteristics, it is also essential to know agricultural information and agricultural technology pages in time.
Potato planting scheme and key points 1. Soil selection: Potatoes have strong adaptability, and the requirement for soil is mainly loose, because the oxygen consumption of root system during potato growth is much higher than that of other crops (the oxygen consumption during tuber formation is 5 ~ 100 times that of ordinary crops), and the soil is required to be loose and breathable during tuber expansion, and the requirement for soil pH is not strict, and the pH range is 5.0 ~ 8.0. Therefore, sandy soil or loam with high terrain, loose soil, deep soil layer, convenient irrigation and drainage and fertile soil should be selected. It can be planted in most parts of our district.
2. Choose good varieties. Virus-free varieties with early maturity, high yield and disease resistance should be selected. Seed potato should be a mature potato with neat shape, moderate size, smooth skin, bright bud roots, complete potato pieces, no pests and diseases, no frostbite, and the appropriate size is 25 ~ 50g.
3. Seed treatment. First, put the seed potatoes in the sun for 2-3 days and 3-4 hours a day, and remove the sick potatoes and bad potatoes. It is recommended to sow whole potatoes. Large seed potatoes should be cut into pieces. No less than 50 grams of cut seed potatoes. Generally, the weight of potato pieces is 20-25g. Each incision should have 65,438+0-2 buds. Cut seed slices should be dried, and then plant ash and 4? Seed dressing with 8% thiophanate methyl or carbendazim can promote wound healing and disinfection.
4. Soil preparation and fertilization: After the previous crop is harvested, immediately plough 20 ~ 625 px, and shallow plough in early spring, without big clods, grass stems and roots, with the upper part empty and the lower part solid. The absorption rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in potato is 2.5: 1:4.5, among which potassium is the most absorbed, and the supply of potassium mainly depends on organic fertilizer. Therefore, before sowing, 3000 ~ 4000 kg of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of urea, 0/5 kg of potassium sulfate/kloc and 65438 kg of zinc sulfate were applied in combination with soil preparation.
5. Suitable sowing date: Generally, sowing can be carried out in mid-March when the local ground temperature of 250px is stable at 3-5℃, and then the border is covered with plastic film, and the plastic film is around every 2? Press a clod 3 meters to prevent the wind from damaging the plastic film and affecting the heat preservation effect.
6. Scientific seedling release: when the seedlings grow 1? 2 leaves, when there is no cold wave, you can put seedlings. The method is to cut a cross hole where the mulch film is aimed at the seedlings, lead the seedlings out of the mulch film, and then grab a handful of fine soil to seal the mulch film around the seedlings, which is convenient for heat preservation and moisture retention. Seedlings should be released before 10 in the morning or after 4 pm on sunny days, and seedlings can be released all day on cloudy days.
7. Fertilizer and water management: The growth characteristic of potato is that the aboveground stems and leaves and underground tubers grow at the same time. In order to achieve the goal of high yield, the fertilization principle of controlling nitrogen, increasing potassium and supplementing phosphorus should be followed to ensure the yield. After emergence, intertillage and weed in time, and topdressing according to the growth situation. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate or micro-fertilizer 1-2 times on the leaves at bud stage to supplement phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and trace elements. When the bud has formed and the inflorescence is pulled out, it should be pulled out in time to reduce nutrient consumption, change nutrient distribution, promote potato expansion, and combine intertillage weeding to cultivate the soil in time.
8. Pest control: Potato pests and diseases mainly include: late blight, grub, mole cricket, black cutworm and lady beetle. In the early stage of late blight, spray 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder 600 times the liquid level, 2-3 times. For underground pests such as grubs, grubs, cutworms, etc., 2-3kg of 3% phorate granules are used per mu to prepare toxic soil according to the ratio of 1: 10, which is evenly spread on the soil surface and applied during soil preparation. 28-star ladybug, spraying 4.5% beta-cypermethrin15ml mixed with 30-40kg water per mu in larval stage.
9. Combination of promotion and control: When the aboveground part of potato grows excessively, it will affect the expansion of underground tubers, and attention should be paid to controlling the aboveground part. Use 50-80g of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder per mu, add 45kg of water and spray it evenly on the leaves.
10, timely harvest. In order to improve the yield and income of plastic film potato, it is necessary to harvest it in time according to different cultivation purposes. As a vegetable for sale, we should seize the opportunity of early listing and high value and harvest and sell it as soon as possible after flowering. Although the output is low, the output value is high. Potatoes for other purposes are harvested after they are fully ripe, so that the highest yield can be obtained.