Grass shrimp, also known as Penaeus monodon, is a member of the Penaeus family. It has the advantages of fast growth, diverse feeding habits, large individuals, and high yields. It is one of the main species in shrimp farming. The grass shrimp farming technology is as follows:

1 Shrimp pond?

1.1 Pool selection?

The pool should be built in an area with flat terrain, little silt, sufficient water source, good water quality, no pollution, and convenient water supply and drainage. It is suitable to have an area of ??5 to 8 acres with a muddy bottom and a water depth of 2m. Each pond is equipped with 2 to 3 2.2kW aerators. Old ponds need to be cleared of sludge and weeds or plowed to expose the bottom to the sun. ?

1.2 Pond clearing and disinfection?

20 days before the seedlings are released into the pond, 15 to 20cm of water should be soaked in the pond, and a clearing agent should be sprayed throughout the pond to kill harmful microorganisms. For some newly excavated ponds and some aging ponds with poor water exchange capacity, in order to prevent the explosive reproduction of harmful algae in the middle and later stages of breeding, attention should be paid to the use of algaecide agents in advance, such as Algaecide King, Caocaojing and other chemical killing ponds. Harmful algae on the bottom. ?

1.3 Purify the incoming water and adjust the salinity?

The shrimp pond receives water after cleaning and disinfection. When receiving water, it needs to be filtered through a 60-80 mesh mesh to prevent harmful organisms from entering. After 80-100cm of water has entered, the water body should be disinfected, and powerful bacterial toxins and other drugs should be used to kill water viruses. At the same time, use a sprayer to disinfect the pool with drugs, and increase the concentration of the drug appropriately. The salinity of the pond should be consistent with the desalination salinity of the shrimp seedlings in the nursery. ?

1.4 Fertilizer and water?

Using Xia Teli has a comprehensive effect. Once the shrimp is put into the pond, diatoms will be cultivated in 2 to 3 days. After cultivating basic biological bait, the water quality must meet the following requirements before releasing seedlings. ?

1.4.1 Visual inspection: The color of the pool water has turned into yellowish brown, dark brown, or yellowish green, and the transparency is about 25cm. ?

1.4.2 Instrumental measurement Use a microscope to observe the density of microorganisms, and use a water quality analysis box to detect various water quality indicators. Release seedlings after meeting the requirements. ?

.5 Set up an aerator?

The impeller-type aerator has the best effect and should be installed in the deep water of the pool. Within one month of planting seedlings, turn on the machine once a day at noon and before dawn, for 2 to 3 hours each time. After a month, the phone was turned on at noon and before dawn every day, for 3 hours at noon and about 10 hours before dawn. Increase the boot time and frequency on cloudy and rainy days. In the later stage of breeding, the machine should be turned on for no less than 20 hours a day. ?

2 Shrimp seedlings?

2.1 Selection of shrimp seedlings?

2.1.1 What principles should be followed when purchasing grass shrimp seedlings?

①Purchase high-health shrimp seedlings (HHS) or shrimp seedlings that have been monitored as virus-free by the Shrimp Disease Testing Center. ?

② Seedlings grown without high-temperature seedlings or excessive use of antibiotics. ?

2.1.2 Individual shrimp larvae should be uniform. The body length of shrimp larvae in the same batch should be 1.0 to 1.2cm. Those with clean body surface, strong vitality and long and slender abdominal segments are considered good shrimp larvae. ?

2.1.3 The two small tentacles at the front of healthy shrimp larvae are close together and occasionally separated, but they can be closed immediately. Those that cannot be closed are poor shrimp larvae. The tail fan of healthy shrimp larvae is open. ?

2.1.4 Healthy shrimp fry have "wall-sticking behavior". If you use a spoon to scoop up shrimp fry, the strong shrimp fry will quickly swim to the side of the spoon and stick to the wall of the spoon without moving. If they swim around in the water, they are unhealthy shrimp fry. ?

2.1.5 Take out a few shrimp larvae with a body length of about 1cm from the nursery pond, bury them in a wet towel for 5 minutes, take them out and put them back into the original water. If there is no impact on the survival rate, High quality shrimp seedlings. ?

2.2 Stocking of shrimp seedlings?

2.2.1 The water body must be disinfected before releasing the seedlings, so that the water environment of the shrimp seedlings in the nursery and the water environment of the breeding pond are safe within the range. In addition, pay attention to the water testing process before stocking. After 1 to 2 days of water testing, if the pond water environment has no impact on the survival rate of shrimp seedlings, you can release seedlings in batches. ?

