Contents 1 Pinyin 2 English reference 3 Overview 4 Latin name 5 English name 6 Alias ??of myrrh 7 Source 8 Place of origin 9 Nature and taste tropism 10 Efficacy and indications of myrrh 11 Contraindications 12 Chemistry of myrrh Ingredients 13 Pharmacological effects of myrrh 14 Myrrh allergy 14.1 Symptoms of myrrh allergic reaction 14.2 Treatment 15 "National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine": Myrrh 15.1 Pinyin name 15.2 Alias ??of myrrh 15.3 Source 15.4 Properties 15.5 Preparation 15.6 Nature and taste 15.7 Function and indication 15.8 Usage and dosage of myrrh 15.9 Remarks 15.10 Excerpt 16 "Chinese Materia Medica": Myrrh 16.1 Source 16.2 Pinyin name 16.3 English name 16.4 Alias ??of myrrh 16.5 Source 16.6 Original form 16.7 Habitat distribution 16.8 Properties 16.9 Chemical composition 16.10 Pharmacological effects of myrrh 16.11 Identification 16.12 Processing 16.13 Nature and flavor 16.14 Meridian tropism 16.15 Function and indication 16.16 Usage and dosage of myrrh 16.17 Notes 16.18 Discussions by various experts 16.19 Excerpt 17 Pharmacopoeia standards of myrrh 17.1 Product name 17.2 Source 17.3 Properties 17.3.1 Colloidal myrrh 17.4 Identification 17.5 Check 17.5 .1 Impurities 17.5.2 Total ash 17.5.3 Acid-insoluble ash 17.6 Content determination 17.7 Myrrh decoction pieces 17.7.1 Processing 17.7.2 Inspection 17.7.2.1 Acid-insoluble ash 17.7.3 Content determination 17.7.4 Identification 17.7.5 Properties and taste Meridian tropism 17.7.6 Functions and indications 17.7.7 Usage and dosage 17.7.8 Notes 17.7.9 Storage 17.8 Source 18 References attached: 1 Prescriptions using the traditional Chinese medicine myrrh 2 Chinese patent medicines using the traditional Chinese medicine myrrh 3 Ancient books Myrrh 1 Pinyin

mò yào 2 English reference

gum myrrh [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]

myrrh [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]

Commiphora myrrha [21st Century Bilingual Science and Technology Dictionary]

myrrha [Xiangya Medical Professional Dictionary]

Myrrha (La) [TCM terminology] Approval Committee. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]

myrrh [Approval Committee of Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)] 3 Overview

Myrrh is the name of a traditional Chinese medicine, published in "Properties of Medicine" Argument".

It is the oleo gum resin exuded from the bark of the olive plant Commiphora myrrha Engl. (Commiphora molmol Engl.) and the trunk of plants of the same genus [1].

"The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" (2010 edition) records the pharmacopoeia standards of this traditional Chinese medicine. 4 Latin name

Myrrha (La) ("Terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)") 5 English name

myrrh ("Terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)") 6 Alias ??of myrrh

The final medicine. 7 Sources

Myrrh is the oleo gum resin exuded from the trunk bark of the olive plant Commiphora myrrha Engl. (Commiphora molmol Engl.) and the same species [1].

Myrrh is the oleo-gum resin exuded from the bark of the stems of the olive plant Commiphora myrrha Engl. and several other species of the same genus [2]. 8 Origin

Myrrh is mainly produced in tropical Africa and West Asia, and is now introduced in Guangxi [2]. 9. Meridian distribution of nature and flavor

Myrrh has a bitter taste and a neutral nature; it enters the heart, liver, and spleen meridians [2]. 10 Efficacy and Indications of Myrrh

Myrrh has the effects of promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, reducing swelling and promoting muscle growth [2]:

Myrrh can treat chest and abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, and amenorrhea. Symptoms include bruises, bruises, carbuncles, intestinal carbuncles, red and swollen eyes: take orally, decoction, 3 to 10g; or take into pills or powder [2].

