1. 1 Preparation of nutrient soil
Before sowing, prepare non-toxic nutrient soil as soon as possible. In August, fertile vegetable garden soil 1 part, human and animal manure, manure or garbage 1 part, carbonized chaff or plant ash 1 part were selected, and mixed and piled for fermentation. If it is too late to ferment, it can be disinfected with chemicals after the nutrient soil is piled up. The method is: dilute with formalin 100 times, spray the liquid medicine evenly on the nutrient soil layer, stir the nutrient soil repeatedly, pile it up, cover it with plastic film and seal it for 2? After 3 days, spread the medicine soil 5? After 7 days, you can use it after using it. 1kg formalin can handle 4000? 5000 kilograms of nutrient soil. You can also buy finished cultivated soil.
1.2 preparation of seedling container
Before broadcast 10? 15 days, the seedling container is packed, and the seedling container 10em× 12em. Fill the prepared seedling pot with nutrient soil, not too full, so as to be 2? 3em is suitable. Put the potted seedlings on the seedbed in the greenhouse. The seedbeds run north-south, and the seedling pots are placed as 10 as a seedling block, leaving 0.8 between every two seedbeds. The length of 1m working path depends on the field in the shed, and the height of ridge is 10em. The seedbed should be flat, and there should be no low-lying water. Seven days before the seedling pot, use 3000 times solution of 95% potassium permanganate and 500 times solution of phoxim. 800 times of liquid for sterilization and insecticidal treatment. Soak the seedling pots 1 day before sowing.
2 seed selection
In order to ensure the germination rate of bitter gourd seeds, we must first choose &; #40; most & amp # 4 1； New seeds. The variety cultivated in the open field can be white jade bitter gourd or emerald bitter gourd, both of which can be raised in a cold bed seedling pot covered with a small arch shed in the greenhouse. Sowing in the first half of March, the amount of seeds used per 667m field is 0.3? 0.4 kg.
3 seed treatment and sowing
3. 1 seed treatment
Before sowing &; #40; Mid-March &; #4 1; Expose the selected bitter gourd seeds in the sun 4? Break the dormancy after 6 hours. With 55? Soak the seeds in warm water at 60℃, and the amount of water should be enough to heat the seeds evenly. After the seeds enter the water, keep stirring 55? The temperature of 60℃ l0? 15 minutes or so. When the water temperature naturally drops to 30. C, and then soak for 24 hours. In order to prevent infected seeds from spreading diseases, it is necessary to disinfect the seeds. Soak the seeds in 800 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil or 500 times solution of 50% carbendazim for 30 minutes, take them out, rinse them, and soak them in clear water for 3? Accelerated germination after 4 hours. Use&; #40; 100℃ boiling water burns &; #4 1; After high temperature disinfection, the seeds were wrapped in gauze, germinated at 35℃, washed/kloc-0 times a day, and then dropped to 25? 30%, after 4 days, the bud began to germinate, and the seed bud length reached 0. 1? 0.2em, the seeds are picked up, sown when picked up, and the seeds that have not germinated after the seventh day are discarded.
3.2 sowing
30 minutes before sowing, water the seedling pot 1 time, and sow after the soil fully absorbs water. It will be picked out when sowing &; #40; Budd & # 41; The root tip of the seed goes down into the seedling pot, each pot 1? 2 seeds with a covering thickness of 0.5? lem & amp#40; Tidal fine soil & 41; . After sowing, cover the seedbed with plastic film to promote germination, insert a small arch shed into the seedbed, and keep the daytime temperature at 30? 35℃, maintained at 65438 05% at night. After broadcast 3? Emerge after 4 days, and uncover the plastic film and arch frame after emergence.
4 seedling management
4. 1 split seedlings
A seedling is a seedling when it grows to 1 leaf and 1 heart. Each pot contains bitter gourd seedlings 1 plant. After dividing the seedlings, water them, build a small arch shed, increase the temperature, keep moisture and promote seedling delay.
4.2 Temperature and Humidity Management
From sowing to flattening cotyledons, keep high temperature and high humidity, and the bed temperature is 25? At 30℃, the relative humidity of air is above 80%. From cotyledon development to seedling division, it is kept at 25? 30℃, bed temperature controlled at 65438 06? At 20℃, the temperature from seedling separation to slow seedbed is 10? At 28℃, the temperature from slow seedling to planting bed is 10? 20 degrees Celsius. Water only when the ground is dry or seedlings wither.
4.3 Nutrition management
When the seedlings lack fertilizer, such as thin stems and weak leaves, 8% decomposed human urine can be applied with water, or the mixed solution of 0. 1% urea and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed. Or use 2000 times more liquid, every 7? Spray/kloc-0 per day, ***2? Three times. When the seedlings grow in vain and appear tall seedlings, 100ml/kg ethephon can be sprayed on the leaves.
4.4 Pest control
The seedling diseases of bitter gourd mainly include damping-off and anthracnose. At the initial stage of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil WP 500 times solution or 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution, 7? 10 daily spray 1 time, continuous spray 2? Three times. The ground maggots can be sprayed with 90% trichlorfon for 800 times.
Pre-colonial 4.5&; #40; Domestication & # 41; grow seedlings
Generally, it is carried out 10 day before colonization. Practice seedlings &; #40; Zero & # 41; In the stage, the management is carried out according to the principle of "controlling temperature but not water", and the temperature of seedbed is reduced to 10? 20 inches C. Open the plastic shed for outdoor air after 4: 00 p.m. 1 day, and cover it before 10 the next morning, at 4: 00 p.m. &; #40; Once again & # 41; Open the outdoor air with plastic sheets, and cover it the next morning 1 1 &; #40; Increase the total light 1 hour every day, and so on&; #4 1; . Gradually increase ventilation and uncover the shed film in time. Before colonial 3? In about 5 days, the small arch shed in the greenhouse is completely uncovered day and night, and the temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 15? 20℃。 After the late frost in late April, bitter gourd seedlings
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