The so-called delayed cultivation, that is, in the late fall of the cooler season, summer and fall open ground cucumber has been unable to grow, the use of greenhouses insulation frost role, continue to produce a form of cultivation of cucumber. The stubble climate characteristics and early spring greenhouse cultivation is just the opposite, pre-high temperatures in the rainy season, and late sharp cooling. Therefore, the selection of varieties requires strong disease resistance, heat resistance, early melon, melon code dense, and harvesting concentration. At present, the main varieties are Jinchun four, Jinchun five and Jin You four.
A, sowing:
l. Determination of the sowing period: sowing too early, the seedling period to catch the high temperature and rainy, serious diseases, pre-production is high, but in the open ground autumn cucumber on the market at the same time, both unfavorable to the supply of the delay, but also affects the value of production. Sowed too late, the growth of late temperatures fall sharply, affecting the mid- and late-stage yield, reduce production value. Tianjin area sowing season for late July to early August. Fertility period is generally about l00 days.
2. land to do bed: after the harvest of the previous crop, should be removed in a timely manner, to reduce pests and diseases, and fertilize the bottom of the fertilizer to farmyard manure and mixed with diammonium phosphate or composite fertilizers, 30 kg per acre, fertilizer and soil evenly mixed with a deep turn over to do the bed. Low-lying areas more than the use of raised beds, easy to drain seedlings, generally made l30 centimeters bed, planting two rows, bed height l0 centimeters.
3. Button shed direct seeding: fall greenhouse delayed cultivation, direct-based. There are two ways to open shed live and buckle shed live. Open shed seeding, although saving plastic film, but due to high temperatures and rain, cucumber seedlings after the stem and leaves are easily injured, especially after irrigation is easy to rot the roots of dead seedlings, resulting in a lack of seedlings broken, pests and diseases are also serious. Therefore, the production of more than the use of live buckling, after sowing around the open ventilation, leaving only the top of the film used for shade and rain. Autumn greenhouse cucumber planting density can be slightly larger, row spacing of 60 centimeters, plant spacing of 20 to 30 centimeters, according to row spacing ditch, ditch depth of 3 to 4 centimeters, watering the bottom of the water, watering with the sowing, every 7 to 8 centimeters point seed 1 to 2 dry seeds, generally do not have to soak the seeds to promote germination, sowing mulching, the formation of the fish spine and a little compression.
Second, preservation of seedlings:
l. Inter-seedling: autumn extension of the greenhouse 3 ~ 4 days after sowing, that is, arching the soil out of the seedling, at this time with the paddle cradling flat back of the soil, a week out of the seedling, the first inter-seedling, to be the first piece of the true leaves to grow out of the second inter-seedling, grow to 3 ~ 4 pieces of the true leaves can be set according to the spacing of the tree.
2. Seedling replenishment: direct seeding is easy to cause the phenomenon of lack of seedlings, can be transplanted in the early morning or evening replenishment method to ensure that all seedlings, replenishment, pay attention to watering. The first condition for high yield is to keep all the seedlings.
Third, temperature and humidity regulation and fertilizer management:
l. High-temperature period: from sowing to the first and middle of September, cucumber is in the seedling to root melon **** long stage. At this time, high temperature and rainy, in addition to the roof of the shed buckle film, open around the ventilation, play a cool shed cooling rain role, when it rains can be put down the film, immediately open after the rain stops, and pay attention to the timely drainage of waterlogging, to prevent water in the bed, resulting in root suffocation and death. After the rain, the sky is clear and timely watering, play the role of cool irrigation.
2. Mild period: from early September to early l0 months, is the autumn extension of the greenhouse cucumber growth period. To strengthen ventilation during the day, the temperature in the shed during the day to control the 25 ~ 30 ℃, night control in l5 ~ l8 ℃, the outside air temperature of l5 ℃ or more, can not close the vent. Into the melon period, the supply of fertilizer and water should be sufficient, generally water with fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and manure thinning alternately, chemical fertilizer to urea, acid diamine-based. However, it is necessary to water small water, fertilizer should be applied diligently and sparingly, and it is strictly prohibited to irrigate with large amounts of water. At this stage, you can also carry out foliar spray fertilizer, especially continuous rainy days, with the outside of the fertilizer can ensure that the plant growth and development needs, the formula is 0.5% urea, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a variety of nutrients such as green wind 95, spraying treasure.
3. Low-temperature period: into the middle of l0 months, the outside temperature gradually reduced, at this time with the change in climate, gradually reduce the amount of air release. Keep about 25 ℃ during the day. Maintained at night at about l5 ℃, below l3 ℃, the night does not leave the wind, closed greenhouse, to ensure sufficient temperature to meet the needs of cucumber growth, try to extend the growth period is the key to management. Pay special attention to the attack of the first frost. Tianjin area generally in late October to the first frost. This stage of slow growth of cucumber, the relative reduction of fertilizer requirements, in order to reduce the humidity in the shed, strict control of watering, generally l0 ~ l5 days watering.
Fourth, the coordination of melon seedling growth:
Autumn greenhouse cucumber growth period is short, melon period is only more than 40 days. Therefore, early to promote the main seedling, cultivate strong seedlings, more differentiated flower buds. In the early stage of melon formation, the main vine is mainly melon, more than l2 sections of lateral branches removed, waist melon appropriate to stay 3 to 4 lateral branches, each lateral branch to stay - melon - leaf centering, to achieve the effect of the main lateral branches at the same time melon. Late melon proper removal of the bottom of the old leaves, diseased leaves, reduce nutrient consumption, to ensure that the growth of the melon needs.