Grind myrrh into powder and apply it to treat ulcers that will not close for a long time [2]. 11 Contraindications

Pregnant women should not take myrrh [2]. 12 Chemical composition of myrrh

Myrrh contains α-bisalic acid and β-bisabolic acid (Heerabomyrrholic acid), α-bisalic acid, β-bisalic acid and γ-bisabolic acid (Commiphoric acid). , Commiphorinic acid, α-Heerabomyrrhol and β-Heerabomyrrhol, Heeraboresene. It also contains volatile oils, whose components are eugenol, resocresol, cumaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde, heerabolene, etc. [2]. 13 Pharmacological effects of myrrh

Myrrh water infusion has an inhibitory effect on dermatophytes such as Trichophyton viola[2].

The volatile oil of myrrh also mildly inhibits skin fungi.

Myrrh can also reduce blood cholesterol levels in rabbits, rats and chickens, and has anti-inflammatory effects [2]. 14 Myrrh allergy

The main ingredients of myrrh are resin, gum and volatile oil. The latter contains eugenol, etc., which has the effects of promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, reducing swelling and promoting muscle growth [3]. The dosage of this medicine for oral decoction is 3~9g/d[3]. 14.1 Symptoms of allergic reactions to myrrh

The main adverse reactions of myrrh are allergic reactions, such as facial flushing, miliary papules all over the body, and extreme itching. It can also cause gastrointestinal reactions, such as nausea and vomiting [ 3]. 14.2 Treatment

The key points of treatment for myrrh allergy are [3]:

Anti-allergy and symptomatic treatment. 15 "Compilation of National Chinese Herbal Medicine": Myrrh 15.1 Pinyin name

Mò Yào 15.2 Alias ??of myrrh

Source of the final medicine, Mingmyrrh 15.3

Olive family The oleo-gum resin exuded from the trunk bark of Commiphora myrrha Engl.[C. molmol Engl.] and other plants of the genus Myrrh.

It is usually harvested from November to February of the following year, but it is also harvested from June to July. After harvesting, the bark and other impurities are sorted out. 15.4 Characteristics

The initial exudation is a yellow-white liquid, which gradually turns into a reddish-brown hard lump in the air. 15.5 Processing

Mash the original medicine and fry until it is burnt black. After part of the volatile oil has evaporated, cool it slightly and mash it into small pieces. 15.6 Nature and flavor

Bitter, flat. 15.7 Functional Indications

Dispersing blood stasis and relieving pain, external use for reducing swelling and promoting muscle growth. It is used for bruises, bruises, swelling and pain, carbuncle swelling and pain, chest and abdominal pain; external use to treat sores that have not converged for a long time. 15.8 Usage and dosage of myrrh

1 to 4 qian; appropriate amount for external use, mixed into powder or ointment and applied to the affected area. 15.9 Remarks

(1) This product has similar functions to frankincense, so it is often used in conjunction with each other. 15.10 Excerpt

"Compilation of National Chinese Herbal Medicine" 16 "Chinese Materia Medica": Myrrh 16.1 Source

From "Compendium of Materia Medica".

"Ben Cao Tu Jing": Myrrh was born in Persia, and may be found in the countries of Hainan and Guangzhou today. The roots and branches of the wood are like olives, and the leaves are green and dense. Over time, the ointment drips on the ground and condenses into lumps, big or small, similar to benzoin. 16.2 Pinyin name

Mò Yào 16.3 English name

Myrrh 16.4 Alias ??of myrrh

The last medicine. 16.5 Source

Medicinal material source: It is the oleo gum resin exuded from the bark of the trunk of the olive plant Myrrh tree and plants of the same genus.

Latin plant and animal mineral name: Commiphora myrrha Engl.[C.molmol Engl.]

Harvesting and storage: Harvested from November to February of the following year. The resin can naturally ooze out from the cracks in the bark; or the bark can be cut, allowing the oil gum resin to ooze out from the wound. It appears as a light yellowish white viscous liquid at first, and gradually solidifies into a reddish brown lump when exposed to air. After harvesting, remove impurities and store in a dry and ventilated place. 16.6 Original form

