Feeding method of Monopterus albus is a kind of fish of Monopterus albus, also known as eel, especially snake, snake fish and blood eel.
Monopterus albus lives underwater, likes to dig holes, and often digs holes in lakes, swamps, rivers, ponds, ditches, rice fields and other underwater or embankment to live. Monopterus albus caves are about three times as long as the body length, and the caves are curved and crossed. Each cave generally has more than two caves. The exit of the cave is often close to the water surface, so that it sticks its head out to breathe air. The activity habit of Monopterus albus is to lie in the cave during the day and go out at night, that is, to go out for food at night. You can catch it at night according to this habit. The gill of Monopterus albus is in a degraded state, and it mainly relies on epidermis and auxiliary respiratory organs to breathe oxygen directly from the air. Therefore, people can live normally in water with low oxygen content, and correspondingly, the density of artificial culture can be increased. Monopterus albus is rich in mucus, so long as it is kept moist, it will not die, and the transportation is very convenient.
Monopterus albus mainly feeds on benthic animals, such as water worms, snails, tadpoles, small fish and shrimps. In addition, they eat some rotten potato chips, seaweed, fruits and vegetables.
The breeding habits of Monopterus albus have many characteristics. The gonads of female Monopterus albus vary in size from left to right, with developed right side and degenerated left side. Generally, the accessibility of 2-year-old fish is mature. What is the biggest characteristic of Monopterus albus reproduction? Sex reversal? Phenomenon. From the embryonic stage to the first sexual maturity, they are all female individuals. After laying eggs, the ovary gradually becomes the testis, and the sperm is discharged at the second sexual maturity, and it is male for life. If divided by the body length of Monopterus albus, those whose body length is less than 22 cm are all females; About 36 cm, the number of male and female individuals accounted for1.5; Individuals over 53 cm are male. The spawning period of Monopterus albus is from April to August, and the spawning amount is small, generally about 500. When spawning, the parent fish often spits at the place where they dig holes, and the eggs are laid in the roots of aquatic plants or in the crevices near the holes. Foam has the function of preserving fish eggs. Generally, fertilized eggs hatch young fish in about 8 days, and the hatched young fish can swim and take the initiative to eat in about 12 days. During this period, the young fish are protected by male and female parents and nourished by yolk sac.
Monopterus albus grows slowly, and the fish of 1 can grow to 20 cm, the fish of 2 years can grow to 30 cm and the fish of 3 years can grow to 40 cm. The growth rate of cultured Monopterus albus is related to the adequacy of bait. In the case of sufficient bait, it generally grows faster than in nature.
The activity of Monopterus albus is closely related to the water temperature, and the suitable water temperature for its growth is 15 ~ 30℃. Stop eating when the water temperature is lower than 10℃ and enter hibernation; When the water temperature is above 15℃, normal predation begins; When the water temperature exceeds 30℃, enter the cave to escape the heat.
First, the static pool feeding method
Static pond culture is characterized by small water exchange capacity, and there is soil at the bottom of the pond for Monopterus albus to dig holes or artificially place objects for Monopterus albus to inhabit.
The location of the feeding pond should be leeward and sunny, with good water source, rectangular or oval shape, and the size depends on the feeding scale. There are two kinds of pond structures: cement pond and soil pond. There are usually three types of cement pools: above ground, underground and semi-underground. The water temperature in cement ponds on the ground changes greatly with the seasons, which is not conducive to raising eels. Underground and semi-underground are commonly used. The construction of the earthen pond should choose a place with hard soil, and it is best to spread a layer of linoleum on the bottom and wall of the pond, with tight corners, and then spread 20 cm (wall) and 10 cm (bottom) linoleum to prevent water leakage and eel escape. Whether it is a cement pool or a soil pool, it should be equipped with good water intake and drainage facilities. The inlet and outlet pipes are 4 ~ 10 cm in diameter, and the ports in the pool are provided with plastic nets or barbed wire to prevent escape.
