According to modern scientific analysis, the content of protein, vitamins and iron in dried auricularia auricula is very high, and its protein contains many kinds of amino acids, especially lysine and leucine. [2]
Chinese name
(edible) black fungus
scientific name
Auricularia auricula
another/alternative name
Auricularia auricula, Auricularia auricula and Auricularia auricula
door
Basidiomycetes
outline
Agaricus
fast
navigate
morphological character
distribution range
Planting points
nutritional ingredient
chemical composition
Main value
Medicinal function
product
cookbook
Nutritional components of food
category
Auricularia auricula grows on broad-leaved trees such as oak, elm, poplar, banyan and acacia, or on rotten wood and coniferous fir, which can cause wood decay. Auricularia auricula grown on different trees have different appellations and different functions. According to "Compendium of Materia Medica", Sang Er is mainly used to treat women with red and white discharge, abdominal lumps and swelling due to blood diseases, and can also cure nosebleeds, diarrhea due to intestinal wind, benefit the five internal organs, regulate gastrointestinal qi and expel toxic gas. Auricularia auricula is mainly used to treat proctoptosis of five hemorrhoids, bleeding for heartache, sores and pains in women's vagina, wind and blood, and strength. Willow ears tonify stomach and regulate qi. In addition, other auricularia auricula have their own therapeutic characteristics. [3]
(edible) black fungus
morphological character
Auricularia auricula is leaflike or forest-like, with wavy edges, thin, 2 ~ 6 cm wide and about 2mm thick, and is fixed on the substrate with lateral short stalks or narrow bases. At the beginning, it is soft colloid, sticky and elastic, and then it is slightly cartilaginous. After drying, it shrinks strongly and turns into black hard and brittle keratin to nearly leathery. The outer edge of the back is arc-shaped, purple-brown to dark blue-gray, with sparse short fluff. [4]
(edible) black fungus
distribution range
Auricularia auricula is cold-resistant and sensitive to temperature, so it is mostly distributed in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, mainly in China, Japan and other countries in Asia, among which China has a high yield. In China, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hubei, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi and other provinces and regions all have artificial cultivation and natural auricularia auricula growth. [4]
Planting points
Traditionally, Auricularia auricula was cultivated as a piece of wood. After the successful substitute cultivation in the late 1980s, substitute cultivation became the main cultivation method of Auricularia auricula. [5]
Auricularia auricula planting process Auricularia auricula planting has a very precise process, among which the following aspects are the main ones:
Selection and construction of ear field
For the selection of ear field, the main conditions are good ventilation and sunshine, and it is convenient for irrigation and drainage, and attention should be paid to staying away from pollution sources. In the construction of the ear field, we should pay attention to the choice of iron wire for the bedstead, which can save raw materials, achieve better ventilation and light transmission, and be recycled. The setting of water spraying is mainly overhead treatment, which can make the effect of water spraying more uniform and save water resources. Water spraying equipment needs to be arranged before ostentation. [6]
Mixing material
The mixing of auricularia auricula is to evenly stir the main ingredients, calcium carbonate and bran, and then adjust the water content to about 50%. [6]
bagging
The material of the bag is low-pressure polyethylene, and the specification is/kloc-0 14.7m×53cm×0.05cm The bag should be dense enough not to feel soft, and the culture material of each bag should be about1.5kg.. [6]
inoculate
Before this link, it is necessary to put down the hanging curtain of the fungus cultivation shed, and then, pay attention to disinfect the inoculation box for more than half an hour, clean and expose the inoculation needle and sleeve, and then disinfect and scrub with alcohol. The fungus can be soaked in 300 times of clotrimazole for about 5 minutes. After that, it can be dried in the sun. Inoculators should wash their hands with alcohol and dry them in the inoculation box after washing their hands. [6]
Cultivate bacteria
In the process of planting Auricularia auricula, this link is very important. The management of Auricularia auricula is the key to cultivate Auricularia auricula, mainly to control the temperature in the shed reasonably, which is directly related to the survival of mycelium. Therefore, we should pay attention to strict control and the temperature must meet the actual standards. With regard to mycelium placement, mainly after inoculation, the mushroom sticks should be placed in a "one-word" firewood stacking way, and the single mushroom sticks with three holes and four holes should be inoculated, and it should be noted that the scar mouth is placed upward. The scar mouth of two-way inoculation needs to face both sides, and the stack is about 7 stories high. On the top layer, attention should be paid to shading the inoculation mouth to avoid yellow water. [6]
Cultivation map of auricularia auricula
nutritional ingredient
Auricularia auricula is not only tender and delicious, but also rich in nutrition. It enjoys the reputation of "the meat of vegetarian food" and "the king of vegetarian food" and is a prestigious tonic. According to relevant investigation and analysis, every 100g of fresh auricularia contains protein 10.6g, fat 0.2g, carbohydrate 65.5g, cellulose 7g, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other vitamins and minerals, among which iron is the most abundant. It is more than 20 times higher than celery with the highest iron content in leafy vegetables and nearly 7 times higher than pig liver with the highest iron content in animal food, so it is known as the "iron champion" in food. In addition, the protein of Auricularia auricula contains a variety of amino acids, including lysine, leucine and other essential amino acids, which have high biological potency. Auricularia auricula is a kind of colloid fungus, which contains a lot of colloid, has a good lubricating effect on the digestive system of human body, can eliminate the residual food and indigestible fibrous substances in the stomach, and has a dissolving effect on foreign bodies such as wood residue and dust that are inadvertently eaten. Therefore, it is the first choice health food for cotton spinning workers and workers engaged in mining, dust and road protection. Phospholipids in auricularia auricula are nutrients for human brain cells and nerve cells, and are practical and cheap brain supplements for teenagers and mental workers.