Myrrh tree is a low shrub or tree, about 3m high. The trunk is thick, with many irregular and pointed thick branches; the bark is thin, smooth, peeling off in small flakes, light orange-brown, and later turns gray. The leaves are scattered or clustered, single or three compound leaves; the leaflets are oblong-ovate or oblanceolate, the central one is 718mm long and 45mm wide, much larger than the two pairs on both sides, blunt-headed, entire or slightly tapered at the end. Sawtooth. Flowers are small, clustered on short branches; calyx is cup-shaped, persistent, with 4 blunt teeth; corolla is white, 4-petaled, oblong or linear-oblong, upright; stamens are 8, extending from the edge of the short cup-shaped disk Out, upright, unequal length; ovary 3-chambered, style short and thick, stigma capitate. The drupe is oval, pointed, smooth, brown, and the outer fruit is leathery or fleshy. There are 13 seeds, but only one is mature and the rest have shrunk. Flowering season is summer. 16.7 Habitat distribution

Ecological environment: Born on hillside areas with an altitude of 500-1500m.

Resource distribution: distributed in tropical Africa and western Asia. 16.8 Properties

Characteristic identification: This product is in the form of irregular granules or agglomerates, with a diameter of about 2.5cm, and some are smaller or larger. The surface is alternately yellow-brown to reddish-brown or yellow-brown, with matte or sometimes matte parts alternating with shiny parts. Sometimes bark and sawdust are included. The texture is hard and brittle, the broken surface is granular, and has an oily luster. The broken flakes are shiny or translucent. The smell is fragrant and peculiar, the taste is extremely bitter, and it sticks to the teeth when chewed. The ones with large pieces, brownish red, strong aroma and few impurities are better.

16.9 Chemical composition

Contains 25% 35% resin, 2.5% 9% volatile oil, about 57% 65% gum. Most of the resin can be dissolved in ether, and the insoluble part a and β-heerabomyrrholic acid acid), the soluble part contains a, β and γ miphoric acid, miphorinic acid, a and β heerabomyrrhol, and also contains heeraboresene and myrrh terpene Alcohol (miferin). Volatile oils easily become resinous in the air and contain eugenol, mcresol, cuminaldehyde, pinene, limonene, cinnamic aldehyde, and myrrh. heerabolene, etc., and contains a variety of furan sesquiterpenes: 8a methoxyfuranodiene (8amethoxyfuranodiene), 8a acetylfuranodiene (8aacetylfuranodiene), curzerene, isofruanogermacrene, Lindestrene, furanoeude *** a1,3diene, furanodiene. Trans and cis 4,17 (20) progesterone 3,16 dione (E, Zguggulsterone). The gum is hydrolyzed to produce arabinose, galactose and xylose. 16.10 Pharmacological effects of myrrh

The water immersion agent of myrrh (1:2) was effective in vitro against various pathogens such as Trichophyton violaris, Trichophyton concentricum, and Flavophyton xanthophyton. Disease fungi have varying degrees of inhibitory effects. The antibacterial effect of myrrh may be related to the presence of eugenol, see clove bar. The oleoresin part can reduce the blood cholesterol content of male rabbits with hypercholesterolemia (caused by feeding hydrogenated vegetable oil), prevent plaque formation, and also reduce the weight of rabbits. Like other oleoresinous substances, myrrh (generally in tincture) has some local antibacterial properties and is used in oral lotions and also in cases of gastrointestinal weakness to stimulate bowel movements. The water immersion agent is diluted in a test tube at a ratio of 1:2, which has an inhibitory effect on skin fungi such as Trichophyton violaris. The volatile oil contained has a mild inhibitory effect on mold. Femoral artery injection of 20 mg/kg myrrh decoction can increase femoral artery blood flow and decrease vascular resistance in anesthetized dogs. 16.11 Identification

Physical and chemical identification (1) This product is ground with water to form a yellow-brown emulsion.

(2) The ether extract or volatile oil of this product is placed in an evaporating dish. After the acetic acid evaporates, the film-like residue at the bottom of the dish will appear purple-red after being fumigated with bromine or fuming nitric acid vapor. . (Check volatile oil) (3) Take a little powder of this product and add a few drops of freshly prepared vanillic acid test solution. Those with high volatile oil content will immediately appear purple-red, while those with low volatile oil content will initially appear yellow and gradually turn into purple-red. (Check volatile oil) 16.12 Processing