After the completion of the adult eel pond, water should be injected into the pond for two purposes: first, to see if there is water leakage; The second is to use water absorption to remove harmful substances in cement and concrete. The new pond can be drained for 3 ~ 5 times and soaked for 2 ~ 3 days each time, which can basically remove harmful substances. 10 days later, spread 20 ~ 30 cm thick fertilizer mud on the bottom of the drained pond, which is made by uniformly mixing grass, manure and soil and retting. After the mud at the bottom of the pond is paved, aquatic plants such as water hyacinth, water peanut and water hyacinth are planted in the pond for cooling the eel pond and hiding eels. It is advisable to keep the water depth of Monopterus albus pond at 65438±00cm, with a maximum of 20 cm.
Seven days before the eel fry are stocked, the fish pond should be cleaned and disinfected, and 0.2 kg of quicklime should be used for every square meter of water surface to evenly spread the whole pond. After disinfection, clean water filled the whole pool. When stocking, the water temperature in the eel fry transport container should not be too different from that in the fish pond (3 ~ 5℃). The stocking density of eel depends on the size of eel fry, feeding and management conditions and the source of feed. Monopterus albus is generally raised in small fish ponds, and it is better to raise 2 ~ 5 kilograms of eel fry per square meter. Large stocking scale can reduce the quantity accordingly, while small stocking scale can increase the quantity accordingly. Enough feed can be put more, and insufficient feed can be put less. Monopterus albus has the habit of killing each other, so it should be stocked in different pools. We must choose healthy, harmless and tidy eel fry for stocking to avoid mixed culture. The best stocking scale is that the weight of each eel fry is about 20 grams, and it is not good to be too small or too big. Raising Monopterus albus in high density in fish ponds is the same as transportation. At the same time, properly stocking some loaches can increase the dissolved oxygen in the water when the loaches swim up and down, and prevent the eel from winding.
Monopterus albus at different growth stages should be fed different feeds to ensure its nutritional needs. The larvae just hatched for 4 ~ 5 days are mainly fed with Daphnia, cooked egg yolk and soybean milk, among which hydroponic live Daphnia and rotifer are the best. Therefore, at this time, it is mainly necessary to fertilize the water quality so that there are enough water fleas and rotifers in the fish pond for the eel fry to eat. If the stocking density of eel fry is high, it can also be cultured in another pond or fished out of natural waters for eating. Later, as eels grow up, they can gradually feed earthworms, snails and mussels. At the same time, it should be matched with some plant feeds, such as wheat bran, rice, fruits and vegetables. In the feed, earthworm has the best feeding effect, and every 5 ~ 6 grams of fresh earthworm can increase 1 gram of eel meat. Earthworms can be collected in the field, or raised and propagated in the garbage dump in front of and behind the house to provide food for Monopterus albus. Feed should adhere to "four fixings". Monopterus albus has the habit of foraging during the day and going out at night when it grows in nature. You can feed it every evening when you first raise it, and then feed it gradually early. After about 10 days of domestication, the eel was fed three times every day at 9: 00 am, 2: 00 pm and 6: 00 pm to ensure that the eel had enough bait. Each feeding should be flexibly controlled according to the weather, water temperature and the number of residual bait, which is generally 5% of the total weight of Monopterus albus.
Second, raise eels with running water.
Compared with conventional mud ponds, running water eel breeding has the advantages of less land occupation, high stocking density, fast growth, high yield, convenient management and fishing. Especially in places with geothermal water and factory surplus hot water, it is more beneficial to raise Monopterus albus with warm running water.