2.2.2 Things to note when releasing seedlings: ?

① The location for releasing seedlings should be on the wind-sheltered side of the shrimp pond. Do not release seedlings into the wind or in shallow water.

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②Do not release seedlings if the weather is bad. Seedlings should be released at 8 to 9 o'clock in the morning on a sunny day or when the sun sets in the afternoon. Do not release seedlings at noon. ?

③Don’t rush to release seedlings if the pond is not cleared completely. ?

④Do not release seedlings in shrimp ponds if the water color or water quality is not good. ?

2.3 Stocking density?

The stocking density should be between 8 000 and 12 000/mu. Since the conditions of each pond are different, the amount of seedlings can be increased or decreased according to the actual situation. . ?

3 Management during the growing period?

“Raising shrimp means raising water” has become the experience of the majority of shrimp farmers. Maintain good water quality to facilitate shrimp feeding and promote shrimp molting and growth. ?

3.1 Water quality?

The optimal range of water quality in grass shrimp cultivation ponds is shown in the table below?

The measurement items have poor adaptability range?

PH 8～9 Below 7.5 or above 9.5?

Dissolved oxygen (7～10)×10-6 3×10-6 below or 12×10-6?

Salt Degree 0.015～0.025 Below 0.010 or above 0.035?

Nonionic ammonia (NH3-N) (0.1～0.5)×10-6 0.6×10-6 or above?

Phosphoric acid Salt (PO4-P) (0.2～0.4)×10-6 0.6×10-6 or more?

Hydrogen sulfide (0～0.2)×10-6 0.6×10-6 or more?

Nitrite (0.01～0.05)×10-6 0.06×10-6 or more?

3.2 Change water?

The amount of water change should follow the following principles:?

① Change less during the day and more at night. ?

②The weather will change less often when it is sunny and more often when it will be cloudy. ?

③ Change less when there is wind and more when there is no wind. ?

④ Change less in large pools and more in small pools. ?

⑤ If the density is small, replace it less, if the density is large, replace it. ?

⑥Change more if the biomass is too high, otherwise change less. ?

⑦ If the water color is too thick and the transparency is lower than 20cm, change it again. ?

⑧ Change the water less when the water temperature is lower than 20℃, and change more when the water temperature is higher than 32℃. ?

⑨ Water fixtures with fishy odor must be completely replaced. If they cannot be replaced, "water quality improvement essence" and "fish and shrimp pond cleaning safety" must be used for comprehensive treatment. ?

⑩When adding and changing water, drain it first and then fill it. For ponds using well water, be careful to absorb poisons such as chromium and heavy metals. ?

3.3 Water color control and management during the growth period?

3.3.1 Water color The so-called water color refers to the color of the pool water under sunlight. The water color during the breeding period can be summarized as follows:?

① Reddish-brown water mainly contains diatoms. It is the best water color for shrimp farming. ?

②Light green and emerald green water mainly contains green algae. When green algae reproduce in large numbers, they can absorb a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer from the water and purify the water quality. Therefore, shrimps grow quickly in green water bodies. This water color is also the desired water color in breeding. ?

③Dark green water mainly contains blue-green algae. Aging ponds are prone to occur. In this water body, shrimps can still survive, but the disease rate is high. ?

④Dark brown and soy sauce color water mainly contains dinoflagellates, etc. It is easy to occur in aging ponds with improper feeding and deteriorating substrate. Some dinoflagellates secrete paralyzing neurotoxins that can poison and kill shrimps. This kind of water color is a management disorder, which is mainly caused by excessive feeding of inferior feed, an increase in the amount of residual feed, an increase in dissolved and suspended organic matter, and the proliferation of brown algae. ?

⑤Yellow water mainly contains golden dinoflagellates. This water color is not suitable for shrimp and fish farming, but it is suitable for the growth of clam seedlings. The water should be changed immediately to increase dissolved oxygen, at least to turn the water color into yellow with green. ?

⑥White and turbid water: mainly contains ciliates and other zooplankton and clay particles or organic debris. With this kind of water color, shrimps are prone to diseases, so be careful to change the water color. ?