Myrrh: remove impurities and break into pieces. Preparation of myrrh: Put the cleaned myrrh into a pot and stir-fry over low heat until the surface melts slightly, take it out and let it cool. Or fry until the surface is slightly melted, spray rice vinegar, continue frying until the outer layer is bright and translucent, take it out and let it cool (for every 100 kilograms of myrrh, use 6 kilograms of vinegar); when the myrrh and water fly over, use a bowl to sit in hot water. , grind it together with the core of the lamp, it will be easy to fine. 16.13 Nature and flavor

Bitter; flat 16.14 Meridian

Liver; spleen; heart; kidney meridian 16.15 Functions and Indications

Promote blood circulation and relieve pain; reduce swelling and promote muscle growth. Mainly used for chest and abdominal stasis and pain; dysmenorrhea; amenorrhea; lumps; bruises; carbuncle ulcers; intestinal abscesses; red and swollen eyes 16.16 Usage and dosage of myrrh

Oral administration: decoction, 310g; Or take it into pills or powder. External use: appropriate amount, grind into powder and apply.

16.17 Notes

1. Pregnant women should not take this product.

2. "Compendium of Materia Medica": It should not be used by those with joint pain, pain in the chest, abdomen, and ribs, and blood deficiency due to non-stasis of blood. It should not be used by those with excessive lochia removal after childbirth and abdominal pain. It should not be used if the carbuncle has ulcerated. It should not be used by those with red eyes and skin nebula who are not blood-heated. 16.18 Discussions by various experts

1. "Compendium of Materia Medica": Myrrh can relieve stagnant blood and relieve pain caused by bruises and bruises. It can be taken with wine. When blood is stagnant, Qi will be blocked, and when Qi is blocked, the meridians will be full and urgent, and the meridians will be full and urgent, so there will be pain and swelling. If the muscles are swollen due to beating, the meridians are injured, the qi and blood are not working properly, and the blood is clogged, so it is like this.

2. "Introduction to Medicine": Dongyuan said that myrrh is used to treat sores and loose blood. This medicine can break old blood, reduce swelling and relieve pain, and is a wonderful medicine for sores.

3. "Compendium of Materia Medica": frankincense activates blood circulation, and myrrh disperses blood. Both of them can relieve pain, reduce swelling and promote muscle growth, so the two drugs are often used together.

4. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Compendium of Materia Medica" states that myrrh has a bitter taste and is non-toxic. However, it should be pungent and the Qi should be slightly cold. All malignant sores and hemorrhoids are caused by stasis of blood heat and blood stasis. External wounds caused by gold blades and sticks cause sores, and the flesh and blood are also affected. Blood and flesh injuries result in blood stasis, fever and pain. This medicine can relieve bitterness, disperse pungency, and remove heat when cold. Water belongs to yin, blood also belongs to yin, and they follow each other, so it can enter the blood, disperse blood stasis, and treat blood-heat sores and sudden bleeding. If the blood heat in the liver meridian is hot, the eyes will be painful and the skin will be cloudy. If the blood heat in the liver meridian is dispersed, the eye disease will be cured.

5. "Treatise on the Properties of Medicine": Mainly used for injuries caused by fluttering, blood stasis in close friends and relatives, injuries caused by injuries and falls, blood stasis and pain in muscles and bones, injuries caused by gold blades, and unbearable pain, all treated with wine.

6. "Sea Medicine Materia Medica": It is used to treat broken horses and broken horses. It can produce good blood. Grind it well and mix it with hot wine. Abortion, pain in the heart and abdomen, bleeding hemorrhoids, postpartum blood and gas pain, should be taken as pills or powder.

7. "Rihuazi Materia Medica": breaks the crux and accumulated blood, and reduces swelling and toxins.

8. "Kaibao Materia Medica": Mainly used to break blood and relieve pain. Treats cane sores, malignant sores, hemorrhoids, bleeding, dizziness in the eyes, pain in the eyes, and red skin.

9. Wang Haogu: Treats heart deficiency and liver blood deficiency.

10. "Compendium of Materia Medica": dispersing blood, reducing swelling, relieving pain and promoting muscle growth.