It is best to build a fishpond without soil and flowing water indoors, with cement bricks. The pool area is generally 2 ~ 5 square meters, and the pool wall is about 50 cm high. Several pools can be connected in series. Each pool is equipped with water intake and drainage holes (upper and lower drainage holes), and the holes are blocked with mesh covers. A main water inlet channel and a drainage channel are arranged between every two rows of pools. After the cement pool is built, close the main drainage hole, then fill it with water and soak it for more than 7 days to eliminate cement floating ash. Drain the water and then pour in clean water. Close the drain hole below, and only open the drain hole above, so as to keep the pool water at a certain depth with slight running water. If geothermal water or power plant cooling water is used, the water temperature must be manually controlled according to the temperature at that time, so that Monopterus albus can grow well at a suitable temperature. In order to prevent eel species from being infected with diseases, eel species should be soaked in malachite green solution of 10 mg/L for 30 minutes before stocking, and then put into cement pool in time after disinfection. Can put 4 ~ 5 kilograms per square meter. In order to make the eel species accustomed to artificial feeding, it can be domesticated, that is, the eel species are not fed for 2 ~ 3 days after stocking, so that the eel body becomes empty. When eels are hungry, the intake rate of artificial feed is higher. Animals and plants in the feed should be properly matched, and artificial pellet feed can also be fed. Due to the continuous supply of micro-flowing water, especially warm water with geothermal water and residual hot water, Monopterus albus can grow all the year round, and the annual output per hectare can be as high as 1.5 thousand kg. Although this kind of farming method has a large investment in infrastructure such as cement ponds, its economic benefits are also considerable because of its high output. Conditional areas can be adapted to local conditions.
Third, the running water eel and earthworm are raised together.
1, build a pool
Choose a place with perennial running water to build a pool. The swimming pool is a cement pool with an area of 30, 50 and 80 square meters. The height of the pond wall is 80 ~ 100 cm, and the water inlet and outlet are set on the diagonal, both of which are equipped with escape prevention equipment.
Step 2 pile up soil
Pile several soil beds with a width of 1, 5 and a thickness of 25 cm in the pool. The distance between beds is 20 cm, and the distance between beds and pond wall is 20 cm. The piled soil must be loam rich in organic matter, which is convenient for earthworm reproduction, rice field eel drilling and hiding.
Step 3 cultivate earthworms
After piling up soil, keep the water depth of the pond at 5- 10 cm, then put 2, 5-3 kilograms of Taiping II earthworm species per square meter of soil area, and spread fermented cow dung with a thickness of 4-5 cm on the boundary for earthworm reproduction. After that, every 3-4 days, the cow dung eaten by the upper earthworms is scraped off, and 4-5 kilograms of newly fermented cow dung is sprinkled every square meter. In this way, after about 14 days, earthworms multiply in large numbers and can be put into eel species.
4. stockings
The stocking density depends on the specifications of eel species. According to the whole pond area, 30 to 40 eels per kilogram, 4 kilograms per square meter; 40 ~ 50 yuan per kilogram, 3 kilograms per square meter. In this way, from April to 1 1 month, the survival rate is above 90%, and the specification is 6 ~ 10 pieces per kilogram.
Step 5 manage
After the eel seeds are put into the pond, the water depth of the pond is kept at about 10 cm, and the water flow is constant. After that, every 3-4 days, a layer of cow dung on the border will be scraped off, and then 4-5 kilograms of fermented new cow dung will be added per square meter to ensure the continuous reproduction of earthworms, so that Monopterus albus can feed itself in the soil without feeding other feeds.
Because the water quality of this culture method is always good, and there is an excellent live bait-earthworm for Monopterus albus to eat, Monopterus albus is not easy to get sick, grows fast, has high yield and good economic benefits. Generally, it can produce Monopterus albus 14 ~ 15 kg per square meter.
Introduction of Monopterus albus: Monopterus albus has no scales, can erect the first half of its body in shallow water, breathe to the water surface through its mouth, and store air in its mouth and throat, so its throat is swollen. Freshwater edible fish, widely distributed in Southeast Asia, can be seen everywhere except the northwest plateau, inhabiting ponds, rivers, rice fields and other places, often lurking in mud holes or crevices. Go out for food at night. The reproductive situation is quite special. She was a female when she was young, and after a reproduction, she became a male. This phenomenon is called sex reversal.
Monopterus albus belongs to Monopterus, Syngnathidae and Monopteridae. Commonly known as eel, mackerel, eel, snake fish. English name: Monopterus albus.