⑦The yellowish turbid white water is caused by rainwater washing away the fine clay on the embankment and entering the pond. It is not suitable for shrimp farming.

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⑧Clear water lacks phytoplankton due to lack of nutrients or is polluted by heavy metals, so it is not conducive to shrimp farming. ?

3.3.2 Measures to change water color?

① Increase drainage and add disinfected water. ?

②Use shrimp or seawater auxin to forcefully propagate beneficial algae and change the water color. ?

③Use Shrimp Toxin or Algae Killer to kill algae and disinfect, and wait until the efficacy period has passed. ?

④Use the probiotic drug "Fish and Shrimp Savior" to improve the bottom of the pond. ?

3.4 Feeding?

3.4.1 Feeding amount Accurate and reasonable feeding should be carried out according to the physiological needs of the shrimp at each growth stage and the living conditions at that time. The daily feeding amount (compound feed) of grass shrimp is generally calculated based on the weight of each tail. For 1g body weight, the feeding amount is 16 of the body weight, for 2g the body weight is 14, for 3g the body weight is 12, for 5g the body weight is 10, for 8g the body weight is 8, for 15-20g the body weight is 6-5, for 20-30g the body weight is 5, and for 30g or more is 4. ?

3.4.2 Feeding Principles According to the living habits of grass shrimps that lie dormant during the day and emerge at night, the following principles should be mastered in feeding?

① Feeding should be done more often and in smaller amounts every day , sprinkle evenly. ?

② Feed more at night and less during the day. The amount of feed fed at night accounts for 65% of the total daily feed amount, and the amount of feed fed during the day accounts for 35%. ?

③ When the weather is bad, invest less and when the weather is good, invest more. ?

④ Use less or no water when the water temperature is higher than 34℃ and lower than 20℃. Add more water when the water temperature is 27 to 31°C. ?

⑤ If the water quality is poor, add less; if the water quality is good, add more. ?

⑥ When using medicine, add less or no medicine. If the feed deteriorates, it cannot be added. ?

⑦ Do not invest in strong windy weather, and invest less when shrimps are molting in large quantities. ?

⑧No feeding from 10:00 to 16:00 every day during high temperature season. ?

⑨The amount of feed should be increased by 20% on the first day after molting, and then feed as normal. ?

⑩ Do not invest when there are heavy storms, do not invest when the water quality deteriorates, and do not invest when shrimps float. ?

3.5 Disease prevention and control?

Disease prevention and control should focus on prevention. Use shrimp poisoning spirit to disinfect every 15 days in the early stage, every 10 days in the middle stage, and every 7 days in the later stage. Disinfect in time after strong winds and heavy rains, and disinfect in time if the water quality is abnormal. In addition: Pay attention to regular pond patrols, observe shrimp activities, and deal with problems in a timely manner if problems are found. ?

At present, there are many reasons why it is difficult to fundamentally solve the current shrimp diseases. For example, farmers pay attention to environmental and water quality issues, but neglect to enhance the immunity of shrimps. Once shrimp diseases are discovered, hearsay Drug abuse. In addition, there are many external factors that cause shrimp diseases. ?

①Excessive rainfall, more cloudy days, drastic changes in water temperature, and excessive temperature differences. ?

②The substrate deteriorates and harmful algae reproduce excessively. ?

③Insufficient basic biological feed, poor nutrition of synthetic feed, slow growth, no molting, and reduced disease resistance. ?

④The environment is deteriorating and there are many pathogenic factors. ?

⑤ Technical management operations are extensive. ?

⑥The seeds released are diseased and unhealthy, which brings difficulties to breeding. ?

For the above reasons, shrimp farming technicians and farmers believe that effective preventive measures must be taken to combat the epidemic of shrimp diseases, which is to establish a high-health shrimp farming system (HHSS), referred to as healthy shrimp farming. . This is a breeding system that organically combines the selection of healthy broodstock, the cultivation of healthy shrimp seedlings, the comprehensive regulation of the breeding environment, the selection of efficient and high-quality feed, and the establishment of a scientific breeding model, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of diseases. , to achieve the sustainable development of shrimp farming industry. ?

3.6 Harvest shrimp at the right time?

Mainly focus on shortening the shrimp farming cycle. Generally, after 80 to 90 days of breeding, when the pond shrimp reaches a size of about 40 shrimp/kg, the shrimp should be harvested in time to prevent losses caused by sudden changes in temperature. ?