11. "Compendium of Materia Medica": Taking it for a long time can relax the fascia, open the blood vessels, strengthen the teeth, and grow the beard and hair. 16.19 Excerpt

"Chinese Materia Medica" 17 Pharmacopoeia Standard of Myrrh 17.1 Product Name

Myrrh

Moyao

MYRRHA 17.2 Source

This product is the dried resin of Commiphora myrrha Engl. or Commiphora molmol Engl. of the olive family plant. Divided into natural myrrh and colloidal myrrh. 17.3 Properties

Natural myrrh is in the form of irregular granular clumps of varying sizes. The larger ones are more than 6cm in diameter. The surface is yellow-brown or reddish-brown, and the nearly translucent part is brown-black, covered with yellow dust. The texture is hard and brittle, the broken surface is uneven and dull. It has a special aroma and tastes bitter and slightly pungent. 17.3.1 Colloidal Myrrh

It is in the shape of irregular lumps and granules, often bonded into clumps of varying sizes. The larger ones are more than 6cm in diameter, with a brown to tan surface, opaque, and Solid or loose, with a specific aroma, bitter and sticky taste. 17.4 Identification

(1) Take 0.1g of this product powder, add 3ml of ether, shake, filter, put the filtrate in an evaporating dish, evaporate the ether, and add nitric acid dropwise to the remaining yellow liquid. Appears brownish purple.

(2) Take a small amount of the powder of this product and add a few drops of vanillin test solution. Natural myrrh will immediately appear red, and then turn into reddish purple, while colloidal myrrh will immediately appear purple. Then it turns blue-purple.

(3) Take an appropriate amount of volatile oil under [Content Determination], add cyclohexane to prepare a solution containing 10 mg of natural myrrh or 50 mg of colloidal myrrh per 1 ml, as the test solution.

In addition, take 2g each of natural myrrh reference medicinal material or colloidal myrrh reference medicinal material, add 2ml of cyclohexane according to the volatile oil determination method (Appendix After standing for 2.5 hours, take the cyclohexane solution as the control medicinal solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VI B of Pharmacopoeia 2010 Edition) test, draw 4 μl of each of the above two solutions, and spot them on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, using cyclohexane-ethyl ether (4:1) as the developing agent , unfold, take out, dry, immediately spray with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, and heat at 105°C until the spots become clear. In the chromatogram of the test product, spots of the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal material. 17.5 Inspection 17.5.1 Impurities

Natural myrrh should not exceed 10, and colloidal myrrh should not exceed 15 (Appendix IX A of the 2010 edition of the Pharmacopoeia). 17.5.2 Total ash content

It shall not exceed 5.0 (2010 edition of Pharmacopoeia, Appendix IX K). 17.5.3 Acid-insoluble ash

Must not exceed 10.0 (2010 edition of Pharmacopoeia, Appendix IX K). 17.6 Content determination

Take 20g of this product (excluding impurities) and measure it according to the volatile oil determination method (2010 edition of Pharmacopoeia, Appendix X D B method).

This product contains volatile oil, natural myrrh, not less than 4.0 (ml/g), colloidal myrrh not less than 2.0 (ml/g). 17.7 Myrrh slices 17.7.1 Preparation

Vinegar myrrh? Take the clean myrrh and fry it according to the vinegar method (2010 edition of Pharmacopoeia, Appendix II D) until the surface is bright.

For every 100kg of myrrh, use 5kg of vinegar.

This product is in the shape of irregular small pieces or round granules, with a tan or dark brown surface and a glossy surface. It has a unique aroma, slightly vinegary aroma, and tastes bitter and slightly pungent. 17.7.2 Inspection 17.7.2.1 Acid-insoluble ash

It shall not exceed 8.0 (2010 edition of Pharmacopoeia, Appendix IX K). 17.7.3 Content determination

Same as medicinal materials, the volatile oil content shall not be less than 2.0 (ml/g). 17.7.4 Identification

Same as medicinal materials. 17.7.5 Nature, flavor and meridians

Pungent, bitter, mild. Guixin, liver, spleen meridians. 17.7.6 Functions and indications

Dissipates blood stasis, relieves pain, reduces swelling and promotes muscle growth. Used for chest pain and heartache. Epigastric pain, dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea. Postpartum blood stasis, abdominal pain, rheumatic arthralgia, bruises, carbuncles and sores. 17.7.7 Usage and dosage

3~5g, process to remove oil, and mix into pills for powdering. 17.7.8 Note

Pregnant women and those with weak stomachs should use with caution. 17.7.9 Storage

Store in a cool and dry place. 17.8 Source

"The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" 2010 Edition 18