The body is slender and snake-shaped, with a flat front and a narrow tail. The head is long and round. The mouth is big, the end position, the upper jaw is slightly prominent, and the lips are quite developed There are fine teeth on the upper and lower jaws and flap bones. Eyes are small and covered with a thin layer of skin. The left and right branchial foramen merge into one on the ventral surface, which is inverted? v？ Glyph. The branchial membrane is connected with the branchial isthmus. The body is lubricated without scales. No pectoral fins and ventral fins; The dorsal fin and anal fin degenerate, leaving only skin folds, no soft spines, and all of them are integrated with the caudal fin. When living, the body is yellowish brown with irregular black spots, and the body color of Monopterus albus often varies with the living environment.
Monopterus albus is a tropical and warm temperate fish. It is a benthic fish with strong adaptability and can survive in rivers, lakes, ditches and rice fields. During the day, I like to dig holes in humus mud or in the cracks with water on the embankment. Little activity during the day, foraging at night. Gills are underdeveloped, but they can breathe air directly with the help of the epidermis on the inner wall of oral cavity and laryngeal cavity as an auxiliary organ for breathing; It can survive with little oxygen in water. After coming out of the water, as long as you keep your skin moist, you won't die in a few days. Monopterus albus is an omnivorous fish, which feeds on various small animals. It is greedy and eats most vigorously in summer. Long-term consumption in cold season will not kill you.
The breeding season of Monopterus albus is from June to August, and its individual development has the characteristics of sex reversal, that is, from embryonic stage to first sexual maturity, it is female (that is, the gonads of individuals less than 35 cm in length are all ovaries); After laying eggs, the ovary gradually becomes the testis; When the body length is 36-48 cm, it is partially reversed, and the male and female individuals are almost equal; Most of them grow to more than 53 cm for testicles. When the young fish can only grow to 20 cm, the 2-winter-old female fish will reach maturity and have a body length of at least 34 cm. The largest individual can reach 70 cm and weigh 1, 5 kg. Monopterus albus lays eggs near the cave where it lives. Before laying eggs, it will spit out foam to build a nest. The fertilized egg develops on the water surface with the help of the buoyancy of foam. Both male and female fish have the habit of protecting nests.
This fish is distributed in Southeast Asia and found in all waters of China except the western plateau. Foreign countries have reached western Korea, southern Japan, the Philippines, Java and Myanmar. Monopterus albus is tender and delicious. High nutritional value. Every 10g eel meat contains protein 17, 2- 18 and 8g, fat 0,9-1 2g, calcium 38mg, phosphorus 150mg and iron16g. In addition, it also contains thiamine (vitamin B 1), riboflavin (B2), nicotinic acid (vitamin PP), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and other vitamins. Monopterus albus is not only a famous dish to entertain guests, but also exported live in recent years, selling well abroad, and even frozen eel is exported to the United States and other places. Monopterus albus can be produced all year round, but it is the fattest around the slight summer heat. Little summer eel race ginseng? Statement.
Monopterus albus is not only delicious on the table, but also its meat, blood, head and skin have certain medicinal value. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, Monopterus albus has the functions of enriching blood, invigorating qi, diminishing inflammation, disinfection and expelling wind and dampness. Monopterus albus is sweet and warm in nature, and has the effects of nourishing the middle energizer and nourishing blood and treating physical weakness. Folk medicine can be used to treat physical weakness, cough, damp-heat itching, intestinal wind, hemorrhoids and deafness. The head of Monopterus albus is burnt to ashes and served with warm wine on an empty stomach, which can cure the hard pain of female breast nucleus. Its bone is used as medicine, and it also treats scabies, and the curative effect is quite remarkable. Its blood drops into the ear, which can treat chronic suppurative otitis media; Nasal drip can cure nosebleed (nosebleed); Especially for external use, can treat facial paralysis and facial paralysis. Eel serum is toxic, but the toxin is not heat-resistant and can be destroyed by gastric juice and heating. Generally, it will not be poisoned if it is cooked. Whether the treatment of eel blood for civilian use is caused by the toxin in the blood remains to be further studied.