breeding technology
The breeding season for ostriches is from March to September. A few months before the breeding season comes, ostriches should be grouped, such as 1 male and female or 1 male 1 female, ready to mate. It is required that birds should not be too fat, otherwise their reproductive ability will be poor.
The pen house should be located in a secluded place, the site should be as large and flat as possible, and edible deciduous trees, shrubs, alfalfa or grass should be planted appropriately. The fence should be strong, 2 meters high. The building area should also be large, the surface should be covered with sand (the cement bottom can also prevent rodents), and grass should be padded in winter and breeding season. There should be operating corridors and thermal insulation facilities in the house, and attention should be paid to lighting.
Ostriches begin to lay eggs around 1 week after mating. Generally, eggs are laid every 1 ~ 2 days/grain, mostly at 3: 00 ~ 7: 00 pm. Those with high egg laying rate lay 1 egg every 1 day, rest after laying 12 ~ 20 eggs/week, and then start the next egg laying cycle. Some of them lay 40 eggs continuously, which is related to feeding management. The fertilization rate of eggs is 60% ~ 90%.
The daily activities of artificially raised ostriches are more regular. Therefore, it should be fed regularly and quantitatively according to its life law. Every morning at dawn, ostriches run around the side net in the playground, and after running 15 ~ 20 minutes, they mate for food. Therefore, the first feeding time is from 6: 30 to 7: 30 in the morning. 1 day for 4 times, and the interval of each feeding should be as equal as possible. The feeding sequence can be coarse first and then fine, or the concentrated feed and green feed can be mixed together for feeding. The feeding amount of concentrated feed is generally controlled at about 65438±0.5kg each, so as to prevent the egg production from decreasing or stopping production due to overweight.
The suitable crude protein content and metabolic energy in ostrich compound feed during laying period are 18% and 10.5 MJ/kg. Green feed is mainly eaten for free. Special attention should be paid to the calcium intake of breeders. In addition to giving enough calcium and phosphorus in the feed, you can also set up a trough for feeding bone meal in the barn, so any ostrich can eat freely.
The eggs laid by ostriches should be collected in time to prevent long exposure in summer and freezing in winter. Handle eggs carefully. Recovered eggs should be washed immediately to prevent microbial contamination. It is best to use flowing warm water when cleaning. If it is washed in a basin, change the water after washing 1 eggs, and the cleaning time should not exceed 2 ~ 3 minutes, and then dry it naturally without wiping it with a wet cloth. 1% can be used for disinfection in Sur. The storage time of eggs should not be too long, not more than 2 weeks at most, and L week is the best. When stored for a long time, the temperature should be controlled at 13 ~ 18℃ and the humidity should be 30% ~ 40%. Generally, it is placed on the side, so it is not necessary to turn over the eggs when storing, and the damaged eggs should be removed to prevent cross-contamination.
Protection methods of ostrich laying eggs;
Under natural breeding conditions, ostrich eggs are often contaminated by soil and feces after landing, and the contaminated eggs will inevitably be infected by bacteria after many procedures such as cleaning and disinfection. In the process of hatching, chicks in eggs often die in the middle and late stages, and even "fried eggs" appear, which leads to the whole box of eggs being infected and scrapped, bringing unnecessary economic losses to farms. We have observed the eggs for many times, and found that there are many bacterial spots in the polluted eggs in the middle of incubation, and the temperature of the eggs in the late incubation period is accelerated due to bacterial infection, which leads to the late death. Usually, during the incubation process, some birds' eggs suddenly lose weight in the later stage, and the chicks dry up and die after autopsy, which is a typical bacterial infection. After long-term observation and experiments, the annual catching rate of eggs is over 85%, and the hatching rate is 20% higher than in the past. Now this method is introduced as follows.
First, the technician in charge of mastering the ostrich's delivery period must first prepare fumigated plastic bags or clean towels.
2. Inform the breeder to observe the birds during childbirth. Generally, it is about 10 day, and the male bird helps the female bird "dig the nest" in the circle. Female birds often turn around the pit with red nostrils. When she started giving birth, her food intake decreased, especially when the female bird walked back and forth in the circle before giving birth. At this time, the breeder should wash his hands with disinfectant, prepare plastic bags or towels, and wait for observation in places where ostriches are not easy to find. Ostriches usually lay eggs from 2 pm to 7 pm.
3. About 2 minutes before laying eggs, the mother bird will squat down, with mucus flowing in her mouth, flapping her wings, making a trembling sound and starting to lay eggs. At this time, the egg catcher should immediately run lightly, pick up the egg with a towel in one hand and hold up the bird's tail feather in the other hand to prevent the tail feather from being polluted by the egg. When catching eggs, people should squat down to prevent the male bird from hitting you.
Four, the eggs are clean and wet, and the breeder should send them to the incubator in time, and the incubator will take over the disinfection and storage. Disinfection can only be carried out after the water on the egg surface is dry. Pick up eggs in plastic bags in rainy days to prevent rain pollution.
Five, fumigation or storage of eggs should be the end and air chamber up. When a bird lays an egg, the end with the air chamber comes out first. Just notice the hatcher when picking eggs. Picking eggs can solve a difficult problem of determining the direction of the air chamber.
Symptoms of chicken pox
At first, a small gray-white nodule appeared around the featherless parts of the head, such as eyelids, corners of the mouth and ear holes, and soon increased to the size of gray-yellow sesame and mung beans. Some nodules are large in number and fuse with each other to form a larger acne scab. The scab is brown-black, dry and rough. The scab of acne was peeled off, revealing a bleeding depression. After the scab skin falls off, it forms a smooth gray scar and heals. If the eyelid has acne rash, the eye seam can be completely closed due to the thickening of the skin. If there is bacterial infection, catarrhal conjunctivitis will appear in the early stage and then a large amount of concentrated or fibrin exudate will appear. Acne scabs can also appear in featherless parts such as legs, inner wings and anus, but the lesions are not obvious. Simple skin type avian pox has mild systemic symptoms, such as depression, poor appetite and elevated body temperature. The course of disease is 15 ~ 40 days.